A new study has found that worsening depression after diagnosis significantly reduces the survival of lung cancer patients. The trajectory of depressive symptoms was found to be a key factor in understanding how depression relates to premature death. Patients with worsening depression had shorter lifespans, even when receiving advanced...
A new experiment measures the neutron skin in a calcium nucleus, shedding light on proton-neutron interactions. The results will be presented at the 2021 Fall Meeting of the APS Division of Nuclear Physics.
Researchers discovered ultrafast coupled atomic vibrations in few-layer hexagonal boron nitride, resulting in a frequency down-shift of the optical phonons. The study also reveals a nonlinear optical effect that can be induced by moderate power light, holding potential for optoelectronic applications.
The study proposes a new approach to inhibit MYC's essential interaction with TRRAP, a protein required for efficient histone acetylation. This disruption could lead to cancer-specific targeted therapies with minimal effects on normal cells.
Scientists at New York University have developed seven new crystal forms of the insecticide imidacloprid, which work up to nine times faster than the original version. The new forms enable the control of disease-carrying mosquitoes in smaller amounts and with reduced environmental impact.
A systematic review of social media research identified 46 harmful effects, ranging from psychological harms like jealousy and loneliness to security and privacy issues. The study highlights the need for user moderation and software development strategies to mitigate these negative effects.
A new study reveals that childhood adversity is a major contributor to early and preventable causes of mortality and long-term physical and mental health issues. Childhood adversity was found to be associated with elevated risk for chronic diseases, including heart disease and cancer.
Researchers create protein switches that can be activated and deactivated using a clinically approved drug, enabling controlled cell activity. This method could be used to monitor the safety and efficacy of modified cells.
Researchers highlight the potential of disordered carbons as anode materials for sodium-ion batteries, but also identify remaining challenges. The authors propose five key research directions to advance the field and improve battery performance.
Researchers found that both Pfizer and Moderna vaccines generate long-term populations of T cells that can recognize multiple variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, individuals with a prior COVID-19 infection showed improved T cell responses in the respiratory tract, suggesting better protection against breakthrough infections.
A study published in Annals of Surgery found that gender-affirming mastectomies significantly improved mental health measures, body image, and self-confidence in transmasculine patients. The procedures also led to increased satisfaction with appearance and social functioning.
A new study analyzes presolar grains in meteorites to determine their stellar origins, using improved spatial resolution and isotopic analysis techniques. The research finds that the N isotope ratios of certain grains link them to different types of carbon stars, providing insights into the history of the universe.
This case-control study suggests that TP53 somatic mutations detected by next-generation sequencing are associated with an adverse prognosis in breast cancer. Co-existence of PIK3CA mutation was a common finding in TP53-mutant tumors.
A new study shows that gorillas can distinguish between human voices, reacting with distress when hearing unfamiliar or negative voices. The apes' ability to gauge threats by familiarity of human voices has implications for their wild cousins.
Researchers found that a light breeze of about 5 mph extends effective social distancing by around 20% due to increased viral load persistence. Wearing masks outdoors reduces the chances of infection, with stronger winds increasing virus spread.
Researchers from The Stuber Lab discovered that certain neurons in the brain light up in obese mice, preventing signals that indicate satiety. The study found that these neurons communicate with regions involved in depression and motivation, suggesting a link between eating disorders and addiction.
A team developed a smart microscope that adapts to curved biological surfaces, reducing irradiation by up to 100 times. This breakthrough technology enables long-term imaging of fragile objects like embryos and organoids.
A study by University of British Columbia researchers reveals that southern resident killer whales have access to four to six times more Chinook salmon in the Salish Sea than northern residents. This challenges the common notion of a prey shortage for southern residents during summer feeding grounds.
Researchers found that emotional expressions of anger in negative reviews influence consumer attitudes and choices, counterintuitively increasing the negative impact. Online retailers and review platforms should take angry reviews seriously and address them promptly to mitigate their effects.
Researchers found that recessive Mendelian disease-causing genes were less likely to be swept out of populations, potentially due to genetic interference. This allowed these genes to persist longer in human populations despite their harmful effects.
A new research center will use genomic data and socioeconomic factors to better predict health outcomes in individuals of diverse ancestry. The center aims to develop computational tools to combine large datasets and analyze them for consistent relationships among admixed populations.
A new study from the University of Illinois evaluates fintech systems in 16 emerging markets, finding that digital technologies improve access to financial services. However, vulnerable populations face barriers to usage due to digital literacy, cost, and limited consumer protections.
Scientists have made significant gains in understanding the Arctic's carbon cycle by studying the transfer of dissolved organic carbon from land to ocean via rivers. The research highlights the importance of this process in coastal foodwebs and the impacts of climate change on freshwater export and DOC loading.
Research by Washington University in St. Louis explores the collision of island and mainland adaptive radiations in neotropical anoles, finding that island species can diversify greatly on the mainland. Contrary to traditional thinking, islands are not evolutionary dead ends but rather cauldrons of innovation and diversification.
A novel nanostructure combining aluminium single crystals and semiconductor germanium shows unique effects at low temperatures, including superconductivity and electric field control. This structure is well-suited for complex quantum technology applications and can be fabricated using established semiconductor techniques.
The study of 42 asteroids provides detailed images and shapes, revealing a variety of asteroid types, including spherical and elongated objects. The densities of the asteroids vary significantly, suggesting different compositions and origins, supporting theories of substantial migration and distinct region formation in the Solar System.
A new surgical procedure, Conjunctivoductivo-dacryocystorhinostomy, has been developed to treat intractable canalicular obstruction and watery eyes. The procedure creates a new passage for tear fluid to flow, eliminating facial scarring and foreign matter.
A research team from VUB has been monitoring glaciers in the Alps for 20 years, using drones to track glacier melting and find that the Morteratsch and Pers glaciers have lost mass again. The study found that climate change is causing glaciers to lose mass faster, with one cooler summer not changing the overall trend.
The study analyzed data from 680 patients aged 1-17 who were involved in ATV or dirt bike crashes. Helmeted riders had lower rates of neurosurgical consultation, intracranial injury, moderate or severe traumatic brain injury, and required fewer neurosurgical procedures compared to unhelmeted riders.
Researchers found that lower performing students reported higher stress levels due to multiple factors, including work obligations, feeling like they don't belong, or lack of confidence. The study suggests that successful interventions should target multiple areas of student stress.
Researchers found associations between 10 sleep measures and lifetime psychiatric diagnoses, with sleep efficiency most affected. The study used wrist accelerometer data from 89,205 individuals, providing detailed, objective sleep measurements at scale.
A study of 7,512 pregnancies in women with congenital heart disease found no maternal deaths, but more health complications for mothers and babies compared to a control group. Babies born to CHD mothers had an increased risk of stillbirths, low birthweight, and major visible abnormalities.
The study assesses how temperature influences droplet size in elastic matrices, providing insights into biological molecule arrangement and condensate formation. It also explores the role of phase separation and its effect on droplet growth.
Participants with elevated blood pressure, even within the normal range, have older-looking brains and increased risk of health problems. Maintaining optimal blood pressure can help prevent accelerated brain aging, according to ANU researchers.
A Cornell University study finds that noncompete agreements disproportionately affect women entrepreneurs, blocking them from starting high-growth companies. The 'fear factor' associated with noncompetes also limits the ability of women to hire experienced employees, making entrepreneurial ventures riskier.
Researchers found two hidden quarries in southern Naxos containing white marble used to create the iconic Apollo statue on Delos. The discovery sheds new light on ancient commerce and trade in the region.
A new pouch device has been developed to protect transplanted human liver cells from immune systems for up to six months, producing crucial biomolecules. This breakthrough offers a potential path toward treating human diseases without needing to suppress the patient's immune system.
A team of OSU researchers, led by Nordica MacCarty, is working on a firebox retrofit that uses turbulent jets of air to improve stove efficiency and reduce fine particle emissions. The project aims to minimize health impacts from wood smoke exposure in low-resource communities.
A nationwide study found that increasing family members with immunity from previous infection or full vaccination reduces the risk of infection and hospitalization in non-immune individuals. Vaccination is crucial not only for individual protection but also for reducing transmission within high-risk environments like families.
The latest results from the RHIC Spin Program provide new insights into the contribution of quarks and gluons to a proton's spin. Researchers at Brookhaven Lab have made significant progress in studying the three-dimensional internal structure of protons using collisions of spin-polarized protons at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ...
Researchers have developed a chemical compound that interferes with the entry of coronaviruses into human cells, targeting the transmembrane serine protease 2 protein. The compound, MM3122, has shown potential in preventing infection and reducing disease severity, with effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV.
A new algorithm developed by Carnegie Mellon University researchers offers a powerful tool for illustrating genome folding in cell nuclei. The Higashi algorithm analyzes chromatin interactions using single-cell Hi-C technology, revealing detailed variations in genome organization from cell to cell.
A study found that prolyl oligopeptidase inhibition with KYP-2047 treatment reduces collagen amount and lowers inflammatory protein levels in lung tissue. The treatment also modulates apoptosis, preserving lung function after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury.
A Mayo Clinic expert suggests that people with serrated polyps, which are flat and difficult to spot during colonoscopies, should be checked more frequently for bowel cancer. The presence of serrated polyps alone or with adenomas increases cancer risk, similar to adenomas alone, according to a new study.
A global study of 46,500 people aged 18-99 found that older adults are more willing to donate to charities within their own country, but less likely to do so internationally. This preference for 'in-group' behavior remains consistent even after accounting for wealth, pandemic severity, and perceived risk.
Research on the giant water bug found a mismatch between its phylogenetic distance and reproductive isolation. The species' genetic differentiation is consistent with the formation of the Tsushima Strait, which separated Japan from mainland Eurasia about 1.55 million years ago.
A team of researchers from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign used advanced machine learning to model the physico-chemical properties of a molten salt compound called FLiNaK, enabling accurate atomic-scale reproduction and prediction of behavior under specific reactor conditions. This computational framework can help character...
Scientists at DZNE and UMG identified three microRNAs in the blood that correlate with mental fitness and cognitive decline. The biomarker is associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease within two years, offering potential targets for therapy and early warning signs.
Researchers developed a model to identify areas at high risk of debris flows after a fire, using satellite data on rainfall intensities, burn severity, and topography. The model shows promise in providing near-real-time information for emergency responders to better prepare for potential hazards.
A new study reveals that Earth's natural habitats can remove significant amounts of carbon dioxide due to previously undiscovered rock nitrogen weathering reactions. Preserving these ecosystems is vital to conserve the planet's carbon sink service and combat climate change.
A new study suggests that ground-dwelling and semi-arboreal mammals were better able to survive the mass extinction event, while tree-dwelling mammals were more likely to perish. Early primates may have maintained their arboreal habits through forested refugia or behavioral flexibility.
A study by Washington State University researchers found that sleep loss does not impact a person's ability to evaluate emotional situations, despite affecting their mood. However, sleep deprivation can make individuals less able to control their own emotional responses.
A new study reveals that sensitive skin surfaces are overrepresented in the brain due to stronger connections between sensory neurons and brain stem neurons. This mechanism may explain why certain body parts, like hands and lips, are more sensitive than others.
UNSW researchers stabilize a new intermediate phase in a room-temperature multiferroic material under stress, boosting electromechanical response by double its usual value. This breakthrough has exciting implications for next-generation devices and provides a valuable technique for international material scientists.
A recent study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that consuming whole fat milk has no negative impact on children's health. The research, which involved 49 healthy children aged four to six, showed that both groups consumed similar amounts of calories and fat.
Researchers found that as more family members gained immunity, the risk of COVID-19 declined. This study used national registry data from Sweden to analyze the association between individual immunity and COVID-19 risk among nonimmune individuals.
A study published in The Journal of Sex Research found that higher testosterone levels are associated with having multiple partners in men and solitary sexual activity in women. The research, which analyzed data from nearly 4,000 adults, highlights the complex relationship between hormones and human sexuality.
University of Barcelona researchers discovered that chaotic flows in active fluids can be described by simple mathematical laws. The study used cytoskeletal proteins and enzymes to create an active fluid system surrounded by passive fluids, revealing new flow regimes and a theoretical framework to explain the results.
A new antibody delivery technology enhances anti-PD-L1 antibody accumulation in glioblastoma by 33-fold, achieving a 60% complete response rate with long-term immune memory. The technology also suppresses immune-related adverse events.
The USC Stevens INI is partnering with Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the University of Miami to merge Alzheimer's disease data from over 30 datasets, producing a large-scale, standardized set of clearly defined data. This harmonization will enable large-scale machine learning analysis to better characterize the genetic basis...