Researchers discovered that ants pass proteins through mouth-to-mouth exchanges to share metabolic labor and adapt to colony needs. This discovery sheds light on how ants divide tasks between individuals and the colony's life cycle.
Researchers tracked methane emissions from the region's 10,000 oil and gas wells, finding that they fell by half between 2015 and 2020. Despite this decline, methane leaks remained high, accounting for about six to eight percent of produced natural gas.
A recent UTSW study found that Hispanic ischemic stroke patients receive lower-quality thrombectomies than their white counterparts, with similar outcomes observed between Black and white patients. This disparity highlights the need for targeted interventions to improve access to high-quality stroke treatment for underserved populations.
A multidisciplinary team from UCI has published a new guide for statistical analysis in neuroscience research, providing an overview of mixed-effects models and clear instructions on their application. The guide aims to improve the validity and reproducibility of experimental findings in the field.
A UCI-led team has developed a high-throughput screen methodology to identify compounds that affect the functional role of Rh, a key G protein-coupled receptor. The study reveals new allosteric modulators that can alter rod light response kinetics or reduce rod sensitivity, paving the way for next-generation therapeutics.
Researchers at UCSF discovered a narrower blood pressure range during surgery that significantly improves neuromotor recovery in patients with spinal cord injuries. Patients whose mean arterial blood pressure was between 76 mmHg and 104-117 mmHg had maximal recovery, indicating a potential new treatment guideline.
A fraction of patients with high dihydrolipoamide S-Succinyltransferase (DLST) expression in their tumor cells may benefit from CPI-613, a drug targeting the TCA cycle. DLST plays a crucial role in TNBC pathogenesis, and its expression could serve as a biomarker for targeted therapy.
Researchers discovered chemerin, a multifunctional protein, has antitumoral properties in mouse models of cancer. Bioactive chemerin overexpression inhibits neoangiogenesis, a process distinct from normal tissue vasculature. This effect may provide a therapeutic application for targeting solid tumors.
Researchers, led by UC Santa Barbara professor Björn Birnir and the University of Oslo's Luiza Angheluta, have published a complete description of boundary layer turbulence. The theory unites empirical observations with the Navier-Stokes equation into a mathematical formula.
A study using machine learning techniques found that maintaining an optimal range of blood pressure control during surgical repair of spinal injuries improves patient outcomes. The results suggest that precise upper and lower blood pressure targets, between 76-117mmHg, may help patients recover motor function after a spinal cord injury.
Researchers found that dysregulation of enzymes in the glucuronidation pathway is associated with castration-resistant prostate cancer. The study suggests that reducing UGDH expression and/or activity can reverse castration resistance, potentially preventing or delaying therapeutic resistance.
A new study used machine learning to predict the zoonotic capacity of 5,400 mammal species, identifying those at high risk of transmitting SARS-CoV-2. The model, which combined data on biological traits with ACE2 receptor information, predicted 72% accuracy and identified numerous additional species with potential to transmit the virus.
Researchers used NASA's Hubble Space Telescope to focus on a post-starburst galaxy nearly 500 million light years away. They discovered two periods of intense starburst before the galaxy stopped forming stars, shedding new light on its history and evolution.
A large study comparing the brains of left-handers and right-handers found significant differences in brain asymmetry across ten regions. The research also discovered a link between genetic influences on handedness and brain asymmetries in language-related regions.
A team of researchers at the University of Cambridge found that an air filtration machine removed almost all traces of airborne SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 wards. The study suggests that setting standards for cleaner air could reduce the risk of airborne transmission of infections.
The Covestro Circular Economy Program aims to create opportunities for research, education, and innovation in circular economy principles. The program will prepare students with circular economy training to address the challenge of global waste and material use.
This study reveals cellular composition changes in colon organoids exposed to smoking and red/processed meat carcinogens, suggesting an overlap between inherited and environmental CRC risk. The findings provide novel insights into CRC etiology and reveal potential avenues for future research.
The research team aims to increase organ-transplant access for underserved minority patients by developing an integrated dynamic stochastic simulation-optimization model. This model will help patients decide whether to accept a less compatible kidney or wait for a more compatible one.
A new genetic analysis reveals that freshwater mussel larvae's mimicry of fish attracts host fish, allowing the mussels to coexist and drive species diversity. The study found that specialized host-infection behaviors evolved over time, leading to adaptive radiation among the mussel species.
Physicists from Exeter and Zaragoza develop a theory to engineer non-reciprocal flows of quantum light and matter, paving the way for novel devices with directional character. This breakthrough may lead to the creation of quantum technologies requiring efficient, directional energy transfer.
A large study of UK patients found a significant association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and subsequent psychiatric illness, fatigue, and sleep problems. The research used health records of over 12 million patients to examine the relationship between COVID-19 and mental health issues.
A new study by University of Pittsburgh researchers links econometric models with production profitability to predict the impact of demand shocks on carbon intensity. Small shocks are predicted to displace heavy crudes with higher carbon intensity, but the relation may be counterintuitive.
Researchers at Universidad Complutense de Madrid have discovered alterations caused by ALS in the retina, which can be used as biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment monitoring. The study found changes in microglial cells and ganglion cell loss, with modifications evolving over the course of the disease.
A team of Boston College researchers has discovered a dramatic re-arrangement of magnetic domains with thermal cycling in a Mott insulator. They used spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy to map the local strength of antiferromagnetic ordering on nanometer length scales.
A study by the University of Queensland found that COVID-19 pandemic responses must include actions safeguarding biodiversity and ecosystems. The research team advocates for a One Health approach to holistically address outbreaks before they happen.
Research in mice shows how diet affects immunity through a specific gut microbe. The study reveals that dietary amino acids trigger the release of metabolic byproducts from gut bacteria, modulating immune function and leading to inflammation.
Researchers developed an automated method to detect and date abrupt climate events in paleoclimatic data, facilitating the study of climate tipping points in the past. The new tool can help establish chronology of close events and eliminate uncertainties during comparisons of different paleo records.
The European Society of Cardiology has published guidance for diagnosing and managing cardiovascular disease in patients with COVID-19. The two-part document provides practical information and advice to help clinicians care for patients affected by the pandemic.
A new Rutgers study found young sexual minority Black men in NYC experience higher rates of stop-and-frisk encounters than their Hispanic and white counterparts. The researchers emphasize the need for community-based solutions to address these stressful interactions and promote mental health and wellbeing.
A new research study reveals the emotional responses and coping strategies employed by family members of former athletes living with neurodegenerative disease. The study sheds light on the challenges faced by these families, who are often under immense strain, and calls for further support and care.
Rice University computer scientists have discovered an inexpensive way to implement rigorous personal data privacy in large databases for machine learning. Using locality sensitive hashing, their RACE method creates small summaries of enormous databases while scaling for high-dimensional data.
A new study by the Regenstrief Institute found that lack of protocols or standard operating procedures in the recovery room is a significant barrier to administering post-operative chemotherapy to reduce bladder cancer recurrence. The researchers identified 58 Michigan urologists who reported this as a major obstacle, emphasizing the n...
A University of Adelaide study reveals that over 35% of fish caught off southern Australia contain microplastics, with the problem being most acute in South Australia. Simple actions like replacing plastic fishing equipment and using biodegradable bags can quickly reduce plastic pollution in the ocean.
Researchers at the University at Buffalo have created model protein-RNA droplets with properties similar to those of viscoelastic Maxwell fluid and Silly Putty. These droplets exhibit dual behavior, acting like both elastic solids and viscous liquids, depending on the timescale.
Researchers have developed a new approach to studying prostate cancer, allowing them to track the behavior of individual cancer cells from birth to organ spread. The technique uses whole-organ imaging and artificial intelligence to create a 3D reconstruction of the organ at single-cell resolution.
Researchers at GIST have made a breakthrough in creating a perovskite material with easily tunable electrical properties. The study used ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and low energy electron diffraction to investigate the effects of fabrication conditions on the material's surface.
A new study found that only 47% of women had a dental visit during pregnancy, highlighting barriers to care among Medicaid-enrolled women. Medicaid Pregnancy Dental coverage was often unaware or underutilized by reproductive-aged women, posing significant oral health risks.
A recent study published in JAMA Open Network evaluates the performance of the EyeArt AI system, detecting diabetic retinopathy with high sensitivity and specificity. The results demonstrate the ability to accurately detect vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy without physician oversight, facilitating efficient diabetic eye exams.
Researchers from Genethon and Université de Paris have developed an AAV-based gene therapy that corrects skeletal damage caused by XLH in mouse models. The treatment targets liver hepatocytes to express therapeutic proteins, potentially offering a lifelong solution for this rare disease.
Researchers from Okayama University developed an AI-powered image classifier to simplify and speed up the task of image analysis in cell biology. The system achieved high detection accuracy for mitotic cells in plant species, demonstrating its potential for non-experts to use.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine identified over 300 genes with altered expression in advanced cancers due to genomic structural variations. The study found associations between tumor genomic rearrangements and altered metabolism-associated gene expression, suggesting potential mechanisms for therapy resistance. These findings...
Scientists discovered that low-frequency energy from earthquakes travels in a four-leaf clover pattern near the fault, while higher frequency waves travel in all directions. This finding could improve building designs and mitigate earthquake damage by prioritizing vulnerable areas within the pattern.
Scientists identified multiple enzymes involved in C-glycoside metabolism, revealing a common reaction mechanism in both intestinal and soil bacteria. This discovery could provide insight into how the body breaks down these molecules and potentially lead to new treatments for diseases.
Researchers developed an algorithm that combines product popularity and variety to increase customer appeal, resulting in a 30% increase in customer engagement. The study, conducted with Wayfair, also found the algorithm was efficient and required minimal customer data.
A University of Sydney study found that diet has a stronger impact on ageing and metabolic health than three common diabetes drugs. The research suggests changing one's diet can be more effective in improving metabolic health than taking medications.
The Department of Modern and Classical Languages at George Mason University has received a grant of $398,227 to support the Global Exchange Office's Project GO. The program aims to help future global officers gain fluency in critical languages while learning intercultural communication tools.
Researchers developed a new membrane-based separation technology using MOF nanoparticles, which consumes up to 90% less energy than traditional methods. The technology overcomes interfacial adhesion problems by fabricating compatible MOF fillers, improving membrane performance.
A new nasal vaccine, Protollin, is being tested in humans for the first time to prevent and slow Alzheimer's disease progression. The trial aims to determine safety and tolerability, as well as its effects on the immune system.
A Mount Sinai study reveals that young adult cancer patients exhibit distinct genetic hallmarks and immune system responses compared to their older counterparts. These findings suggest personalized treatment approaches for young adults with various types of cancers.
A new study of family doctors' views and experiences reveals that a software tool meant to reduce emergency hospital admissions is of limited use and benefit. The researchers found mixed views and experiences among GPs and practice managers about the tool, which was used in Wales as part of an earlier trial.
A Mediterranean region study predicts increased crop water demands due to worsening climate conditions, affecting staple crops like maize and wheat. The findings highlight the need for precision agriculture and water management strategies to balance economic growth and environmental sustainability.
Researchers found a specific plant extract activates a potassium channel that soothes pain, while having the opposite effect on another related channel, which can prevent diarrhea. The discovery could lead to new medicines for pain and gastrointestinal issues.
The discovery of mineralized sponge fossils in Fontanarejo, Spain, has provided new insights into the evolution of living beings. The fossils, dated to around 530 million years ago, offer a unique window into the early Cambrian period.
Researchers tracked vampire bats' gut microbes over four months, finding that those with closer social interactions shared more similar microbiomes. The study controlled for diet and environment, providing insight into the impact of social behavior on microbiome development.
Researchers at the Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard have developed a new anti-malarial antibody that provides significant protection against malaria, outperforming existing best-in-class antibodies. The breakthrough could lead to improved distribution of monoclonal antibodies in endemic countries.
A new process has been identified to accelerate the use of low-cost materials, transforming the energy sector with potential to replace silicone-based solar panels. The dynamic dimeric copper complexes offer a novel combination of fast charge transport and efficient redox mechanisms.
The discovery proposes replacing carbon-hydrogen bonds with nitrogen rings, enabling faster and more efficient production of drug candidates. This breakthrough could lead to rapid creation of potent and effective medication libraries.
The study assessed meadow ecosystem biomass to understand its contribution to carbon sequestration. It used species composition and functional groups to predict biomass values, finding a reliable method for assessing productivity without collecting data.
A new study from UMass Amherst suggests that changing land-use patterns in the greater Narragansett watershed can help mitigate the effects of climate change. The research found that expanding forest cover and investing in green infrastructure, such as rain gardens and living roofs, can reduce surface runoff and nutrient loading.
A recent study analyzed commercially insured patients and found that inpatient stays for eating disorders, including anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, rose during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study included over 3.2 million people and highlighted the need for continued support and treatment for individuals affected by these conditions.