Articles tagged with Measuring Instruments
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers used detailed dataset to identify factors causing speedup and slowdown of tidewater glacier, finding geometry of fjord bed plays critical role. The study may help predict how tidewater glaciers contribute to sea level rise.
Researchers developed a new spectro-gonio radiometer called SHADOWS to analyze light reflected from very small or extremely dark materials. The instrument can probe samples measuring less than one millimeter cubed and provide information on physical and chemical properties.
A NASA team, led by Emily Wilson, is launching a low-Earth-orbiting CubeSat mission called Mini-Carb to measure atmospheric greenhouse gases. The mini-LHR instrument, made of commercial parts, can simultaneously measure carbon dioxide, water vapor, and methane in the atmosphere's limb.
Tropical Cyclone Gita is weakening due to vertical wind shear, posing threats to New Caledonia and New Zealand. The storm will encounter cooler ocean waters and transition into an extra-tropical low on February 20.
Scientists have made significant progress in developing an ultra-stable telescope capable of detecting Earth-like planets and analyzing their atmospheres for signs of life. The team has successfully measured subatomic- or picometer-sized distortions across a five-foot segmented mirror, paving the way for future missions.
A two-year study in Monterey Canyon challenged existing paradigms on turbidity currents, finding sediment-transport events are more common and complex than previously thought. Researchers observed multiple turbidity currents with large-scale movements of the entire seafloor, which changed character as they moved down-canyon.
A new instrument called CaPASOS will be used to measure CO2 levels in the air and surface of the ocean in remote regions. This will provide valuable data on carbon dioxide uptake by the ocean and its impact on climate change.
During the three-month campaign, scientists will validate GOES-16's advanced instruments using measurements from planes, ground-based sensors, unmanned aircraft systems, the International Space Station, and other sources. The goal is to ensure precise data for weather forecasting, severe storm warnings, and space weather predictions.
Researchers at ICFO have developed a new method to measure atomic spin angle and amplitude with unprecedented precision, evading the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. This breakthrough allows for more accurate measurements of atomic spins, opening the door to the development of far more sensitive instruments.
NASA's Radiation Dosimetry Experiment reveals steady increase in cosmic radiation rate higher in the atmosphere, contrary to particle concentration. The findings will improve space weather models and develop real-time instruments for safe flight operations.
A recent study by University of Kentucky researchers found that nearly half of patients with early dementia or mild cognitive impairment reported positive scores on the Silver Lining Questionnaire, indicating improved personal relationships and increased appreciation for life. The results challenge the stereotype of depression and desp...
RapidScat detected wind speeds of up to 65 mph near Tropical Storm Frank, with stronger gusts reported south of the center. The storm is generating life-threatening surf and rip currents along Mexico's southern coast.
A new tool is being developed by NASA to assure picometer-level stability, a feat not yet accomplished. The instrument will measure tiny changes in mirror segments and other supporting telescope structure during environmental testing.
The KORUS-OC expedition will study the daily changes of the seas surrounding South Korea, focusing on phytoplankton and their role in Earth's carbon cycle. The research aims to better understand how oxygen and carbon flow between the ocean and atmosphere.
A Louisiana State University student-led team has been awarded a $200,000 grant to develop an instrument that will fly into a thunderstorm to measure how lightning produces high-energy gamma-rays. The project, called Correlation of Terrestrial gamma flashes, Electric fields and Lightning strikes, aims to study the electrical and radiat...
Tropical Cyclone Victor was found to have its strongest winds south of its center at 34 meters per second, with maximum sustained winds near 65 knots. The storm maintained hurricane-strength and an eye, with powerful bands of thunderstorms around the center.
Tropical Depression Pali has weakened to a depression with maximum sustained winds near 35 mph, moving southwest towards Hawaii and expected to dissipate on January 15. The storm's proximity to the equator and south-southwesterly vertical shear are contributing factors to its demise.
Tropical Storm Olaf is returning to its birthplace in the Eastern Pacific Ocean after leaving the Central Pacific. The storm, which formed on October 14, has been weakening and is expected to continue moving eastward.
The remnants of Ex-Typhoon Choi-wan continued to generate rainy and windy weather over southeastern Russia as revealed by NASA's infrared satellite image. Cloud top temperatures near -36F/-38.1C were detected in the region, indicating strong uplift and stronger storm behavior.
Typhoon Choi-wan strengthened earlier this month before showing signs of weakening due to northerly winds, currently situated approximately 512 nautical miles east of Iwo To island
NASA imagery suggests Hurricane Joaquin's strongest winds are in the north and northwestern quadrants, stronger than 36 meters per second. The hurricane is currently a category 4 storm with maximum sustained winds near 130 mph.
Tropical Storm Vamco developed into a depression on September 13, with NASA's RapidScat instrument measuring its surface winds. The storm intensified rapidly and was located near Vietnam by September 14, before dissipating over rugged terrain.
NASA's RapidScat instrument captured the strongest sustained winds in Tropical Storm Jimena near 25 meters per second on its northern side. The storm is forecast to weaken and turn west by September 10, affecting the Hawaiian Islands with large swells and surf.
Typhoon Kilo is a Category 1 hurricane with sustained winds near 75 mph, according to NASA's RapidScat data. The storm is moving northwest and is expected to transition to an extra-tropical storm as it moves into the Sea of Okhotsk.
A new laser ablation resonance ionization mass spectrometry technique has successfully dated an Earth rock analogous to the rocks covering one-third of the Moon's nearside. This breakthrough enables direct dating of lunar terrains, filling a critical gap in understanding the Solar System's history.
Typhoon Halola's strongest sustained winds were concentrated around its center and reached near 30 meters per second, extending only 15 nautical miles from the center. The storm is expected to slowly intensify and pass just south of Wake Island on July 16.
Tropical Depression Chan-Hom made landfall just south of Pyongyang, North Korea, on July 12. The depression weakened to a remnant low pressure area and is expected to dissipate by July 14.
Typhoon Nangka is experiencing powerful winds of up to 78.9mph/126kph near its center, according to NASA data gathered from the International Space Station's RapidScat instrument.
Researchers have developed a microscope instrument that can accurately measure the 3D movement of individual molecules over many hours, far beyond current limits. This technology has potential applications in biology, biochemistry, and biophysics, including tracking protein motions and characterizing nanoscale objects.
Tropical Cyclone 01A has intensified with sustained winds increasing around the entire storm. The storm is expected to reach hurricane-strength by June 10 and then weaken before entering the Gulf of Oman.
Tropical Storm Andres is weakening due to strong west-southwesterly shear and cool waters, with the National Hurricane Center expecting it to become post-tropical by June 4. The storm's strongest winds were measured at 25 meters per second in a small area northwest of the center.
Tropical Storm Noul has strengthened and become more organized, with sustained winds reaching up to 65 knots (74.8 mph) north of its low-level center. The storm is now moving west-southwest at a slow pace and is expected to reach typhoon strength near Yap on May 6.
A team of astronomers using ESO's Very Large Telescope has observed a dusty cloud, known as G2, passing close to the supermassive black hole at the galactic center. The observations confirm that the cloud survived its closest approach and is likely a compact object surrounding a dense core.
Tropical Cyclone Bavi weakened to a depression, with NASA's RapidScat instrument measuring its waning surface winds. The storm's maximum sustained winds dropped to 28.7 mph/46.3 kph on March 18.
A NASA scientist is developing a new laser instrument sensitive to methane, another potent greenhouse gas. The Methane Sounder will provide high-resolution, accurate, and around-the-clock global measurements, which could help understand current trends and mitigate its effects.
Researchers developed a new sensor to detect ambient mercury levels in the atmosphere, providing a more accurate method for measuring global human exposure. The sequential two-photon laser-induced fluorescence (2P-LIF) instrument detects mercury at parts-per-quadrillion sensitivity, outperforming existing methods.
The ISS-RapidScat instrument measured high wind speeds off the Atlantic Ocean near the northeastern and Mid-Atlantic states. Wind chills were reported near zero in several cities, posing a risk of frostbite, with temperatures 20-25 degrees below average.
A new device measures forces exerted on the ice by figure skaters during jumps and spins, aiming to prevent joint injuries. The instrumented blade can be used by skaters and trainers to monitor forces and inform boot design.
Astronomers using Cassini data infer the presence of a potentially rugby ball-shaped rocky core or sloshing sub-surface ocean in Mimas. The moon's unusual wobble reveals surface displacement of up to 6 kilometers, contradicting predictions of uniform interior structure.
A study by the JAMA Network found that vision loss significantly impacts daily life and can increase mortality risk. The research highlights the importance of addressing vision impairment to prevent adverse outcomes.
Tropical Depression Hagibis regenerated and sped northeast through the East China Sea after a brief weakening. Moderate rainfall was observed at a rate of 1.4 inches per hour in its northeastern quadrant.
Researchers at PTB developed a novel approach to improve spectral distribution curves, correcting distortions caused by measuring instruments. The improved method can be applied in various fields of radiometry and photometry, including broadband and narrowband measurements.
A month-long study by University of Houston aims to enhance air quality forecasting using satellite data and numerical models. The team collected extensive data from mobile labs, aircraft, and satellites to develop more accurate pollution sensors.
Researchers have developed a new machine that measures a material's hardness with unprecedented accuracy. The Precision Nanoindentation Platform (PNP) can test properties beyond the reach of previous devices, including viscoelastic creep.
The NIST nanoindenter uses a touchless surface detector to accurately measure the mechanical properties of thin films and biomaterials without contact. It applies forces up to 150 millinewtons and takes readings a thousand times a second with an uncertainty lower than 2 micronewtons.
The Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer (NGIMS) instrument has been successfully integrated to the MAVEN spacecraft, enabling measurements of Mars' upper atmosphere composition. NGIMS will analyze neutral and ionized gases, providing insights into atmospheric chemistry and potential microbial life.
The Hurricane and Severe Storm Sentinel (HS3) mission uses Global Hawks to gather critical measurements of wind, temperature, humidity, and aerosol patterns in tropical storms. The mission aims to improve storm predictions and prevent costly coastal evacuations by analyzing previously difficult-to-get data.
A new device developed by NASA measures formaldehyde levels at low and high altitudes, revealing that 30-40% of pollution is transported during storms. The instrument offers a factor-of-10 improvement in size, sensitivity, and complexity over existing devices.
Researchers have created a new instrument, the Bergen Work Addiction Scale, to measure work addiction. The scale assesses seven core elements of addiction and can differentiate between workaholics and non-workaholics.
Researchers at NCAR are developing prototype devices that can almost instantly measure large areas of snow using light pulses, satellite signals, and other technologies. These devices have the potential to provide a global picture of snow depth and improve weather forecasts.
The Antarctic ozone hole reached its annual peak on September 12, spanning 10.05 million square miles. Despite declining levels of manmade chemicals, the hole is expected to persist one to two decades beyond this century due to natural temperature fluctuations and other factors.
The Antarctic ozone hole reached its annual peak on September 12, stretching to 10.05 million square miles, with conditions favorable for ozone depletion expected until early December. The latest analysis predicts the ozone hole will persist one to two decades longer than expected.
The Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) has developed a primary standard for the measurement of short-lived radioactive thoron, allowing for accurate calibration of thoron measuring instruments. This enables the estimation of risks associated with thoron exposure through its progenies.
Presenteeism, a measure of productivity loss due to health issues, may be overreported. The University of Michigan's School of Kinesiology suggests a three-year moratorium on studies due to inaccurate calculations and limited data collection methods.
Researchers created a long-term global map of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) using satellite data, providing a comprehensive view of health-sapping air pollution worldwide. The map shows high levels of PM2.5 in Africa and Asia, with over 80% of the world's population breathing polluted air.
The Solar Probe Plus mission will measure energetic particles in the Sun's corona, providing critical data on acceleration mechanisms and space weather. SwRI-led instruments will help determine the structure and dynamics of the Sun's magnetic field and forecast hazardous space weather.
The NIST team has built an ultra-stable instrument for tugging on chains of atoms, achieving results that require heroic efforts at vibration isolation. The new instrument enables the direct measurement of force between two gold atoms, giving researchers a direct method to calibrate their equipment.
Researchers at Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics create a system called information field theory (IFT) to reconstruct incomplete image data. IFT asks two questions to determine the probability of images based on measured data and prior knowledge, allowing for optimal reconstruction in areas where telescopes are blind.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has introduced a novel calibration technique for entire waveforms, enabling more accurate measurements in oscilloscopes. This new method improves the characterization of diverse waveforms, particularly in high-speed devices, and offers potential cost savings in industries such a...
Researchers successfully conducted riser-drilling operations in the Nankai Trough earthquake zone to gather information on geological formations and stress-strain characteristics. This technology enabled dynamic formation testing and measurement of stress, water pressure, and rock permeability.