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Duke University


Study links violence exposure, obesity in teens

A new study by Duke researchers found that teenagers who were exposed to violence consumed more unhealthy foods and beverages, including increased soda consumption, which is a strong predictor of weight gain. The study also revealed that adolescents took more steps on days they were exposed to violence, contrary to expectations.

SourceDuke University·JournalSocial Science & Medicine·DateJul 31, 2017

Fungal spores harness physics to launch themselves

Researchers at Duke University discovered how fungal spores use the power of merging water droplets to launch themselves. The team used high-speed cameras and an inkjet printer to study the mechanism, which involves the release of energy from the merged drop causing the spore to break away.

SourceDuke University·JournalJournal of The Royal Society Interface·DateJul 25, 2017

New vaccine production could improve flu shot accuracy

Researchers at Duke University have developed a new way to produce the seasonal flu vaccine that could speed up production and provide better protection against infection. By keeping the human influenza virus from mutating during production, they generate a perfect match to the target vaccine in a shorter time frame.

SourceDuke University·JournalmBio·DateJul 24, 2017

Rush hour pollution may be more dangerous than you think

A Duke University study reveals that rush hour commutes may be more hazardous to human health than previously thought. The levels of particulate matter and chemicals causing oxidative stress found in car cabins were twice as high as roadside sensors, posing a significant risk to drivers' health.

SourceDuke University·JournalAtmospheric Environment·DateJul 21, 2017

Invasive plant species can enhance coastal ecosystems

A new study by Duke University scientists found that invasive plant species can provide essential ecosystem functions in degraded coastal habitats. Non-native seaweed, such as Gracilaria vermiculophylla, helped offset the loss of foundation species and offered vital services like food production and storm protection.

SourceDuke University·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJul 17, 2017

Helping robots learn to see in 3-D

Researchers at Duke University have developed an algorithm that allows robots to recognize and understand 3-D objects, even when parts are hidden from view. The system can simultaneously guess what a new object is and how it's oriented without examining it from multiple angles first.

Air pollution casts shadow over solar energy production

A new study estimates that air pollution and dust are cutting global solar energy production by more than 25% in certain parts of the world, with China, India, and the Arabian Peninsula being the hardest hit. The regions experiencing heavy losses are also those investing the most in solar energy installations.

SourceDuke University·JournalEnvironmental Science & Technology Letters·DateJun 26, 2017

Chatter in the deep brain spurs empathy in rats

A study by neuroscientists at Duke and Stanford University found that multiple brain regions collaborate to produce empathetic decision-making in rats. The results clarify conflicting findings on the role of specific brain regions in guiding antisocial behavior, suggesting a more complex neural context.

SourceDuke University·JournalBrain and Behavior·DateJun 23, 2017

Cells in fish's spinal discs repair themselves

Researchers discovered a unique repair mechanism in zebrafish spinal discs that protects fluid-filled cells from mechanical stress and promotes regeneration. The study suggests that this mechanism, triggered by the release of nucleotides, may be present in humans at early stages but is lost over time.

SourceDuke University·JournalCurrent Biology·DateJun 22, 2017

Trash-picking seagulls poop tons of nutrients

A new study by Duke University estimates that seagulls feeding at landfills transport and deposit over 240 tons of nitrogen and 39 tons of phosphorus into nearby lakes or reservoirs each year. This nutrient overload contributes to algal blooms, oxygen depletion, and ecological and economic impacts.

SourceDuke University·JournalWater Research·DateJun 21, 2017

Printed sensors monitor tire wear in real time

Researchers have developed an inexpensive printed sensor that can track millimeter-scale changes in tire tread depth with high accuracy. The technology has the potential to increase safety, improve vehicle performance, and reduce fuel consumption by detecting sub-millimeter resolution of tire wear.

SourceDuke University·JournalIEEE Sensors Journal·DateJun 14, 2017

Regenerating damaged nerves with 'Pac-Man' cells

Macrophages, known as the Pac-Man of the immune system, promote healing by regrowing severed nerves in rats, offering a promising alternative to current treatments like autografts. The approach uses biological signals to recruit younger, undifferentiated cells destined to become pro-healing macrophages.

SourceDuke University·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJun 12, 2017

Injectable solution may provide weeks of glucose control

Researchers at Duke University have created a technology that fuses GLP1 with a heat-sensitive elastin-like polypeptide, providing glucose control up to three times longer than current treatments. The new biopolymer injection lasts more than two weeks in primates and has the potential to replace daily or weekly insulin shots.

SourceDuke University·JournalNature Biomedical Engineering·DateJun 5, 2017

DIY crystal-makers get refurbished online cookbook

Materials scientists at Duke University have resurrected an online cookbook of crystalline structures, featuring 288 entries with data on symmetry, properties, and unit cells. The revamped website provides a flexible platform for researchers to explore and create new materials.

SourceDuke University·JournalComputational Materials Science·DateJun 2, 2017

Breaking glass in infinite dimensions

A team of researchers, led by Sho Yaida, have found a phase transition in glasses using infinite-dimensional calculations. This discovery could significantly change the properties of glasses at low temperatures, affecting their response to heat, sound and stress.

Microbes seen controlling action of host's genes

Researchers have found that microbes manipulate the molecular machinery of animal cells, triggering patterns of gene expression associated with health and disease. The study suggests ancient parts of the genome and interactions with microbes are relevant to modern-day human diseases.

SourceDuke University·JournalGenome Research·DateMay 17, 2017

Oddball enzyme provides easy path to synthetic biomaterials

Researchers have developed a new method using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) enzyme to produce precise, high molecular weight synthetic biomolecular structures. These structures can be tailored to create single-stranded DNA for self-assembling into ball-like containers for drug delivery or incorporating unnatural nucleotides.

SourceDuke University·JournalAngewandte Chemie·DateMay 16, 2017

Migratory seabird deaths linked to hurricanes

A Duke University-led study maps the sooty tern's annual migratory path and reveals its direct correlation with hurricane-forming storms in the Atlantic. The researchers warn that stronger hurricanes may increase due to climate change, posing a new threat to these iconic seabirds.

SourceDuke University·JournalPeerJ·DateMay 11, 2017

Laser, sound waves provide live views of organs in action

Researchers at Duke University and CalTech have developed a hybrid imaging technology that combines light and ultrasound to provide live, holistic views of small animal organs. This technique breaks the resolution and speed barriers in whole-body imaging, enabling functional imaging of entire bodies with sub-millimeter-level resolution.

SourceDuke University·JournalNature Biomedical Engineering·DateMay 10, 2017

3-D printers open new design space for wireless devices

Duke researchers have created 3D-printed electromagnetic metamaterials with potential to revolutionize the design and prototyping of radio frequency applications. The use of a highly conductive material, Electrifi, enables rapid construction of complex devices and accelerates the design process.

SourceDuke University·JournalApplied Physics Letters·DateMay 4, 2017

How technology use affects at-risk adolescents

A new study from Duke University found that adolescents already at risk for mental health issues face increased attention, behavior, and self-regulation problems when using technology. However, excessive digital device use was also linked to fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety.

SourceDuke University·JournalChild Development·DateMay 3, 2017

Researchers identify genes that help trout find their way home

Scientists have identified key genes involved in the homing behavior of rainbow trout, which use Earth's magnetic field to navigate back to their birthplace. The study found that changes in gene expression are triggered by disruption of the fish's internal compass, pointing to a possible role for iron-based magnetite particles.

SourceDuke University·JournalBiology Letters·DateApr 26, 2017

3-D-printable implants may ease damaged knees

A team of researchers at Duke University created a cartilage-mimicking material that can be 3D-printed to match the strength and elasticity of human cartilage, potentially easing damaged knees. The new material is custom-shaped to each patient's anatomy, providing improved shock absorption and reducing pain.

SourceDuke University·JournalACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering·DateApr 19, 2017

Homing system delivers drugs to specific neurons

Researchers have developed a way to deliver drugs to specific types of neurons in the brain, allowing for more precise study and treatment of neurological diseases. The new method, DART, reveals how movement difficulties in Parkinson's Disease are controlled by the AMPA receptor, offering a new approach to treating the disease.

SourceDuke University·JournalScience·DateApr 6, 2017

Gold-plated crystals set new standard for natural gas detectors

Researchers at Duke University have developed a sensor that detects specific wavelengths of electromagnetic energy using gold-plated crystals. The technology outperforms existing detectors in size, weight, power, speed and cost, making it ideal for detecting methane or natural gas leaks, monitoring crop health and recycling plastics.

SourceDuke University·JournalOptica·DateApr 6, 2017

Catch shares slow the 'race to fish'

A study by Duke University economists found that catch shares reduce the 'race to fish' that compresses fishing seasons. This allows fishers to time their catches with market demand, reducing occupational hazards and improving fish quality. While exceptions exist, benefits still outweigh negatives.

SourceDuke University·JournalNature·DateApr 5, 2017

Screening the dark genome for disease

Researchers have developed a method to swiftly screen the non-coding DNA of the human genome for links to diseases driven by gene regulation. The technique uses CRISPR/Cas9 to precisely cut and paste DNA sequences, enabling the identification of regulatory elements controlling disease genes.

SourceDuke University·JournalNature Biotechnology·DateApr 3, 2017

Spray-on memory could enable bendable digital storage

Researchers at Duke University have developed a fully-printed digital memory device using an aerosol jet printer and nanoparticle inks. The device stores information in states of resistance, allowing for flexible electronics on bendable materials, and has a write speed rivaling that of flash drives.

SourceDuke University·JournalJournal of Electronic Materials·DateApr 3, 2017

The physics of wealth inequality

A Duke University professor proposes that wealth inequality is governed by a physical law, where systems evolve to increase access to flow. This natural tendency governs the distribution of wealth in economies, with hierarchical movement leading to greater disparities.

SourceDuke University·JournalJournal of Applied Physics·DateMar 28, 2017

Satellites reveal bird habitat loss in California

A Duke University-led study using satellite images shows the Sacramento Valley in California has lost nearly all its wetlands, which are crucial for millions of migratory shorebirds. The habitat loss is threatening the survival of these birds, highlighting the need for conservation efforts.

SourceDuke University·JournalRemote Sensing of Environment·DateMar 27, 2017