Scientists at the University of Queensland have improved the modeling of nuclear structure in francium atoms, allowing for more precise calculations of their magnetic moments. The new method enables uncertainties four times smaller than previous best values, which is crucial for testing fundamental physics theories.
Research found that five scientific fields (particle physics, atomic physics, cell biology, neuroscience, and molecular chemistry) account for more than half of Nobel Prizes awarded between 1995 and 2017. Additionally, many papers in these fields received less citation compared to other publications.
The Argonne team has created a machine learning algorithm that approximates how the present detector would respond to the greatly increased data expected with the LHC upgrade. This algorithm simulates detector responses and reconstructs objects from physical processes, enabling faster and more accurate analysis of particle collisions.
A common finding across three continents reveals that atmospheric turbulence enhances new particle formation (NPF), a key process for haze development. NPF growth rates are faster under stronger turbulence conditions, while instability parameters prolong event durations.
Researchers have found that neutral pions emitted in the very forward area of polarized proton-proton collisions retain a large degree of left-right asymmetry. This finding suggests reevaluation of previous theories on particle generation. Further study is needed to understand the mechanism underlying this phenomenon.
Research by Alexei Frolov finds distinct relationships between particle masses and cluster properties, improving understanding of semiconductors' optical spectra. The study's formulas could be adapted to describe clusters with varying masses, enabling finer tuning of semiconductor properties.
Researchers from HSE University developed an algorithm called Allen, which processes data from the LHCb detector using a farm of GPUs. This approach increases processing speeds up to 40 Tbit/s and reduces costs compared to traditional CPU-based systems.
Researchers developed machine learning methods to predict nanoparticles' structures and atomic dynamics, significantly faster than traditional simulation methods. The new methods facilitated efficient explorations of particle-particle reactions and particles' functionality in their environment.
The COMPASS experiment at CERN is analyzing the proton's inner structure using particle collisions and complex algorithms. The team confirmed a theoretically expected sign change in the Sivers function, which relates to quark orbital motion inside the proton.
Researchers from the University of Helsinki have found strong evidence for the presence of exotic quark matter inside the cores of the largest neutron stars in existence. The new results were published in Nature Physics and combined recent findings from theoretical particle and nuclear physics with astrophysical measurements.
A Cornell University study finds that inquiry-based physics labs, designed to encourage student agency, actually contain gender imbalances and biases when compared to traditional, highly structured labs. The researchers analyzed student behavior in two types of labs and found that men and women take on different roles within groups.
Researchers explore high-intensity lasers to create plasmas for studying quantum electrodynamics, a lesser-studied corner of particle physics. The findings could lead to advances in fundamental physics and scanning technology.
Researchers at SISSA and ICTP used atomic physics experiments to simulate the Schwinger model, a gauge theory that describes particle interactions. This study confirms the potential of quantum simulators to investigate fundamental forces and could lead to simulations of complex systems.
Researchers have made significant progress in understanding plasma behavior at the edge of fusion facilities, which could help achieve fusion power. The Gkeyll code simulates turbulent fluctuations and reduces particle flux near the plasma edge, potentially increasing efficiency.
Researchers have produced a new theoretical calculation that refines one piece of the muon anomaly puzzle, sharpening the understanding of how subatomic particles interact. The study uses lattice QCD to analyze hadronic contributions and controls for errors, providing new insights into particle physics.
Researchers propose refocusing dark matter detector efforts to seek out newly suggested types of dark matter signals that may have been overlooked. This includes absorption-related processes and energy signatures in the MeV range, which could be more common than previously detected signals.
Scientists at the University of Tokyo have successfully demonstrated a method to switch a novel material between two different nonvolatile states at very high speeds and with great accuracy. This breakthrough finding has potential applications in creating high-speed memory devices that are also energy-efficient.
Researchers from KIT participate in the Belle II accelerator experiment to enhance understanding of dark matter in the universe. They have now limited mass and coupling strengths of the Z' boson with previously unattainable accuracy using initial data collected during the startup phase.
Researchers at the University of Rochester's Laboratory for Laser Energetics developed a novel method to shape intense laser light, accelerating electrons to record energies in very short distances. This technology could allow scientists to perform tabletop experiments to probe the Higgs boson and explore extra dimensions.
The Columbia University-led team will design, build and test key electronic components for the ATLAS system to enhance its capabilities. The high-luminosity LHC upgrade is expected to increase collisions by a factor of 10, enabling scientists to collect data more efficiently and analyze new particles.
A team of Berkeley Lab cosmologists, led by George Stein and Uros Seljak, developed a code that best identified a mock signal hidden in simulated particle-collision data. Their efficient machine learning tool, called sliced iterative optimal transport, can run on a simple desktop or laptop computer.
A Cornell-led collaboration has successfully created a solid-state platform to simulate the Hubbard model in two dimensions, mapping a longstanding conundrum in physics: the phase diagram of the triangular lattice Hubbard model. The team observed a Mott insulating state and mapped the system's magnetic phase diagram.
Researchers have developed a novel theory to explain the chaotic movements of particles in dynamic environments, where passive particles interact with active swimmers. The model suggests that such movements can be explained by Lévy flights, which arise from hydrodynamic interactions between swimmers and passive particles.
Researchers have successfully demonstrated ionization cooling of muons, a key innovation for the development of the world's most powerful particle accelerator. The achievement marks a significant milestone in advancing our understanding of fundamental constituents of matter.
Researchers at IAS and University of Michigan propose QCD axion as solution to cosmological excess of matter over antimatter. The QCD axion could explain three missing pieces of physics puzzle, including the strong CP problem and dark matter.
Researchers propose axion as solution to three mysteries: matter-antimatter asymmetry, dark matter, and the strong CP problem. The axion's rotation creates a tiny excess of matter over antimatter, explaining why we exist.
FSU physicists suggest a new, short-lived particle may be responsible for the rare decay of Kaon particles, defying the standard model of physics. Researchers in Japan are conducting further data runs to confirm the observation, which could potentially reveal new insights into fundamental forces.
Researchers at KOTO reported four rare kaon decays, violating a theoretical connection between charged and neutral kaon decays. The findings could force physicists to modify the standard model if confirmed by further experiments.
Researchers created a new detection method using radar echoes to identify ultra-high energy particle cascades. This breakthrough could lead to the development of a neutrino telescope capable of detecting high-energy neutrinos with energies beyond current observable range.
A team of European scientists developed a micro-particle size analyser using AI and consumer electronics. The device measures particle size with precision comparable to commercial light-based analysers, but is much smaller, lighter, and cheaper.
A recent study found that fragmentation of large organic particles into small ones accounts for roughly half of particle loss in the ocean, controlling sequestration of sinking organic carbon. Sinking particles like plankton and detritus play a critical role in lowering atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration.
Scientists have discovered a new method to realize non-Abelian braiding in a non-Majorana system by constructing Jackiw-Rebbi zero-modes in a quantum spin Hall insulator. This breakthrough has the potential to enable topological quantum computation without superconductivity, offering advantages over Majorana-based systems.
Physicists at Vienna University of Technology have discovered a new type of quasi-particle called the pi-ton, which consists of two electrons and two holes. The pi-ton is created by absorbing a photon and decays into another photon, exhibiting properties similar to those of particles.
Researchers observed solar energetic particle events and found that pre-accelerated particles build up in front of coronal mass ejections, creating a new phase of the energization process critical for radiation hazards. The study highlights the complex interplay between flares, particle populations and CMEs.
Ultrafine particles (UFPs) formed through photooxidation of organic compounds are a major source of urban pollution. Existing particles inhibit new particle formation, suggesting controlling primary emissions or removing existing particles could worsen pollution.
Researchers laser-cooled a 150-nanometer glass sphere containing 100 million atoms to its quantum ground state, revolutionizing the study of macro-quantum physics. This achievement enables unprecedented opportunities to test fundamental physics and probe the boundaries between classical and quantum mechanics.
Scientists have isolated and cooled a nanoparticle in a solid, achieving macroscopic quantum control for the first time. By removing thermal energy and isolating the particle from its environment, researchers successfully cooled the glass bead to ultra-cold temperatures near absolute zero.
Researchers at Tomsk Polytechnic University have successfully created a new type of curved acoustic wave beam, known as an acoustical hook, which can be used to manipulate nanoparticles with high precision and accuracy. This innovation has the potential to revolutionize fields such as biomedicine and materials synthesis.
Scientists from Cornell University and Brookhaven National Laboratory successfully demonstrated the world's first capture and reuse of energy in a multi-turn particle accelerator. The Energy Recovery Linear accelerator (ERL) technology uses two transformational 'green' technologies to recover and re-use previously accelerated particles...
Sufei Shi's lab at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute has been working on fabricating high-quality transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) to study their properties and potential applications. The researchers have found an exciting particle called an exciton, which holds a lot of energy that can survive at room temperature.
The Department of Energy has announced plans for a future Electron Ion Collider, sited at Brookhaven National Laboratory in New York. Jefferson Lab will be a major partner in the project, providing key support and expertise in particle accelerators and nuclear physics.
Researchers analyzed vaping particle size and deposition patterns in human airways, finding that larger particles are produced by higher device power settings and vegetable glycerin-based e-liquids. The study suggests similar human airway deposition patterns compared to regular smoking, despite smaller and less abundant particles.
A UNIGE physicist proposes altering the mathematical language of classical physics to allow for indeterminism and randomness, resolving contradictions with quantum physics. This shift would enable a more intuitive approach to understanding the world, closer to our everyday experience.
A team of physicists at Penn State and Germany's University of Wurzburg studied over three dozen devices similar to the one used to produce the angel particle. They found that the feature claimed to be the manifestation of the angel particle was unlikely to be induced by its existence.
Researchers propose an alternative view of classical physics, suggesting that the future of an object is genuinely random after a certain number of interactions. This challenges the traditional view of determinism in classical physics and opens up new insights on the relationship between classical and quantum physics.
Researchers developed an automated platform using exclusive liquid repellency microdrops for lossless single-cell isolation, identification and retrieval. The system combines a robotic liquid handler, microscopic imaging system and real-time image-processing software to enable rapid hands-free isolation of rare cellular samples.
New technologies have successfully established zeolite nanoparticle production methods, enabling size control and mass production. The 'bead-milling and recrystallizing method' produces nanoparticles < 100nm, while the 'particle growth method' generates larger particles from 150-300nm.
A team of researchers from the University of Pennsylvania has discovered a crucial link between alcohol molecules and haze formation. Alcohols like methanol reduce particle formation by consuming sulfur trioxide, converting it to more sticky compounds that promote growth.
A SUTD research team developed a novel N-shaped electrode design for measuring single cells' lateral positions and biophysical properties in a microdevice. This approach uses differential current to encode particles' trajectories, eliminating expensive imaging setups.
Researchers used physics-informed generative adversarial networks (GANs) to model subsurface flow in the Hanford Site, achieving exaflop performance. The approach enabled estimation of hydraulic conductivity and hydraulic head with high accuracy, overcoming the limitations of traditional methods.
Ari Deibert Palczewski, a staff scientist at Jefferson Lab, has been awarded a DOE Early Career Research Program grant to develop a theoretical model of accelerator preparation. He aims to build on previous discoveries about doping niobium with nitrogen and create a mathematical model of the process.
A recent proposal aims to test Einstein's twin paradox using quantum particles in a 'superposition' state. The goal is to measure time passing at different speeds for objects moving at high velocities or near massive objects.
New research reveals a novel explanation for the origin of cosmic magnetic fields, potentially solving a long-standing puzzle. The study suggests that strong primordial electric fields can be responsible for generating magnetic fields after inflation.
Researchers capture particles in an unexplored energy region using photon-proton collisions, providing new insights into the nucleus. The measurements suggest that gluons directly contribute more than 80% of the proton's mass.
Researchers at Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids spot axion particles in correlated Weyl semimetal (TaSe2I) below -11 °C. The discovery reveals novel properties of axion particles, which can conduct electrical current in a distinct manner from electrons.
The Reinhart Koselleck Project aims to study the growth of atmospheric nanoparticles using high-resolution mass spectrometry. The team hopes to understand the mechanisms of particle formation and differentiate between natural and human-induced causes.
The DOE is investing $21.4 million in quantum information science research, focusing on particle physics and fusion energy sciences. This funding will support projects that explore the application of quantum computing to analyze particle physics data and simulate complex systems.
The US ATLAS Phase I Upgrade enables the detection of rare processes and sheds light on dark matter, dark energy, and antimatter asymmetry. The upgrades improve the trigger/data acquisition system, liquid argon calorimeter, and forward muon detector, allowing for more efficient data collection and analysis.
A new physics curriculum that teaches energy first shows promise in helping university students develop their calculus skills, particularly those with lower math abilities. Students who took the new curriculum performed better in subsequent engineering classes and on standardized physics conceptual tests.
The KATRIN experiment has narrowed the estimated mass range of the elusive neutrino to 1 electron volt (eV), cutting it in half from a previous upper limit of 2 eV. This breakthrough allows scientists to answer fundamental questions about the universe's evolution and physics beyond the Standard Model.