Researchers propose a method to enhance thermal conductance properties of amorphous silicon metasurfaces through laser-induced crystallization, reducing temperature rises by up to 52%. Simulations show excellent light manipulation capabilities in both amorphous silicon and polysilicon metasurfaces.
Two non-retinoid compounds were identified that improve cell surface expression of rhodopsin in 36 genetic subtypes of retinitis pigmentosa and protect against retinal degeneration in mice with the disease. The treatment showed improved overall retina health and function, prolonging photoreceptor survival.
A study of over 2,000 Korean older adults found that eating pork was positively correlated with nutrient intake, diet quality, and handgrip strength. The researchers suggest that pork can act as a carrier food to promote the consumption of other healthful components of the Korean diet.
University of Birmingham researchers have been awarded a grant to study the mechanisms driving early cardiac dysfunction in CKD. The study aims to identify interventions that can reverse or prevent heart disease in its earliest stages.
A new study by researchers Valentina A. Assenova and Raphael Amit from The Wharton School reveals that cultural tightness-looseness significantly influences entrepreneurial activity worldwide. Cultural looseness explains 56% of the variation in new firm formation rates across nations.
The Vanderbilt Transplant Center achieved a world record by performing 174 adult and pediatric heart transplants in 2024. The team's success was attributed to their multidisciplinary approach, innovative practices, and ability to accept high-risk patients from other centers.
A new study reveals that college students and older adults gain weight during the holiday season, but in different ways. College students add muscle mass, while older adults gain fat. This finding highlights the importance of understanding weight and health across major life stages.
Researchers at the University of Michigan will develop shock absorbers, noise-mitigating curtains, and hardware-in-loop platforms to improve testing and durability. The projects aim to make offshore renewable energy more reliable and better neighbor to marine life.
The IP2vec model represents IP nodes based on connection relations and delay, improving geolocation accuracy. It achieves a mean geolocation error reduction of 33%, 39%, and 51% compared to Hop-Hot, IP-geolocater, and SLG algorithms.
DNNs have an inbuilt 'Occam's razor,' favouring simpler solutions that fit training data. This bias helps them generalize well on simple patterns but may struggle with complex data, aligning with real-world data characteristics.
The ePRO monitoring system significantly improved patient-physician communication and treatment explanations, supporting patient-centered cardiovascular care. The study found that the system's implementation enhanced patient outcomes and reduced healthcare disparities.
Researchers found that humans still outperform ASR systems in noisy environments, but Whisper large-v3 matched human performance in all tested conditions except naturalistic pub noise. The system's ability to process acoustic properties and map them to the intended message was impressive.
The study uses GPR and laser scanners to create a digital map of the Castle's sub-surface, revealing underground cavities and passageways. The technology provides a historical record and allows for immersive experience projects combining history and innovation.
A new study identifies loss-translocation-amplification chromothripsis as a key mechanism driving osteosarcoma tumour development and evolution. This discovery has significant implications for treatment options and patient outcomes, highlighting the importance of investing in studies exploring cancer mechanisms.
A team of researchers from Florida Atlantic University, San Diego Natural History Museum, and SeaWorld San Diego collaborate to digitize a rare vaquita skeleton, providing a valuable resource for conservation efforts. The scans resulted in three terabytes of data and will be used to create replicas for public display and education.
Researchers discovered how polarons behave in tellurene as it becomes thinner, revealing changes in electrical transport and optical properties. This knowledge could inform the design of advanced technologies like more efficient electronic devices or novel sensors.
Researchers have developed a method to stretch and immobilize single DNA molecules, enabling detailed analysis. By controlling the shear force applied through liquid pressure flow and bonding the molecule to a substrate, scientists can distinguish between tiny biomolecular features with higher precision.
Researchers at the University of New South Wales have demonstrated a novel method for quantum error detection and correction, leveraging an antimony atom's eight possible spin directions to create a robust system. This breakthrough has significant implications for building reliable quantum computers.
A new species of giant isopod, Bathynomus vaderi, has been discovered in Vietnamese waters, reaching lengths of up to 32.5 cm and weighing over a kilogram. The species was named after Darth Vader's iconic helmet and has become an expensive delicacy in Vietnam.
UC Irvine and Columbia University researchers created a biocompatible sensor implant that monitors neurological functions through successive phases of a patient's development. The device uses organic polymer materials and can conform to organ structures as they grow.
A recent NUS Medicine study found that a molecule called DUSP6 plays a major role in helping colorectal cancer grow, with higher levels linked to poorer prognosis and decreased survival. Researchers suggest blocking DUSP6 could lead to new therapies for CRC treatment.
Researchers from UNIGE-HUG Centre and MSF successfully demonstrated the effectiveness of a hepatitis E vaccine in an outbreak in Bentiu, South Sudan. The study showed that two doses of the vaccine reduced the incidence of the disease and provided protection against severe symptoms.
A recent study has discovered that saliva contains special vesicles with extrinsic tenase complexes, which trigger rapid coagulation of the blood in haemophilic patients. This finding provides significant contributions to understanding the disease and its treatment options.
A new study using a novel mouse strain expressing Halo-tagged SOCS1 reveals that the inhibitor needs to exceed a threshold level to suppress GM-CSF and IFN-gamma signaling. The findings emphasize SOCS1's crucial function in modulating cytokine signaling.
Researchers developed a gene-editing treatment that reduces prion protein levels in the brain by up to 60% and extends mouse lifespan by about 50%. The base-editing approach could lead to a one-time treatment for prion disease patients.
Researchers from the University of Guelph studied plant-based proteins and their interaction with fat matrices to improve the quality of vegan cheeses. They found that a blend of pea protein, sunflower oil, and coconut oil created a cheese with a firm texture and lower saturated fat content.
A recent study found that biomass burning products are toxic to human lung cells, causing inflammation and oxidative stress. The research emphasizes the need for extended air quality networks across the European Union to monitor key biomass burning markers.
Researchers investigated the functional roles of epigenetic modifier SETD2, finding its catalytic activity essential for embryonic development and H3K36me3 levels. Noncatalytic functions were observed, suggesting alternative mechanisms for gene regulation in specific contexts.
A new Australian study found that IVF pregnancies had the highest exposure to teratogenic medicines during the first trimester, compared to naturally conceived pregnancies. The risk was linked to medications used as additional treatment following ART to prevent repeat miscarriages or failed implantation.
Marie Bo&r's $875,000 grant will fund her project to learn more about partons from an experimental and phenomenological point of view. Her goal is to understand the static and dynamic properties of quarks when confined in a nucleon, with potential implications for the study of radioactivity.
A survey conducted by Professor Takahiro Endo at Osaka Metropolitan University found that Hiroshima Prefecture provided a free water inspection service for well owners after the 2018 floods, promoting their initiative to open inspected wells to the public. This collaborative effort supplemented local governments' emergency water supply...
Researchers at UVA have developed computer models to target specific bacteria in specific parts of the body, reducing the chance of antibiotic resistance. This approach could lead to more effective treatments and reduce the need for broad-spectrum antibiotics.
A University of Michigan study finds that 85% of Mexican Americans with dementia are unaware of their diagnosis, surpassing the overall rate for US Hispanics and Latinos. The lack of awareness is attributed to physicians' reluctance to diagnose dementia due to cultural and communication barriers.
A restrictive episiotomy policy implemented in France has led to a decrease in episiotomy rates and anal sphincter injuries during labor. However, further research is necessary to determine the optimal rate of episiotomies and assess potential risks to specific subgroups.
Mayo Clinic is developing foundation models with Microsoft Research and Cerebras Systems to personalize patient care, accelerating diagnostic time and improving accuracy. These multimodal models integrate radiology images and genomic sequencing data to transform clinical diagnosis and treatment.
A randomised controlled trial found integrating lifestyle support into back pain care reduced disability by 1.3 points and helped participants lose an average of 1.6kg more than the control group
A recent UC Irvine-led study found that nursing homes experiencing staffing instability see changes in their Five-Star Quality Rating System scores. Adding this metric would empower families and encourage facilities to prioritize consistent staffing.
Researchers developed a supramolecular probe with enhanced phosphorescence properties for biological imaging and sensing. The probe demonstrated outstanding stability, biocompatibility, and specificity in viscosity response, enabling real-time visualization of critical physiological processes in cells and in vivo biosensing.
The American Association for Anatomy (AAA) has announced the recipients of its 2025 Spring Awards, honoring excellence in various fields of study. The awards include the Henry Gray Scientific Award, A.J. Ladman Exemplary Service Award, and others.
Researchers evaluated the noise impact of offshore wind farms on fishes and dolphins in the Pearl River Estuary. The study found that pile driving noise during construction can significantly affect marine animals, with predicted impact zones varying by species.
Scientists at Salk Institute discovered that removing bile acid-creating protein BAAT and adding bile acid UDCA controls tumor growth in mice with liver cancer. UDCA supplements may be a quick solution to improving liver cancer patient outcomes.
Scientists develop novel approach using Cry14 protein to combat soybean cyst nematode (SCN), a major soybean pest. The research demonstrates that Cry14 reduces SCN population in soybean roots, leading to higher yields and potential resistance against native traits.
Researchers are pinpointing areas of high overdose frequency to implement targeted interventions, including naloxone kits and fentanyl test strips. The study aims to reduce overdose deaths and improve access to life-saving resources in underserved communities.
Researchers developed an AI model to detect brain cancer spread in surrounding tissue using MRI scans, showing 85-per-cent accuracy. This non-surgical method offers insights into patients' cancer without aggressive surgery, potentially improving treatment and survival.
A recent study found that both men and women with greater upper body strength tend to have more lifetime sexual partners. Despite theories suggesting men's strength is linked to reproductive success, the research suggests that physical strength may play a role in mating success for both sexes.
A large UK trial found that adding procalcitonin (PCT) to routine care did not reduce IV antibiotic use in hospitalized children. The study, part of the BATCH trial, enrolled nearly 2,000 children and tested PCT's effectiveness in guiding treatment decisions.
A new method, ISM, mixes locally similar regions in two intra-class time series to improve feature diversity and expand the data scale, leading to better classification performance. The proposed approach is compared to existing methods on ten representative datasets from UCR2018, showing improved results with reduced computational cost.
Researchers developed an energy-autonomous facade system that adapts to weather using bioinspired design and additive manufacturing. The 'Solar Gate' system harnesses hygromorphism, a property of cellulose, to open and close autonomously without electrical energy.
A study of ancient Roman teeth reveals that urban dwellers weaned their babies earlier than rural communities, following medical recommendations similar to those in modern cities. The findings support the idea that cities act as information hubs and offer more medical resources, leading to closer adherence to expert health guidelines.
Researchers at the University of Bonn have developed a new training technique for highly efficient AI methods, inspired by biological neurons that use short voltage pulses to communicate. This approach enables spiking neural networks to be trained using conventional methods, resulting in improved accuracy and reduced energy consumption.
The study found that Jinfeng pill treatment improved ovarian size, follicle development, and hormone levels in POR rat model. The combination therapy produced the most significant improvements, including increased VEGF expression and balanced hormones.
The KAIST research team developed a highly stretchable microelectrode array to monitor organoids' functions, enabling real-time analysis of their states. The technology showed promise in high-throughput drug screening applications, revealing changes in signal characteristics according to size and identifying potential drug interactions.
Researchers studied rats navigating an L-shape track with a food-guarding robot. The rats created neurological maps of places to avoid after experiencing negative events and thought about these locations even after leaving the area. This finding provides insight into the neuroscience of common psychological conditions like anxiety.
The University of Virginia has been awarded a $318,190 grant to develop an electromagnetic levitation system for studying ultra-high-temperature ceramics. This system enables researchers to study materials in their solid and molten states, unlocking new possibilities for aerospace, defense, and industrial applications.
A new study has identified five species of root-lesion nematodes in maize fields across New Zealand, revealing significant diversity and regional distribution patterns. The discovery highlights the need for targeted pest management strategies to protect crop yields and maintain agricultural productivity.
Obesity increases cancer risk via chronic low-grade inflammation, hormonal disturbances, and gut microbiota dysregulation. Prevention strategies include weight management through diet and exercise, bariatric surgery, and pharmacotherapy.
Dopamine plays a lesser-known role in learning from punishment, which is less understood than its role in reward systems. Bioengineer Helen Schwerdt aims to investigate this phenomenon using novel neural interfaces and sustained dopamine monitoring.
New research reveals viruses play a significant role in carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles. Viral aggregation is proposed to describe the accumulation of lytic products in soil/sediment environments.
Temperate savannas in eastern China have been mapped for the first time, revealing their geographical distribution and extent. The research provides precise information on the spatial characteristics of these ecosystems, supporting conservation and utilization efforts.
The study finds that only seven percent of announced green hydrogen production capacity has been completed on time, highlighting the need for more competitive projects. Researchers recommend using demand-side instruments like binding quotas to channel green hydrogen into sectors with high energy demands.