Gene signature may improve colon cancer treatment
Researchers identify a gene signature that predicts colon cancer recurrence and death, allowing for personalized chemotherapy targeting and avoiding toxic treatments.
Search results for “Biostatistics”
1,000+ results for "Biostatistics"
Study: Choice between stroke-prevention procedures influenced by patient age
Researchers found that younger patients (age 69 and younger) benefit from stenting, while older patients (over 70) are more suited to surgery. This study provides valuable risk/benefit information to help physicians choose the best carotid procedure based on individual health history.
Half of Americans live more than an hour away from lifesaving stroke care
A new Penn study reveals that nearly 135 million Americans are over an hour away from primary stroke centers, where timely treatment is crucial. The study suggests using medical helicopters to transport patients faster and proposes lower-cost solutions such as inter-hospital referral networks and telemedical technology.
Online programs improve fruit and vegetable consumption
Researchers at Henry Ford Hospital found that online programs providing practical tips on fruits and vegetables increased participants' daily intake by more than two servings. Many participants continued using the program and reported involving their family members.
Review and approval of oncology and hematology drugs at FDA from 2005 to 2007
Over a two and half year period, the FDA approved 53 new oncology and hematology drugs, including 39 receiving regular approval and nine accelerated approval. Most approvals were based on single-arm, non-randomized controlled trials.
SourceJournal of the National Cancer Institute·JournalJNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute·DateJan 29, 2010
UI research: PCBs found in soon-to-be-dredged Indiana Harbor and Ship Canal
Researchers confirm high levels of PCBs in IHSC sediments, sparking concerns about dredging's environmental impact. The study highlights the need for further investigation into the effects of dredging on sediment PCB levels and potential health hazards to humans.
Air pollution linked to hospitalizations for pneumonia in seniors
Research by McMaster University scientist Mark Loeb found that long-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide and fine particulate matter increases the risk of hospitalization for pneumonia in adults aged 65 and older. Exposure to air pollution may compromise lung immune defenses, making individuals more susceptible to pneumonia.
SourceMcMaster University·JournalAmerican Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine·DateDec 23, 2009
Variable doses of radiation raise safety concerns for CT procedures
A new study reveals significant variation in radiation doses for CT procedures, with some patients receiving up to 13-fold more exposure than others. The research highlights the need for standardization to reduce the risk of cancer associated with CT scans.
SourceUniversity of California - San Francisco·JournalArchives of Internal Medicine·DateDec 14, 2009
Cigarettes harbor many pathogenic bacteria: Study
A new study found that cigarettes are contaminated with numerous human bacterial pathogens, including Acinetobacter, Bacillus, Burkholderia, Clostridium, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These bacteria may contribute to both infectious and chronic illnesses in smokers and secondhand smoke exposed individuals.
People with less education could be more susceptible to the flu
A new study by University of Michigan researchers found that people with less education are more likely to get H1N1 and the flu vaccine may be less effective in them. The study suggests that lower socioeconomic status can make it harder for adults of all ages to fight off new infections.
News brief: Detecting overall survival benefit derived from progression-free survival
A new study suggests that progression-free survival (PFS) is a reasonable primary endpoint for clinical trials of metastatic cancer when the median survival post-progression (SPP) is less than 6 months. However, PFS benefit does not always translate to overall survival (OS) benefit in cases where SPP is longer than 12 months.
SourceJournal of the National Cancer Institute·JournalJNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute·DateNov 9, 2009
Weight training boosts breast cancer survivors' body image and intimate relationship satisfaction
Breast cancer survivors who lifted weights regularly felt better about their bodies and had improved intimate relationships, according to a new study. The weight lifting also helped alleviate lymphedema symptoms and boosted emotional empowerment.
SourceUniversity of Pennsylvania School of Medicine·JournalBreast Cancer Research and Treatment·DateNov 3, 2009
UM scientists create fruit fly model to help unravel genetics of human diabetes
Researchers at the University of Maryland have created a fruit fly model to study the genetics of human diabetes. The model uses genetic approaches to delete specific genes involved in insulin production, resulting in elevated blood sugar levels and symptoms similar to human Type 1 diabetes.
Hutchinson Center researcher secures $7.9 million NCI grant for esophageal cancer research
A large-scale genome-wide association study will be conducted to investigate the interplay between genetic and environmental factors in Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. The study aims to identify biological pathways contributing to this rapidly fatal cancer.
Do drug therapies raise risk of bladder cancer?
A Dartmouth study has found that patients taking immunosuppressive drugs such as glucocorticoids may be at higher risk of developing bladder cancer. The research examined the long-term use of glucocorticoids in 786 bladder-cancer patients and 1,083 control subjects, revealing a potential link between the two.
$4 million NCI grant funds comparative effectiveness research at Southwest Oncology Group
A $4 million NCI grant will fund comparative effectiveness research on cancer at the Southwest Oncology Group. The Center for Comparative Effectiveness Research in Cancer Genomics will evaluate emerging genomics technologies to identify promising treatments.
Impaired fetal growth increases risk of asthma
A new study published in Pediatrics reveals that children born with low birth weight are at a higher risk of developing asthma later in life. The study, which analyzed data from 10,918 twins, suggests that impaired fetal growth affects lung development and contributes to the development of asthma.
Teenagers and ACL: Tears common and additional surgery likely
A new study published in JBJS found that teenagers and young adults are more likely to need subsequent knee surgery after ACL reconstruction. The study analyzed over 70,000 patients and found that those under 20 years old had an 82% increased risk for additional ACL surgery.
SourceAmerican Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons·JournalJournal of Bone and Joint Surgery·DateOct 2, 2009
UT Houston, Jamaica researchers launch autism study
Researchers from UT Houston and Jamaica are launching a two-year, $300,000 study to explore the potential connection between genes and toxic metals in causing autism spectrum disorders. The study aims to identify specific genes that may interact with exposure to toxins like mercury, lead, and arsenic.
Lifting weights reduces lymphedema symptoms following breast cancer surgery, Penn research shows
A new study from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine found that weightlifting can help reduce lymphedema symptoms in breast cancer survivors. The research challenges traditional advice and suggests a slowly progressive weight-lifting routine can be beneficial for women with lymphedema.
SourceUniversity of Pennsylvania School of Medicine·JournalNew England Journal of Medicine·DateAug 12, 2009
LSTM leads project to develop HIV/AIDS strategy for Libya
A €1 million grant from the European Commission will support LSTM in developing a national HIV strategy and programme of support for Libya. The project aims to address Libya's priority issues for HIV prevention and care by analyzing data and drawing evidence-based conclusions.
Tuberculosis drugs under development expected to have major impact on the disease
New vaccines, drug regimens, and diagnostics under development have the potential to significantly impact tuberculosis. The study predicts a 39-52% decrease in TB incidence through vaccination, while new drug regimens could reduce incidence by 10-27%. Diagnostic tools may also contribute to improved outcomes.
SourceFred Hutchinson Cancer Center·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateAug 3, 2009
Heavy drinkers face significantly increased cancer risk
A Montreal study links heavy consumption of beer and spirits to an increased risk of six different cancers, including oesophageal, colon, lung, pancreatic, liver, and prostate cancer. Heavy drinkers face a sevenfold increased risk of esophageal cancer and an 80% higher risk of colon cancer.
Study finds human population expanded during late Stone Age
A study found that human populations began to expand in size in Africa around 40,000 years ago, supporting the hypothesis that population growth played a significant role in the evolution of human cultures. The research used genetic evidence and computational approaches to simulate the evolution of genetic lineages over time.
Genetic finding could lead to targeted therapy for neuroblastoma
A genetic glitch called copy number variation in a single chromosome is associated with neuroblastoma. Researchers have identified this link, which could lead to the development of targeted therapies for the disease.
St. Gallen consensus 2009: A radically different approach to treating early breast cancer
The report emphasizes the importance of identifying specific types of breast cancer and tailoring treatment to individual patients. It recommends adjuvant endocrine therapy for most patients with oestrogen receptor-positive tumours, anti-HER2 therapy for HER2-positive disease, and chemotherapy for triple-negative disease.
Researchers estimate risk of transmission of Huntington's disease to offspring among male carriers
Researchers estimated the probability of male carriers having a child with Huntington's disease, finding it ranges from 1/6,241 to 1/951. This estimate provides a baseline for genetic counselors and high normal allele carriers for family planning.
SourceBoston University School of Medicine·JournalAmerican Journal of Medical Genetics·DateJun 9, 2009
Biologist discovers pink-winged moth in Chiricahua Mountains
A new species of pink-winged moth, Lithophane leeae, has been identified by University of Arizona biologist Bruce Walsh in the Chiricahua Mountains. The discovery highlights the region's vast biodiversity and suggests that more individuals may exist, considering the moth's habits.
Computer simulation captures immune response to flu
Researchers have developed a new computer simulation model that captures the human immune response to influenza type A, predicting treatment design and pandemic preparedness. The model reveals that drugs and vaccines targeting dendritic cell presentation of antigens have a significant impact on patient outcomes.
Mayo Clinic-led researchers confirm gene variants associated with the most common adult leukemia
Researchers have confirmed six gene variants linked to chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the most common adult leukemia in the US. The study found that patients with CLL are more likely to have these genetic changes, increasing their risk of developing the disease.
Surgeons slow to learn keyhole surgery for prostate cancer
Research shows that surgeons operating on prostate cancer patients face a steep learning curve when switching to laparoscopic surgery. Patients may be at increased risk of cancer recurrence if treated by inexperienced surgeons. To minimize this risk, specialist cancer centers with experienced surgeons are recommended.
US hospital use of electronic health records abysmally low, says new study
A new study reveals that less than 2% of US hospitals have comprehensive electronic health records, while 8% use basic EHRs in at least one care unit. The barriers to adoption include high costs and interoperability issues.
Omega-3 fatty acids reduce risk of advanced prostate cancer
Men with high long chain omega-3 fatty acid intake had a reduced risk of aggressive prostate cancer by 63%, while those with low intake and the COX-2 variant saw a five-fold increased risk. Omega-3 fatty acids also appeared to counteract the increased risk associated with the COX-2 variant.
10 genes identified in connection with sudden cardiac death
Researchers have identified 10 genes linked to changes in QT interval duration, a key factor in sudden cardiac death. The discovery could help identify individuals at risk and aid pharmaceutical companies in developing safer drugs.
Heart failure strikes younger African-Americans at the same rate as older Caucasians
Heart failure is striking younger African-Americans, with one in 100 developing the condition at an average age of 39, compared to Caucasians in their fifties. The study emphasizes the importance of addressing risk factors like hypertension and obesity in young adults to prevent heart failure.
Dr. Hujoel receives IADR Behavioral, Epidemiological and Health Services Research Award
Dr. Philippe Hujoel, a professor at the University of Washington School of Dentistry, is recognized for his outstanding achievements in behavioral science and health services research. He has published over 70 peer-reviewed papers on periodontal disease processes and oral-healthrelated quality of life.
Finding and synthesizing the best evidence on gene-disease associations
A systematic review methodology is proposed to collate and synthesize high-quality research evidence on gene-disease associations. The approach emphasizes identifying true genetic associations amidst a large volume of false positives.
Lack of insurance drives El Pasoans across the border for healthcare
A study found that one-third of El Paso residents cross the US-Mexico border to purchase medication and healthcare services. The lack of health insurance in El Paso is directly associated with this phenomenon.
Genetic information personalizes warfarin prescribing
A model predicting warfarin doses based on genetic information and clinical factors shows improved results, particularly for patients at high risk of bleeding or clotting. The study suggests personalized medicine holds promise in optimizing medication treatment.
Statins pay off on a health-policy level, UCSF study finds
A new UCSF study using the Coronary Heart Disease Policy Model found that adherence to 2001 NCEP guidelines would be cost-effective in preventing and managing coronary heart disease, saving 20,000 heart attacks and 10,000 CHD deaths annually. Statin costs become negligible when prices fall below 50 cents per pill.
Are we selling personalized medicine before its time?
A study published in PLoS Genetics found that genetic screening for diseases like cancer and heart disease may not accurately predict individual risk due to limited genetic variants associated with each condition. This limits the effectiveness of personalized genetic testing currently offered by companies.
Language performance and differences in brain activity possibly affected by sex
Researchers found differences in activation strength between male and female groups on a verbal fluency task, with women scoring higher than men. The study suggests that sex differences may be related to both performance level and neurocognitive variations.
Weight loss reduces incontinence in obese women, UCSF study shows
A study by researchers at UCSF found that behavioral weight-loss programs can significantly reduce urinary incontinence in overweight and obese women. Participants who lost an average of 17 pounds experienced a 47% reduction in incontinence episodes compared to those in the control group.
SourceUniversity of California - San Francisco·JournalNew England Journal of Medicine·DateJan 28, 2009
Twin study: Diabetes significantly increases risk for Alzheimer's disease and other dementia
A twin study found that getting diabetes before 65 significantly increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease and other dementia. The study also suggests that maintaining a healthy lifestyle during adulthood can reduce this risk.
Scientists unmask genetic markers associated with psoriasis
Researchers have discovered DNA hotspots associated with psoriasis, an autoimmune disease characterized by skin patches and joint pain. The study identified four novel genes linked to the condition, providing potential targets for new treatments.
'Stroke Belt' deaths tied to nontraditional risk factors
A new study by researchers at the University of Alabama at Birmingham found that geographic and racial differences do not fully explain the South's higher stroke death rate, with a greater-than 40 percent higher mortality rate in eight southeastern states.
Charting HIV's rapidly changing journey in the body
A new study found that HIV's rate of evolution slows significantly when a patient's CD4+ T-cell count drops, which can happen long before symptoms of AIDS appear. This change allows the immune system to keep up with the virus, potentially making it harder for it to develop resistance to treatment.
New genes present drug targets for managing cholesterol and glucose levels
Researchers discovered 30 genetic variants associated with cholesterol levels, including 11 new ones, which could lead to more effective therapies. The study also found links between melatonin, sleep patterns, and small increases in glucose levels, increasing the risk of diabetes.
Research demonstrates differing genetic makeup of lung cancer in African-American patients
A study found that African-American patients with non-small cell lung cancer have a higher copy number of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene, predicting better long-term outcomes when taking erlotinib and gefitinib. Few EGFR mutations were observed, highlighting the need for more research in this patient population.
Study finds rise in rate of diagnostic imaging in managed care
A study found a significant increase in radiology tests in managed care settings, with an average cost per patient increasing by $214 over 10 years. Newer technologies like CT and MRI scans also saw a rise, but their use was not as efficient as expected.
Heart failure hospitalization rates rise among nation's seniors
The study found that heart failure hospitalization rates have increased dramatically among seniors in the US, with a 131% rise from 1980 to 2006. This trend is particularly concerning for women, who experienced a higher annual percentage increase rate than men.
Better instructions reduce complications among patients using common blood thinner
Patients who receive written and verbal instructions on proper warfarin use are less likely to experience gastrointestinal and brain bleeding problems. Improved doctor-patient communication may also prevent a substantial number of injuries and resulting hospitalizations.
SourceUniversity of Pennsylvania School of Medicine·JournalJournal of General Internal Medicine·DateOct 27, 2008
Scientists close in on method to fight deadly childhood cancer
Researchers at the University of Florida have discovered a way to short-circuit genetic processes that contribute to neuroblastomas. By targeting the ALK gene, they found that certain mutations can be sensitive to a small molecule inhibitor, potentially leading to new drug treatments.
Tamoxifen chemoprevention tied to early detection of breast cancer
Researchers discovered that tamoxifen can reduce the median time to diagnosis of ER-negative breast cancer by a year, improving detection rates through mammography. The study suggests an unexpected link between tamoxifen use and earlier disease identification in high-risk patients.
SourceUniversity of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center·JournalJNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute·DateOct 7, 2008
New study examines effectiveness of colorectal cancer screening tests
A new study by Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center found that routine colorectal cancer screenings may not provide significant life expectancy benefits after age 75. The study suggests that individuals who have had adenomas or colorectal cancer should continue surveillance in this age group.
Kids with obese friends and family more likely to misperceive weight
A new study from Université de Montréal and McGill University found that kids surrounded by overweight peers or parents are more likely to underestimate their own weight. The study analyzed over 3,600 children and adolescents, finding that only 1.6% of kids perceived themselves as having excess weight.
Brown-assisted trial finds new colorectal screening procedure is accurate and less invasive
A new colorectal screening procedure, CT colonography, has been found to be highly accurate in detecting intermediate and large polyps. The study, which used virtual reality technology, compared the accuracy of CT colonography with conventional colonoscopy and found that it was comparable in its ability to accurately detect problems.
Popular surgery provides no relief for osteoarthritis of the knee
A landmark study conducted at The University of Western Ontario found that arthroscopic surgery provides no additional therapeutic value for patients with moderate osteoarthritis of the knee. Physical therapy and medication proved equally effective in reducing joint pain and improving function.
Link between nationality and cervical cancer
A new study by Karolinska Institutet found that immigrant women from different countries have varying risks of developing cervical cancer. Women from east Africa had a significantly lower risk, while those from Norway and Denmark had a higher risk.
Analysis of quickly stopped Rx orders provides new tool for reducing medical errors
Researchers analyzed medication orders that were withdrawn within 45 minutes and found a 66% rate of errors. The study suggests a systematic method for identifying prescribing errors, which can be used to screen for errors and as a teaching tool.