Researchers create Automatic Surface Reconstruction framework to estimate all possible variations of material surfaces, providing detailed information on catalysts, semiconductors, and battery components. The method reduces human intuition and provides dynamic information on surface properties over time.
New research reveals that early life gene epimutations in the BRCA1 gene may increase the risk of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The study found that these epimutations occurred twice as often in girls than boys and were associated with a higher risk of TNBC, particularly in women who experienced pregnancy-related changes.
A new study by researchers at University College London found that reducing oxygen levels for critically ill children on mechanical ventilators can lead to better outcomes, including reduced days spent on machines supporting organs. This approach has the potential to improve outcomes and reduce healthcare costs globally.
A new study assesses future fire risk using multiple fire danger indices, finding that climate change will increase extreme wildfire risk and extend fire seasons. The study projects a significant increase in wildfire risk across the US, with certain regions experiencing more than 40 additional days of extreme wildfire danger per year.
Researchers analyzed 13,000 hours of audio data from Okinawan forests before, during, and after typhoons, finding that ecosystems responded differently than expected. The study suggests that developed sites were more resilient to extreme weather than anticipated, but climate change may push these ecosystems to their limits.
The Seattle Hub for Synthetic Biology will develop technologies to record the history of cells over time, revealing how changes in cells and genes influence human health and disease. This single-cell technology has the potential to revolutionize how scientists study cell biology.
Research from the University of Gothenburg found that trees surrounded by grass are stronger, taller, and cooler than those with paving close to the trunk. The study suggests investing in good soil and water for trees in urban areas where optimal conditions can be challenging.
Researchers investigate how creaky voice use varies across different areas of Sydney, finding that the area's diversity plays a significant role. The study reveals mixed results regarding the influence of gender on creaky voice use, with no statistically significant difference found between men and women.
Opioid prescribing rates from US surgeons decreased between 2016 and 2022, but rebounded after the COVID-19 pandemic. Larger prescription sizes were observed during the pandemic due to refills being difficult to obtain.
Researchers found that most US watersheds are too small and lack sufficient sediment to sustain tidal wetlands as sea levels rise. Scientists now recommend allowing wetlands to migrate upslope or restoring natural hydrology to preserve low-lying land, alongside other engineering approaches.
Researchers have successfully demonstrated controlled quantum entanglement of calcium fluoride molecules using a reconfigurable optical tweezer array. This breakthrough paves the way for developing new versatile platforms for quantum technologies.
A new software algorithm intelligently combines vocals and instrumentals from different songs, mimicking professional music composition techniques. The result is a unique blend of pleasing lyrics and exciting instrumentals that appeal to listeners, particularly hip-hop fans.
A recent Cornell University study found that wasps which can recognize individual faces tend to have better social interactions and exhibit stronger cognitive abilities than those who cannot recognize individuals. This suggests an evolutionary link between facial recognition and cooperation.
Researchers found that honeyguides in Tanzania and Mozambique discriminate among human calls, responding more readily to local than foreign calls. This complex communication system benefits both species by increasing their chances of accessing calorie-dense honey and beeswax.
Dr. Newton will study the role of fathers in promoting their children's physical activity through a proof-of-concept intervention. The study aims to understand barriers to exercise among African American families and assess the impact of social determinants on father-child interactions.
A five-year follow-up study found that younger postmenopausal patients with stage I hormone receptor-positive breast cancer who opt out of adjuvant radiotherapy have a very low risk of disease recurrence. The study suggests that this option may be safely offered to women in this age group, but longer-term follow-up is needed.
Researchers found a correlation between light precision metals like silver and rare earth nuclei like europium, indicating a consistent process operating during heavy element formation. The pattern provides a clear signature of fission creating these elements.
A recent study found that successive waves of migrations from Western Anatolia, central and northern Europe, and the Pontic-Kazakh Steppe shaped the Balkan population during the Roman Empire's reign. The influx of Slavic-speaking populations resulted in present-day residents having 30%–60% Slavic ancestry.
Researchers have identified a novel mechanism leading to motor neuron degeneration in SMA, which can be stopped by a Cdk5 inhibitor. This discovery offers a new treatment approach that could benefit all patients with SMA, including those ineligible for gene therapy.
Researchers at Weill Cornell Medicine discovered a genetic variant in the GIP receptor that may help individuals resist obesity. The variant enhances insulin release and glucose metabolism, allowing mice with the variant to process sugar more efficiently and stay leaner.
New research found that less than five minutes of daily physical activity can be beneficial for people living with inoperable lung cancer, reducing mortality rates by 60% compared to those who were largely inactive. Healthcare providers should investigate a person's levels of physical activity in early management of the disease.
Researchers developed a weeklong high school curriculum that teaches color chemistry and AI, improving students' knowledge and motivation. The curriculum uses machine learning to analyze pH levels, showing the connection between chemistry and AI in a practical application.
The study reveals a diverse landscape of software as a medical device (SaMD) with notable progress in artificial intelligence/machine learning-based devices, accounting for 22% of all FDA-approved SaMDs. Established companies focus on incremental innovations, while new entrants and start-ups drive disruptive innovation.
A recent study published in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery reports that men prefer a moderately enhanced, well-proportioned appearance for their buttocks. The findings suggest that ratings from men and women were similar in terms of preferred proportions, with a focus on symmetry and avoiding a flat or protruding shape.
Researchers at Princeton University's Chirik Group have developed a cobalt catalyst that enables meta-selective borylation of fluoroarenes based on their electronic properties. This method bypasses the need for steric control and directing groups, making it faster and more cost-effective than traditional approaches.
A research paper reveals a suburban backyard is home to 1,150 unique species of animals, plants, and fungi. The study's authors discovered unexpected diversity, including 436 moth and butterfly species, 56 spiders, and eight reptiles.
A team of researchers finds that human demand for salt comes at a cost to the environment, affecting ecosystems and human health. Salt ions have increased in streams and rivers over the last 50 years, coinciding with an increase in global salt use and production.
The study analyzed 31,700 breast augmentation cases and found changing practice patterns in surgical technique over time. The use of inframammary incisions increased, while peri-areolar incisions decreased. Submuscular implant placement also became more common, reflecting the latest research evidence.
A multinational study found that early treatment of newborns with HIV can lead to biomarkers indicative of potential medication-free remission by 2 years of age. Researchers hope to limit or prevent the establishment of viral reservoirs, increasing time in remission without daily ART.
Researchers investigated how urbanization affects interactions between plants and pollinators in a tropical city. They found that seasonal changes play a crucial role in shaping these interactions, leading to significant changes in plant-pollinator networks.
Researchers have discovered lipid fossils in ancient rocks, providing clues about the evolution of life. The findings suggest that a shift in animal feeding strategies occurred around 1.6 billion years ago, with some species abandoning phytosterol production as they obtained this nutrient from algae.
A modelling study published in Scientific Reports suggests that rising global temperatures could lead to an expansion of the green turtle's nesting range in the Mediterranean Sea. The authors found that sea surface temperature, salinity, and human population density most affect the suitability of a location as a nesting site.
A new study published in The Lancet Psychiatry calls for improved processes for developing medicines for children and young people. Experts and patients collaborated to define new parameters for the development of these medicines.
Researchers found that probiotics can limit CRC-promoting bacteria, rebalance the microbial profile, and induce targeted cancer cell death. Postbiotics derived from probiotic bacteria have also been shown to prevent CRC by limiting tumor proliferation and modulating the balance of anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic factors.
Patients with metastatic breast cancer who participated in a nine-month structured exercise program reported less fatigue and improved quality of life compared to those who did not undergo the exercise program. The study found significant improvements in physical fitness, social functioning, pain, and shortness of breath.
A team of engineers has developed a novel printing method called deep-penetrating acoustic volumetric printing (DVAP) that uses soundwaves to solidify biologically compatible structures in deep tissues. The technique involves a specialized ink that reacts to ultrasound waves, enabling the creation of intricate structures for biomedical...
Researchers developed a gene therapy approach to target the root cause of ACM, restoring plakophilin-2 levels and improving heart function. Clinical trials starting in 2024 aim to explore this approach in patients with PKP2 mutations.
Gene therapy treatments can prompt an adverse immune reaction when the body mistakenly perceives the treatment as a viral threat. Researchers have identified a critical pathway in the liver that triggers this response, but also found a way to block it, paving the way for safer and more precise gene therapy options.
African honeyguide birds understand and respond to culturally distinct signals made by local human honey hunters, indicating a rare interspecific mutualism. The study found that birds are more likely to respond to signals of their local culture than another culture or arbitrary sounds.
A Phase 2 clinical trial will study the effectiveness of a monoclonal antibody treatment, TS23, in reducing brain injury and improving outcomes for patients with acute ischemic stroke. The SISTER study aims to provide new hope for treatment and recovery for patients where time and access may have been limited.
Researchers found that adding water to coffee beans before grinding reduces static electricity, resulting in less wasted coffee and cleaner grinders. Grinding with water also produces more consistent and intense espresso. The study's findings have significant economic implications for the $343.2 billion coffee industry.
A new AI-based risk model evaluates mammographic images to identify women at high risk of developing breast cancer. The study confirms that the method works well in different European populations, with 6.2% of women classified as high-risk having almost seven times the risk of developing breast cancer.
Researchers have identified a new protein, TAF15, associated with frontotemporal dementia, a rare and debilitating condition. The discovery provides a potential therapeutic target for diagnostic tests and treatments, offering hope for patients and families affected by the disease.
Researchers found that statin therapy reduced mortality and disease risk among people with chronic kidney disease and frailty, regardless of age-related health conditions. The studies provide additional context to the debate about initiating statin use in people at high risk for heart disease.
A new Stanford Medicine-led study reveals that organs age at different rates, and when an organ's age is advanced, individuals are at heightened risk for diseases. The study found that nearly 1 in 5 healthy adults over 50 have at least one organ aging rapidly, guiding therapeutic interventions before clinical symptoms manifest.
A new study provides practical guidance for implementing governance for sharing EHR data for chronic disease surveillance, which could reduce delays and provide more accurate metrics. The approach has already shown success in the Multi-State EHR-Based Network for Disease Surveillance.
Researchers have created the first extensive map showing which genetic changes can cause disease, leading to valuable insights into neurodevelopmental disorders and cancer. The study reveals that 90% of previously unexplained genetic changes' impact on health is significant, promising speedier diagnosis and new treatment avenues.
Underrepresented racial minorities and first-generation college students show significant improvement in STEM grades with diverse classroom representation. The study found a 27% drop in grade disparity between underrepresented and non-underrepresented students, and a 56% reduction for first-generation students.
A new study evaluates effective short video concepts for tobacco control during the Chinese Lunar New Year, finding that certain designs can change behavioral intentions and cultural appropriateness. The most suitable design was a 'Gamified couple at home' style video, while another option showed promise in personal motivation but was ...
A study by Brigham researchers found that individuals with darker skin tones and more severe acne face greater stigma in social and professional settings. Participants were less likely to want to be friends or post photos with those having severe acne, particularly if they had a darker skin tone.
A study of over 50,000 Korean adolescents found that those using smartphones for more than 4 hours a day had higher rates of stress, thoughts of suicide, and substance use. In contrast, lighter users showed no greater health risks compared to non-users.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that older adults with a fear of falling tend to be less physically active. The research tracked the physical activity and sedentary behavior of 90-year-olds, revealing an average daily step count of around 3,000.
Waveguide combiners enable lightweight, high-performance augmented reality displays with expanded field of views. Designing waveguide combiner technology poses several challenges, including optimizing optical performance, manufacturability, and cost.
Research suggests that anti-obesity medications can lower the risk of premature death in people with knee or hip osteoarthritis, particularly those who experience a slow-to-moderate rate of weight loss. Studies show a 28% lower risk of death for these individuals compared to those with no weight loss.
A new study found that in many older couples, both husband and wife had high blood pressure in the U.S., England, China, and India. This association was stronger in collectivist societies like China and India, where couples are expected to depend and support each other emotionally and instrumentally.
Research finds that social factors, particularly racial and socioeconomic inequities, drive the use of scented menstrual products. The study found that Black participants were more likely to use scented products, while those with higher education levels preferred unscented options.
A review article links pesticide exposure to an increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease through alterations in the gut microbiota. The authors recommend reducing or replacing agrochemicals and implementing coordinated efforts to develop standardized biomarkers for gut integrity and microbiome changes.
Duke-NUS scientists have discovered a universal pattern in macrophages that form scars across various organs. They found two groups of macrophages with opposing roles: one promoting fibrosis and another dismantling it, which could lead to new therapies for fibrotic diseases.
A new system combines pumped hydro storage with reverse osmosis desalination to produce both electricity and freshwater. The Integrated Pumped Hydro Reverse Osmosis System (IPHROS) can supply 661,000 homes' worth of energy and water daily.
Eurasian jays wait for higher-quality food when alone but choose low-quality reward with competitor birds present. Researchers studied delayed gratification in New Caledonian crows and Eurasian jays.