Research on antibodies and their uses. Covers engineered antitoxin antibodies, long-lasting immunity, monoclonal therapies, and antiviral T cells.
Researchers found that high levels of antibodies against a specific part of the virus may be key to understanding immune response to COVID-19. Individuals with stronger antibody responses showed immune functions associated with natural protection, offering a promising avenue for vaccine development and effective global rollout.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine have developed a new technique to discover tiny antibody fragments that can target different parts of a pathogen, making them effective against variants. This approach has the potential to quickly identify multiple potent nanobodies that can neutralize pathogens.
Researchers developed a metal organic framework (ZIF) that improves the delivery and sustained release of cancer immunotherapy drugs like nivolumab, targeting leukemia cells with minimal toxicity. Coating ZIF with a cancer cell membrane enhances accurate delivery to solid tumors.
Researchers found that people with cross-reactive antibodies had no protection against SARS-CoV-2, and these antibodies did not correlate with COVID-19 severity. The study suggests that pre-existing immune responses may play a role in reducing disease severity, but more research is needed to confirm this.
A new study has detected high levels of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses (SC2r-CoVs) in bats and pangolins in Southeast Asia. The discovery suggests that more SC2r-CoVs may be present in the region, with potential implications for future pandemics.
A new strategy has been developed to fast and reliably quantify the immune response induced by vaccination, revealing the timeline and stage of pathogen infection. The technique is equally sensitive to existing gold-standard methods and can detect multiple target molecules in a fraction of the time.
Researchers found a subpopulation of adults who don't sustain an antibody response after RSV reinfection, making them susceptible to reinfection. The 'original antigenic sin' phenomenon also emerged, where the immune system responds more to older infections than recent ones.
Researchers develop peptide-based 'booster' inhibitors that use generic hepatitis B antibodies to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 viruses. This approach offers a rapid response time and could provide guidance for preparing generic therapeutics against emerging pathogens.
Researchers found that antibodies produced by B cells predominantly have the IgA subtype, which inhibits RAS signaling, sensitizing tumor cells to T cell-mediated killing. This study provides insights into how immune components regulate ovarian cancer progression and offers new approaches for targeted immunotherapies.
Researchers developed a 10-minute COVID-19 diagnostic test using nanoparticles that can detect IgG antibodies and is priced at about 1/5 of similar devices on the market. The test costs around $5.50, or 30 Brazilian Reais, once approved by ANVISA.
The Holonyak lab team has developed a simple, 15-minute sample-to-answer test for detecting COVID-19 antibodies at a cost of less than $2 per test. This low-cost test demonstrates great potential for widespread use in various settings, including clinics and physician offices.
This study examined the association between maternal and neonatal SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody concentrations, shedding light on neonatal immunity and maternal vaccination strategies. The findings provide valuable insights into the dynamics of maternal antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy.
Researchers created protein-based biosensors that emit light when mixed with virus proteins or antibodies, offering a rapid diagnostic solution. The new technology shows promise for detecting COVID-19 infections without the need for genetic amplification, addressing supply chain shortages.
A study found that over half of Ebola survivors experienced a rapid increase in antibody levels around 200 days after recovery, followed by decline, indicating potential long-term virus persistence.
Researchers at Monash University have created a new class of biosensors that can monitor the concentration of proteins in real-time, enabling faster and more effective treatments for chronic health complications. This breakthrough technology could provide invaluable insights into disease progression and treatment efficacy.
A new study demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 reacts to antibodies of other coronavirus strains and vice versa. However, antibodies from the 2003 SARS outbreak had only limited effectiveness in neutralizing the new virus.
A new approach maps viral mutations that escape leading antibodies, revealing a single amino-acid mutation that fully escapes Regeneron's antibody cocktail. The maps show a substantial number of RBD mutations in circulation that escaped one or more antibodies.
Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis developed a pain-free microneedle patch that can detect biomarkers in the fluid between cells, revolutionizing diagnostic testing. The technology offers unprecedented sensitivity and could eliminate unnecessary hospital trips and discomfort.
A new study suggests that those who recover from COVID-19 retain immunity for at least six months due to a lasting defense mounted by the immune system. The researchers found that memory B cells continued to evolve and improve the quality of antibodies even after infection had waned.
Researchers developed a versatile antibody test to detect IgG and IgM antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, detecting asymptomatic cases and finding suitable blood samples for therapies. The study offers a powerful tool for controlling the pandemic, with approximately 80% of donor blood samples being potentially suitable.
Researchers have discovered an antibody, 2B7, that physically blocks the Non-Structural Protein 1 (NS1) protein, preventing the dengue virus from attaching to cells and slowing its spread. This breakthrough could lead to new treatments for other flaviviruses like Zika and West Nile.
Researchers reviewed 49 studies linking stress, depression, and poor health behaviors to impaired immune response to vaccination. Improving these factors can enhance the body's response to the COVID-19 vaccine.
Researchers at the University of Bonn have developed four nanobodies that effectively target the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, offering a promising therapeutic option. These nanobodies can be produced in large quantities and are less likely to cause unwanted complications, making them an attractive alternative to traditional antibodies.
New small antibodies, called nanobodies, have been developed to prevent the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus from entering human cells. The research found that a combined nanobody had exceptional effectiveness in blocking the virus' ability to spread between human cells.
A new study suggests a link between Toxoplasma gondii infection and the risk of glioma, a type of brain cancer, in adults. Researchers found that people with glioma were more likely to have antibodies to T.gondii than those without the disease.
Scientists at the University of Southampton have discovered that modifying antibodies to target OX40 can enhance immune responses against cancer cells. By adjusting the antibody's isotype, researchers found that one type can delete suppressive Treg cells and another can stimulate killer T-cells, leading to improved anti-tumor effects.
A new antibody has shown broad-spectrum protection against multiple flaviviruses, including dengue, Zika, and West Nile. The discovery could provide a blueprint for safe and effective vaccines against these deadly diseases.
A team of researchers identified an antibody called 2B7 that neutralizes the NS1 protein, a key factor in dengue virus replication and disease. The findings offer a potential strategy for developing effective treatments and vaccines against dengue and similar diseases.
Researchers found measurable immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 in recovered patients for up to 8 months. Long-lasting protective immunity against COVID-19 is a possibility, with resting immune memory compartments potentially contributing to protection.
Researchers have created non-toxic versions of botulinum neurotoxins that can deliver therapeutic antibodies to neurons, reversing paralysis within hours. The toxin derivatives offer a promising approach to treat established cases of botulism and target hard-to-reach molecules.
A recent study found that pregnancy causes the immune system to become sensitized to transplanted organs, particularly those from the father of the child, while becoming tolerant to the fetus. This paradoxical effect increases the risk of transplant rejection.
New research found that pregnant women and newborns face elevated risks of severe COVID-19 due to lower-than-expected transfer of protective antibodies. The cause may be alterations to these antibodies after they're produced, which prevent their passage from mother to fetus.
A study by Stanford Medicine researchers found that COVID-19 severity correlates with the proportion of antibodies targeting the virus's inner shell, not just the spike protein. This discovery raises concerns about re-infection and the need for repeated vaccinations to maintain a protective immune response.
Researchers found that people infected with COVID-19 retain immunity for at least 8 months through virus-specific memory B cells. This discovery alleviates concerns about vaccine efficacy and provides real hope for long-term protection against the virus.
A study at Massachusetts General Hospital found that pregnant women with COVID-19 do not transmit the virus to their newborns, but also show reduced antibody transfer. This has implications for maternal vaccine administration and optimal timing of vaccination.
Two Monash University scientists found that the enzyme DOT1L plays a critical role in controlling T cell differentiation and function. Genetically eliminating DOT1L led to type 1 T cells dominating, which could lead to new treatments for asthma and allergies.
Researchers at the Ragon Institute have developed a new one-step CRISPR technique to rapidly create mice capable of producing human antibodies. The method dramatically shortens the timeline for generating specialized mice, allowing scientists to accelerate their research and respond more quickly to new developments in the field.
Research at the University of Chicago found that pre-existing flu immunity shapes antibody responses to influenza infections and vaccinations. The quality of these responses differs between individuals who are vaccinated or naturally infected, with vaccinated individuals generating more adaptable antibodies that target conserved regions.
Researchers at UC Santa Cruz developed a novel serological assay for detecting SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, providing quantitative results in under 20 minutes. The biolayer interferometry immunosorbent assay (BLI-ISA) is as accurate and sensitive as current antibody tests, but faster and less complex.
Researchers found that IgA antibodies dominate the early COVID-19 response, coming on more quickly than IgG and IgM antibodies. A vaccine designed to induce dimeric IgA may offer protection against the virus.
A study found that individual coronavirus antibody tests have varying levels of sensitivity, making it essential to combine multiple tests for accurate results. This is crucial for planning major seroepidemiological studies and understanding the prevalence of COVID-19 exposure in populations.
Researchers at CNIC have identified mitochondrial protein ALDH4A1 as a potential marker for cardiovascular disease diagnosis and a possible therapeutic target. The study found that ALDH4A1 accumulates in plaques and its plasma concentration is elevated in patients with carotid atherosclerosis, suggesting it as a biomarker.
A semiconductor chip has been developed to detect antigen concentrations as low as 1 part per quadrillion molar mass, enabling ultra-sensitive detection on a portable scale. This technology uses organic nanosheets and can detect biomolecules in real-time, paving the way for quick disease diagnosis and telemedicine applications.
The study highlights the importance of mucosal immune responses in controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly in asymptomatic cases. Researchers recommend further research on SIgA antibody responses and developing a nasal vaccine that could be easier to administer and store.
A new antivenom strategy has been developed to combat deadly snake bites, which are a major public health issue in low-income countries. The potential treatment is a peptide that can neutralize venom from 75% of all venomous snakes and is cheaper and more portable than traditional antibody-based treatment.
Researchers create biosensors using piezoelectric materials to detect specific viruses, including HPV and influenza A. Magnetostrictive materials are also being investigated for sensing bacterial infections.
Researchers have discovered how the algal pyrenoid, a critical component in carbon fixation, is assembled. A sequence of amino acids, or motif, guides the proteins to the pyrenoid, allowing it to form and function correctly. This discovery sheds light on a long-standing mystery in scientific research.
A widely used tuberculosis vaccine is associated with reduced likelihood of contracting COVID-19, according to a new study by Cedars-Sinai. The BCG vaccine was found to be effective in reducing SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels and the risk of coronavirus infections or severity of the disease.
A new study found that IgM and IgA antibodies decay quickly, while IgG antibody levels are maintained for at least three months after infection. The study also showed that infected healthcare workers had higher levels of IgG1 and lower levels of IgG2 compared to asymptomatic cases.
Researchers found that pairs of antibodies targeting different parts of the viral spike protein can prevent or treat SARS-CoV-2 infection at lower doses than single antibodies. This approach may help reduce the chance of the virus mutating and becoming resistant to antibody treatments.
A phase 1/2 randomised controlled trial of the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate CoronaVac involved over 700 healthy volunteers aged 18-59 years recruited in China. The study found that CoronaVac is safe and induces a robust antibody response within four weeks after two doses, with optimal dosing identified as 3μg.
Scientists discover a chain reaction leading to Alzheimer's disease starts earlier than thought, triggering toxic protein deposits. An antibody, aducanumab, has been shown to remove seeds of aggregation and reduce brain damage in transgenic mice.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital found a unique mechanism of protection against Vibrio cholerae, the bacterium that causes cholera. Human antibodies block the bacteria's motility, preventing it from causing disease. This breakthrough could lead to more effective vaccines for cholera, particularly in young children.
Researchers have developed an antibody fragment that reduces Aú peptide and tau protein levels, alleviating cognitive decline and neuroinflammation in advanced Alzheimer's disease models. This breakthrough therapy shows promise as a potential treatment for the devastating disease.
A new saliva-based antibody test developed by Johns Hopkins researchers accurately detects SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from small saliva samples. The test's high sensitivity and specificity make it suitable for various applications, including large-scale screening and monitoring changes in antibody-positivity rates over time.
A study suggests that rapid finger-prick antibody tests for SARS-CoV-2 may deliver inaccurate results, with around 1 in 5 positive tests indicating a false positive. The test's accuracy varies depending on the individual's previous infection status, and laboratory confirmation is recommended for reliable results.
Researchers at the Francis Crick Institute discovered that some children have pre-existing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, which may offer protection. The study found that these antibodies are more common in children than adults and target a specific part of the virus, suggesting potential for vaccine development.
Research found preexisting antibody-driven immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in a small proportion of uninfected adults and children, suggesting cross-reactive protection. These antibodies targeted the viral spike protein complex and showed neutralizing activity in cell culture experiments.
Researchers found Ebola virus antibodies in 10% of patients seeking care in the year before the 2018 outbreak, highlighting potential for more frequent exposure. Women were significantly more likely to be exposed, consistent with other studies.
A study in mice confirmed in human samples shows that the brain is protected against infection by immune cells from the gut. The meninges form an impermeable barrier preventing immune cells from entering the brain, but plasma cells secrete antibodies to defend the perimeter of the brain.