A team of researchers at UConn has developed a novel line of bovine embryonic stem cells, which have significant potential for lab-grown meat and human tissue replacement. The cells can be induced into muscle and fat cells to produce meat products and also have applications in medical research and disease-resistant cattle development.
Scientists have successfully grown human norovirus in the lab for up to 15 consecutive passages, enabling comprehensive studies of viral structure, antiviral drug screening, and vaccine development. The breakthrough uses a drug called TAK 779 to overcome host restrictions, allowing researchers to produce stable virus stocks.
A recent study by PLOS reveals that large increases in PM2.5 exposure from wildfires have overshadowed gains made in reducing air pollution disparities in traditional sources, particularly among California's racial groups.
New research reveals oyster filter feeding significantly reduces transmission of deadly Hematodinium perezi parasite in Chesapeake Bay's juvenile blue crabs. Oysters eliminated over 60% of parasites within an hour, reducing infection risk by one-third.
A new report by Anglia Ruskin University and the University of York identifies key weaknesses in the UK's food system and recommends interventions to prevent disruptions from escalating into a crisis. The study suggests increasing energy security, diversifying food value chains, and promoting varied diets to reduce risks.
Researchers aim to develop a blood test that can determine a person's entire infection history by analyzing T-cell receptor analysis and sequencing. This could provide an indication of which pathogens they are immune to, improving diagnosis and treatment.
The updated guidelines provide a unified framework for evaluating residual viable tumor, necrosis, and regression after presurgical treatment. The new criteria demonstrate high reproducibility across different tumor types and pathologists, providing a foundation for standardized data collection and improved patient care.
A new study has detected a DNA marker in a key enzyme gene that helps mosquitoes break down and survive pyrethroid insecticides. This finding can inform better implementation of resistance management strategies and reduce the burden of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa.
Research shows that methadone and buprenorphine prescriptions have risen significantly since 2010, reducing opioid-related deaths by half. However, only a quarter of individuals with opioid use disorder receive medication treatment, highlighting the need for expanded access to these life-saving medications.
The Big Earth Data journal is launching a special issue to reflect on its decade-long impact and showcase cutting-edge advancements in big data research. The journal focuses on Earth-related big data, emerging as a flagship platform at the intersection of Earth science, space science, information science, and sustainability science.
Recent research highlights thriving as a cornerstone of high-quality aged care, encompassing medical, social, and psychosocial competencies. Factors influencing thriving include resident attitude, care quality, activities, environment, and health.
New research reveals that lithium metal battery failures are governed by tightly coupled electrochemical, chemical, and mechanical processes. The study provides a unified framework for diagnosing failure and designing safer batteries.
A new study published in Risk Sciences investigates the potential of big data and modern predictor-selection methods to improve health insurance risk assessment. The analysis reveals that adding big data, particularly from smartphone use, improves out-of-sample prediction compared to traditional underwriting information.
A digital serious game called NeurekaNUM has been developed to address mathematical difficulties in children with dyscalculia. The program significantly improves mathematical performance and is the first method with scientific evidence for detection and early intervention of this disorder.
Researchers developed a photo-electroactive bifunctional catalyst integrating cobalt active sites, enhancing oxygen reduction and evolution reactions under light irradiation. The system achieved higher power output, improved energy efficiency, and long cycling stability in zinc-air batteries.
A review of 30 years of AI-driven electrocatalysis research highlights five structural bottlenecks and introduces transformative technologies. Machine-learning interatomic potentials and physics-informed models enable predictive and interpretable simulations, while autonomous 'robotic electrochemists' integrate AI decision-making with ...
A new study has identified the power of influencer marketing in overcoming psychological resistance to recycling tap water. The research found that sensory and emotional content on Instagram is more effective than rational arguments in encouraging sustainable consumption, making recycled tap water more appealing through mental imagery.
Researchers develop a nanocomposite thermistor that combines VO2(B) and V2O5 phases to overcome thermal imaging limitations. The composite achieves high temperature sensitivity, strong infrared responsivity, and fast response times at elevated temperatures.
A team developed a catheter-based approach to treat defective mechanical aortic valves, avoiding high-risk open-heart surgery. The procedure, known as mechanical valve-in-valve (ViMech), was successfully applied in three human patients with severely damaged mechanical valves and extremely high surgical risk.
Researchers develop a new method to fabricate micro-supercapacitors with graphene hybrid nanostructured electrodes, achieving high power density and energy density. The technique enables precise control over electrode materials and structures, leading to improved device performance.
Researchers develop a sub-terahertz biosensor that leverages band folding to distinguish cancer cells based on their unique dielectric properties, enabling rapid and non-invasive screening. The sensor detects distinct shifts in transmission spectra as malignancy increases, bridging physics and biology.
Researchers identify manganese as a promising pathway to reduce dependence on scarce precious metals in acidic water electrolysis. Manganese-based materials offer exceptional stability and performance enhancement in next-generation hydrogen production technologies.
A self-regulating, implantable living technology has been developed to offer hope for millions with diabetes. The implant continuously senses blood-glucose levels, produces insulin within itself, and releases the exact amount needed, eliminating the need for daily injections.
Researchers developed a new approach to treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) using noninvasive brain stimulation, which significantly reduced intrusive memories in individuals with the condition. The treatment targeted the hippocampus and surrounding regions, showing promising results in alleviating PTSD symptoms.
Researchers discovered that ATG triggers rapid clotting and inflammation in the liver by activating a complement activation system and TGF-β pathway, leading to severe side effects. The study used human organoid models and imaging analysis to reveal the biphasic mechanism of ATG-induced liver injury.
Researchers successfully decode 10 weak classical signals simultaneously using continuous-variable quantum dense coding in 20-km fiber channels. The channel capacity of deterministic entanglement-assisted quantum communication is increased compared to classical communication with coherent state.
Bielefeld University has been honoured by the European Union with its 'Sustainable Gender Equality Champion' award. The institution is recognized for its strategic gender equality work and commitment to promoting equal opportunities nationwide.
A new study found that hormone therapy after age 65 remains risky, but effective for some women, emphasizing the need for personalized risk assessments and monitoring. Women aged 65+ were more likely to experience health issues like cancer, cardiovascular events, and osteoporosis with hormone therapy.
The Janus meta-imager uses diffractive deep neural networks and metasurfaces to perform asymmetric imaging tasks in both forward and backward directions. It enables all-optical encryption and high-density optical data storage with minimal energy consumption.
The METAGROLAND project aims to improve environmental farming schemes by studying plant-pollinator interactions and land manager networks. Key findings include the development of practical guidance for agri-environmental schemes that align ecological processes with real-world management.
A new bilayer perovskite strategy improves long-term stability in solar cells by combining a hybrid organic-inorganic absorber with an ultrathin inorganic capping layer. The approach delivers record-level efficiency together with exceptional operational stability, demonstrating a viable pathway toward durable, high-performance perovski...
A new Texas A&M University study found that high doses of antioxidants can negatively influence sperm DNA and lead to craniofacial development differences in offspring. Men should exercise caution when consuming antioxidant supplements if they're planning to have children soon.
A new stabilization approach for perovskite solar cells effectively blocks photo-induced decomposition pathways, delivering a certified power conversion efficiency above 26%. The strategy suppresses radical reactions responsible for light-induced degradation by scavenging reactive oxygen species and passivating electronic defects.
A HKUST research team developed an innovative urban food waste management framework analyzing food waste data from 29 large cities worldwide. The study shows that grinding food waste and diverting it into sewage systems can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 47% and lower total waste-management costs by 11%.
Researchers found a synthetic protein, recombinant factor VIIa, can reduce bleeding in patients with a 'spot sign' on CT brain imaging who are treated within 90 minutes of stroke onset. These patients also experienced better outcomes and reduced ICH growth.
A new study from Tohoku University and other international researchers has found that an anomalous dust storm on Mars can drive the transport of water to the upper layers of the atmosphere, leading to significant water loss. This discovery opens a new path for understanding how Mars lost much of its water over time.
Researchers have developed a chemical-free method to upcycle waste chitin into high-performance porous carbons, which can efficiently capture and release hydrocarbons. The materials' pore structure can be precisely tuned through steam activation time, leading to improved adsorption and desorption performance.
Researchers report a novel intersection among quantum optics, atomic physics, and precision metrology with the achievement of sub-shot-noise optical readout in a Rydberg atomic medium. The study utilizes velocity-selective Rydberg EIT to enable low-loss optical interface and coherent propagation of squeezed light.
Researchers create ultra-coherent and efficient photonic integrated circuits by extending optical fiber's ultralow loss performance to silicon wafers. This breakthrough paves the way for precision measurements, AI data-center communications, and quantum computing applications.
Researchers introduce a new strategy using natural wood as a structural scaffold for conductive eutectogels, enabling mechanically robust and environmentally stable materials. The resulting eutectogel achieves high tensile strength, toughness, and ionic conductivity, making it suitable for wearable electronics and smart sensing systems.
Researchers have developed a hybrid-phase cooperative dispersion-engineering strategy to unlock independent, dual-spin achromatic wavefront control in a single-layer metasurface. This breakthrough enables truly independent dual-spin control of phase and group delay within a compact platform.
A compact sensor achieves multispecies gas detection with high selectivity and sensitivity, utilizing nanomaterial-functionalized fibers and Kerr soliton dual-microcombs. The system successfully identified 12 distinct components in complex gas mixtures, achieving record-low detection limits.
Researchers used CRISPR/Cas9 to introduce a popcorn-like fragrance to tomatoes by disrupting the BADH2 gene. The resulting aroma enhances sensory appeal and flavor quality without affecting plant growth or agronomic traits.
Researchers developed a highly accurate computer model to simulate the entire tunnel excavation process, comparing ground anchors and pre-support pipes. The study found that a combined lining and anchor system is sufficient to control rock stress and deformation in deep mountain tunnels.
Physicists have developed a new terahertz microscope that allows them to observe quantum vibrations in superconducting materials for the first time. The microscope enables researchers to study properties that could lead to room-temperature superconductors and identify materials that emit and receive terahertz radiation.
Researchers from CAMH and RWTH Aachen deciphered the molecular signature of sleeping nociceptors, a type of pain-sensing nerve cell that drives chronic pain. The findings reveal specific molecular hallmarks, including OSMR and Nav1.9, which could lead to the development of targeted therapies.
New research suggests that parts of ancient Earth formed continents and recycled crust through subduction over 4 billion years ago. The study of zircons found in Western Australia challenges models that considered early Earth as a stagnant, unmoving 'lid' with no continental crust.
A new AI-powered analysis tool called PROVIZ is being tested in Norwegian hospitals to diagnose prostate cancer. The tool helps doctors determine which patients need a biopsy, reducing the number of unnecessary procedures.
A high-radiation-tolerance GaN detector was fabricated to enable real-time two-dimensional position detection of individual alpha particles and xenon heavy ions. The detector exhibited stable operation at radiation levels significantly higher than those tolerated by conventional Si-based detectors.
Programs promoting equity, diversity, and inclusion initiatives in healthcare institutions are associated with an increased workforce. These programs support a more inclusive and equitable health care culture, according to the systematic review and meta-analysis.
A new synthesis challenges the dominant handicap principle theory, arguing that honesty evolves when it's beneficial and deception is costly. The Signalling Trade-Off Theory suggests that trade-offs between investments and benefits define whether deception or honesty emerges.
OpenScholar, an open-source AI model, was designed to synthesize current scientific research and cite sources accurately. The model outperformed other state-of-the-art models in accuracy, writing quality, and relevance.
A team of researchers has discovered an oral compound that selectively induces the mammalian clock gene Per1, promoting a dual E-box DNA element's activation. This results in the advancement of both central and peripheral clocks, advancing jet lag and shift work-related sleep disorders.
Engineered yeast cells can mimic real cancer cells and be used to test new cancer immunotherapies much faster and cheaper than before. This new technology enables researchers to assess which CAR T variants are most promising much more quickly, leading to safer and more targeted cancer treatments.
Researchers at the Netherlands Cancer Institute developed a deep learning model PARM that predicts gene regulation with unprecedented accuracy. The model enables the prediction of functional impact of regulatory mutations in specific cell types, opening new paths for cancer diagnostics and patient stratification.
A new study found semaglutide to be an effective treatment for preventing secondary cardiovascular disease in US adults. The medication meets conventional thresholds when used alone, but its cost-effectiveness is improved with combination therapy.
Chronic cellular stress drives liver cell cancer growth, suppressing immune response. Activated ATF6α makes tumors responsive to immunotherapy, opening up new therapeutic approaches.
A new study identifies the somato-cognitive action network (SCAN) as responsible for Parkinson's disease symptoms, which can be treated with non-invasive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Targeting this network improves symptoms more than twice as much as treatments targeting nearby brain areas.
Researchers have created a new comparative model that accelerates muscle loss in zebrafish, allowing for the study of sarcopenia and potential therapies. The 'atrofish' model reveals early structural vulnerabilities in aging muscle and a surprising link between muscle loss and nerve degeneration.
A ketogenic diet was found to have a modest effect in reducing depressive symptoms in patients with treatment-resistant depression. The study's results suggest that this dietary approach may be worth exploring as an adjunct therapy option.