Researchers identified critical period plasticity in the amygdala that can be treated with therapeutic intervention at key developmental time points. Early pharmacological intervention was shown effective in reducing fear-learning in the mouse model.
When humans are exposed to ozone indoors, they produce highly reactive hydroxyl (OH) radicals that oxidize pollutant gases. The human body is a chemical reactor consuming or producing oxidants and oxidized species, similar to how Earth interacts with the atmosphere.
The new photodetector design combines long-range transport of optical energy with long-range conversion to electrical current, mimicking the photosynthetic complexes found in plants. The device can gather light from areas of about 0.01 mm² and achieve conversion of light to electrical current over exceptionally long distances of 0.1 nm.
A UBC Okanagan study found that commercial weight management programs are more effective than DIY approaches in helping people lose weight. Participants who used a commercially available program lost over twice as much weight and had better success rates, including improved blood pressure and waist circumference.
A new study from Lehigh University found that social, economic, and demographic factors can predict an individual's propensity to engage in high-risk behaviors that expose them to Ebola spillover. The research identified young adults and those with agricultural jobs as the most at risk populations.
Researchers at HHMI's Janelia Research Campus have discovered a new type of synapse between neurons and their primary cilia, which allows for long-term changes in the cell's chromatin. This discovery could help scientists better understand how cells communicate and may lead to the development of more selective medications.
A new study suggests that prediction markets could improve climate risk forecasts by incentivizing experts to share information. The markets would offer a level playing field for diverse expertise and provide a structured way to distribute research funding, promoting effective altruism.
Researchers developed a methodology to forecast outbreaks of pathogens such as coronavirus and monkeypox, identifying host species at risk of infection. The machine-learning approach analyzes variables like location and climate to predict community hot spots at risk.
Researchers at Shibaura Institute of Technology developed an optimized recipe to retain superconductivity in bulk MgB2 by enhancing its critical current density. By combining sintering conditions with controlled addition of nanometer-sized amorphous boron and dysprosium oxide, the team achieved a superior critical current density.
A majority of early career scientists from underrepresented backgrounds experience psychological distress due to social unrest caused by systemic racism. However, the study found that mentoring relationships have a positive impact on their well-being.
A new study reveals that ant queens implement a dual-control system for insulin to promote egg development while slowing down the aging process. This unique mechanism allows ants to live longer and reproduce more effectively, unlike other animals.
Research on queen ants found altered insulin signaling allows them to live long and reproduce millions of eggs. This pathway may inhibit the AKT protein, enabling queens to thrive despite high reproductive demands.
A new study proposes a method of foam stabilization that could be used to make highly efficient hand sanitizers. The team added an anionic surfactant, long-chain alcohols, and an inorganic electrolyte to an aqueous solution containing 60% ethanol by volume.
Researchers established a novel strategy to treat Huntington's disease by converting the disease-causing form of the huntingtin protein into its disease-free form. This process maintains the original function of the protein, offering a new approach to tackle the neurodegenerative disorder.
Researchers used geospatial big data to analyze Black-owned restaurants' performance during the pandemic. They found that Black-owned restaurants experienced greater disparities in lost patronage compared to other restaurants.
The article emphasizes the need to incorporate Indigenous self-determination into research, respecting knowledge, ethics, and processes. This move aims to address historical injustices and promote more equitable health research practices.
Researchers developed a new machine-learning method to understand force chains in jammed granular solids. The graph neural network approach can predict the position of force chains with high accuracy, even for complex systems and varying conditions.
Researchers found that GnRH therapy improved cognitive function in male patients with Down syndrome, reversing olfactory and cognitive defects. The treatment did not affect olfaction but increased cognitive performance in all but one participant.
A third vaccine dose offers better protection against Omicron infection and hospitalization compared to two doses. The study found that a third dose maintained longer protection against infection for a longer time.
Queen ants live much longer than workers by generating an anti-insulin protein that blocks aging pathways. This protein enables pseudoqueens, female worker ants that become queens, to reproduce and live longer without aging.
Two papers published in Nature Plants unveil the first full-length genomes for homosporous ferns, a group containing 99% of modern fern diversity. The Ceratopteris genome suggests that ferns stole genes from bacteria for anti-herbivory toxins.
A Johns Hopkins Medicine study found that patient education and nurse performance feedback can significantly reduce missed or refused doses of VTE-preventing drugs. The interventions resulted in a 36% drop in missed doses, with the patient education bundle showing a 44% reduction.
A Saint Louis University researcher has identified a potential treatment for 'chemo-brain', a debilitating side effect of chemotherapy that affects patients' quality of life. The treatment targets the molecular events underlying this deficit and repurposes an already-approved FDA drug to reduce cognitive impairment.
Researchers at Sanford Burnham Prebys have shown that inhibiting a key metabolic enzyme selectively kills melanoma cells and stops tumor growth. The study identifies GCDH as the crucial enzyme in metabolizing lysine and tryptophan, amino acids essential for human health.
A new study links historic redlining and ongoing segregation by race and income to a higher rate of nonfatal shootings in Baltimore's most disadvantaged neighborhoods. The researchers found that doubly disadvantaged neighborhoods experienced 24 more nonfatal shootings per 10,000 residents compared to sustainably advantaged neighborhoods.