The American Society for Clinical Pathology is providing laboratory training and quality improvement programs for diagnosis and monitoring of HIV/AIDS patients in resource-limited countries. The program aims to improve the effectiveness of HIV diagnostic, care, and treatment services and interventions.
A study by USF researchers found that green tea's epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) decreases production of the Alzheimer's-related protein beta-amyloid, leading to a 54% reduction in brain-clogging plaques. EGCG may be effective in preventing and treating Alzheimer's disease through dietary supplementation.
Researchers at the Research Institute of Molecular Pathology in Vienna have developed an animal model for psoriasis, revealing that epidermal alterations can initiate skin lesions and arthritis. The discovery challenges long-held beliefs about autoimmune diseases and provides a powerful tool for future studies.
A study found that HIV-infected macrophages travel to the temporal lobe, causing inflammation and damaging memories. Researchers hope to develop drugs targeting these cells to prevent HIV-associated dementia.
Alcohol intake can alter circadian rhythms, influencing heart rate, blood pressure, hormone levels, and immune function. Disruptions to the 'biological clock' within the body may result in 'physiological anarchy,' with widespread pathology.
Researchers found that women have more global AD pathology due to neurofibrillary tangles and experience clinical symptoms of AD nearly 20 times more often than men. This suggests that Alzheimer's disease is stronger in women, potentially linked to estrogen deficiency or other protective factors.
A minimally invasive core-needle biopsy guided by CT scans or ultrasound appears to be an effective way to obtain tumor samples, replacing surgery. The technique shows high accuracy rates for diagnosing childhood cancers, with a sensitivity of 97% and specificity of 100%, according to St. Jude Children's Research Hospital researchers.
Researchers created transgenic mice overproducing Ab40 and Ab42 to study their roles in AD pathology. The results showed that Ab42 mice accumulated extensive amyloid plaque and neural damage, while Ab40 mice showed little disease pathology. The study provides evidence for the critical role of Ab42 in initiating amyloid deposition.
Gene amplification is a common process in cancer cells that can lead to increased production of genes like MITF, which regulates tissue development and tumor progression. Researchers found an over-expression of MITF in melanoma tissue microarrays using the AQUA technology, correlating with decreased patient survival.
Notch protein plays a crucial role in directing early T-cell development in the thymus, a small organ under the breastbone near the heart. This study provides new insights into the process, shedding light on how Notch signaling contributes to T-cell differentiation and potentially improving outcomes for transplant patients.
A recent study found that living near a casino increases the risk of problem gambling, with a 90% increase in odds for those within 10 miles. Social and environmental influences also play a role, with respondents from disadvantaged neighborhoods reporting higher rates of problem gambling.
Researchers at UC Davis have discovered a receptor pathway for C-reactive protein, a known risk marker for heart disease. Blocking this pathway with specific antibodies reverses the detrimental effects of CRP on endothelial cells.
A study published in the American Journal of Pathology reveals that Wnt-7b is significantly upregulated in arthritic knee tissues, particularly in areas of high inflammation. The findings suggest a potential role for Wnt-7b in rheumatoid arthritis progression and may lead to new therapeutic strategies.
Researchers found that the GSTP1 gene is temporarily inactivated through hypermethylation, increasing the risk of prostate cancer in African-Americans compared to Caucasians. The study suggests that GSTP1 hypermethylation may serve as a potential biomarker for prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Studies in mice with genetically engineered mutant huntingtin protein found that widespread production led to locomotor problems, neurodegeneration, and abnormal brain connections. Conversely, restricted production showed little difference from normal mice, suggesting cellular interactions play a significant role in HD pathogenesis.
A new study found that exercise can delay the development of Alzheimer's-like brain changes in mice by decreasing beta-amyloid levels. Exercise was shown to improve learning and memory in mice with AD-like pathology, suggesting a potential mechanism for reducing cognitive decline.
A team of researchers from Case Western Reserve University propose an alternate view on the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), suggesting that neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) may be protective against oxidative stress. NFT-bearing neurons can survive for decades, and their presence may be a response to reduce oxidative damage.
Researchers discover distinct phase of rheumatoid arthritis immediately after symptom onset, enabling early treatment and potentially halting disease progression. The study proposes a new therapeutic window for potent anti-inflammatory therapies during the first few months of clinically apparent disease.
Scientists discover NKT cells primarily patrol liver blood vessels, showcasing agility and rapid movement. The study reveals surprises about NKT cell behavior, including their ability to survive without the CXCR6 gene.
Cancer cells' DNA is tightly compacted, making it resistant to enzyme digestion, unlike healthy tissue. The study's findings suggest new diagnostic and therapeutic tools for distinguishing different types of tumors.
Research suggests that higher education helps older adults compensate for brain pathology and maintain cognitive function by engaging the frontal cortex. The study found a correlation between years of education and increased activity in the frontal lobes of older adults.
Professor Johnson is awarded the IADR Oral Medicine and Pathology Research Award for his significant contributions to dental caries, periodontal diseases, and oral cancer research. He has also made a notable impact on oral cancer prevention through his advocacy.
A study of 180 Catholic nuns and priests found that nearly half with mild cognitive impairment met pathologic criteria for Alzheimer's disease. Meanwhile, about a quarter had cerebral infarcts, indicating a possible 'reserve' capacity in the brain that prevents cognitive decline despite pathology.
A new study finds that MRI is more accurate than current standards in assessing the effectiveness of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. The imaging technique correctly identified the presence of residual tumor in 71% of cases, while sonography and clinical examination were less accurate.
A UCLA study found that green tea extract may help fight bladder cancer by interrupting the development of invasive cells. The extract affects actin remodeling, a process crucial for cell movement and invasion.
Researchers at U of T used 3-D ultrasound to analyze tongue function after surgery, creating a baseline for 'Joe Canadian' tongue reconstruction. The study aims to improve speech outcomes for patients with tongue cancer.
A study in Senegal found that migrants' social context influences their sexual behavior and risk of HIV transmission. In rural areas, strict social control and religion may encourage migrants to adopt safer sex practices upon return. The study suggests that migration is not a major contributor to HIV spread in Senegal.
Researchers found a mutation in the LRRK2 gene that plays a central role in developing Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. The discovery has major implications for understanding mechanisms of these diseases and potentially leading to curative treatments.
Two studies provide critical information on XLP, revealing that SAP regulates T helper cell cytokine production and modulates signaling molecules involved in immune response. Defects in this pathway contribute to XLP's pathology.
A $2 million NSF grant enables researchers to develop real-time soil monitoring technologies, reducing the impact of fertilizers and greenhouse gases on the environment. The project aims to determine best management practices for California agriculture while minimizing harm to the environment.
In a breakthrough discovery, Stanford researchers have found that mast cells can provide protection from sepsis by destroying a molecule that contributes to the pathology and death associated with this bacterial infection. The study reveals a new role for mast cells in limiting damage caused by endothelin-1.
Scientists at Johns Hopkins Medicine have identified Notch2 as a key gene target in childhood brain tumors, medulloblastoma. High levels of the Notch2 gene are associated with poorer outcomes and cancer cell growth promotion.
Scientists at UCLA and Univ. of Utah have discovered that the hormone hepcidin regulates ferroportin, an iron-transporting molecule, controlling iron release in the bloodstream. This finding may lead to treatments for hemochromatosis and anemia of chronic disease, affecting millions worldwide.
The LigAmp test detects single nucleotide differences in cancer and HIV, improving diagnosis and monitoring. Researchers have identified potential mutations for early cancer detection and drug resistance in HIV patients.
Researchers found that stem cells in mice with Alzheimer's disease were attracted to abnormal protein bundles called amyloid plaques. This could lead to the development of plaque-busting treatments using adult olfactory bulb stem cells.
Chronic exposure to pesticides like rotenone has been linked to Parkinson's disease pathology in monkeys. Exercise has shown potential in protecting against dopamine neuron loss and slowing disease progression in rats. Rotigotine, a new drug, may also offer neuroprotective properties.
A study from Senegal found that urine-based detection of abnormal methylation of three genes provided a sensitivity of 53% and specificity of over 90% for detecting cervical cancer. This approach could have a huge impact on women in developing countries without access to Pap screening.
Researchers at Temple University's Sbarro Institute developed a new blood test that uses CDK9/CYCLIN T1 expression to accurately diagnose lymphoma cancer types and stages. The study, published in the Journal of Pathology, found that analyzing these molecules in a blood sample can pinpoint the presence of lymphoma with high accuracy.
Scientists have found that a longevity protein called SIRT1 delays the breakdown of axons in nerve cells, potentially slowing neurodegenerative diseases. The discovery opens new avenues for treating Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and other disorders.
Researchers found that immune therapy against Alzheimer's disease not only removes the toxic amyloid plaque but also clears protein tangles, suggesting a broad assault on the disease. The treatment was shown to clear both hallmark lesions of AD by alleviating interference in the cell's protein garbage disposal system.
Studies investigate shoulder pain, seat position impact, ACSM target heart rate guidelines, wheel camber effects, Smart Wheelchair Component System, portable ramps, self-efficacy in amputations, and neuroprosthesis technology for individuals with spinal cord injuries.
Researchers discovered Stat3 regulates the inflammatory response in lung tissue, preventing excessive activation and tissue damage. The study suggests enhancing Stat3 activity could lead to new therapeutic drugs for immune-related diseases like COPD.
Researchers from MGH and Arcturus found that the HOXB13/IL17BR gene expression ratio predicts tumor recurrence in estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer patients receiving tamoxifen. The higher expression of HOXB13 and lower IL17BR levels indicate increased risk of recurrence.
Research suggests that telomere dysfunction may be a key component in the development of many epithelial cancers. Telomere length abnormalities were observed in 97% of precancerous lesions, with abnormally short telomeres found in 88%.
A new tumor classification system combines molecular biology and classic pathology to provide a comprehensive and consistent way of typing tumors. The system uses both the type of cells that form a tumor and its molecular characteristics to determine its behavior, offering improved accuracy and insight into treatment options.
Researchers found that high S-phase fraction and diploid status were key predictors of early and late recurrence rates. Patients with poor prognostic indicators, including older age at diagnosis and larger tumor size, had poorer outcomes.
A recent study examines seroprevalence of non-pneumonic SARS-CoV infections in general population and healthcare workers. The findings suggest that non-pneumonic infections are more common than SARS-CoV pneumonia, shedding light on possible explanations for cases with no obvious contact to other patients.
Dr. Gutkind received the IADR Oral Medicine/Pathology Research Award for his seminal research on normal and oncogenic functions of non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinases. He has published over 200 scientific papers and contributed to developing molecular markers of disease progression in oral malignancies.
Dr. Soskolne has made significant contributions to scientific literature in the fields of oral pathology, bone physiology, and the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. He developed an organ-culture model for studying bone remodeling, which has been used extensively to study bone physiology.
Researchers have identified a dual strategy used by viruses to subvert the immune system, involving the targeting of hematopoietic progenitors and inhibition of dendritic cell maturation. This study sheds light on the mechanisms of viral immunosuppression, enabling better understanding of immune evasion tactics.
Researchers at USC have created a transgenic mouse with an overexpressed noggin gene, resulting in increased hair follicles, thicker fur, and additional whiskers. The study also reveals unusual changes to the mice's eyes, feet, and genitalia, challenging the distinction between normal and abnormal variations.
UB researchers found that antidepressant drugs decrease chronic pain by inhibiting TNF production in the brain. The study showed that these drugs also increase norepinephrine release, leading to a decrease in pain and its symptoms. This finding may contribute to new strategies for treating chronic pain.
Researchers at Thomas Jefferson University have identified a new cell type, the dermal dendrocyte, that increases in number in tumors of early human Kaposi's sarcoma. The discovery offers a potential tool for studying the disease and its connection to abnormal wound healing and other conditions.
The University of Minnesota is receiving a $1 million grant to expand its assisted living services for the elderly using telemedicine technology. The VALUE project will bring healthcare services directly into the homes of elderly people who lack access to affordable care.
Researchers have created a new mouse model of Alzheimer's disease to study the effects of toxic protein p25 on brain degeneration. The model, developed by Harvard Medical School scientists, shows high levels of p25 accumulation leading to neuronal death and tau pathology after just 12 weeks.
A newly identified gene, BOS1, has been found to regulate plant response to both biological and non-biological stresses. This gene provides resistance to the gray mold disease that destroys up to 30% of tomato and strawberry crops annually.
Researchers found that Hedgehog's signal is required for cancer growth in the digestive tract. A plant-derived chemical called cyclopamine blocked this signal, killing tumors in mice without harm.
Stanford Medicine has been awarded a significant grant from the National Human Genome Research Institute. The funding will support research teams in analyzing small portions of the human genome using various techniques.
The Gerontological Society of America (GSA) has awarded the Geron Corporation - Samuel Goldstein Distinguished Publication Award to Dr. Ikeno for his outstanding research on the pathology of aging and the role of oxidative stress in age-related pathology. The award recognizes his contributions to the field of gerontology.
The Voice Academy website, funded by a NIDCD grant, provides virtual classrooms and resources for kindergarten through high school teachers to learn about voice health and prevention. The site aims to help teachers address voice problems, such as hoarseness and fatigue, with behavioral changes and expert advice.