Articles tagged with Antibodies
New research found that pregnant women and newborns face elevated risks of severe COVID-19 due to lower-than-expected transfer of protective antibodies. The cause may be alterations to these antibodies after they're produced, which prevent their passage from mother to fetus.
A study at Massachusetts General Hospital found that pregnant women with COVID-19 do not transmit the virus to their newborns, but also show reduced antibody transfer. This has implications for maternal vaccine administration and optimal timing of vaccination.
Researchers found that people infected with COVID-19 retain immunity for at least 8 months through virus-specific memory B cells. This discovery alleviates concerns about vaccine efficacy and provides real hope for long-term protection against the virus.
Two Monash University scientists found that the enzyme DOT1L plays a critical role in controlling T cell differentiation and function. Genetically eliminating DOT1L led to type 1 T cells dominating, which could lead to new treatments for asthma and allergies.
Researchers at the Ragon Institute have developed a new one-step CRISPR technique to rapidly create mice capable of producing human antibodies. The method dramatically shortens the timeline for generating specialized mice, allowing scientists to accelerate their research and respond more quickly to new developments in the field.
Research at the University of Chicago found that pre-existing flu immunity shapes antibody responses to influenza infections and vaccinations. The quality of these responses differs between individuals who are vaccinated or naturally infected, with vaccinated individuals generating more adaptable antibodies that target conserved regions.
Researchers at UC Santa Cruz developed a novel serological assay for detecting SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, providing quantitative results in under 20 minutes. The biolayer interferometry immunosorbent assay (BLI-ISA) is as accurate and sensitive as current antibody tests, but faster and less complex.
Researchers found that IgA antibodies dominate the early COVID-19 response, coming on more quickly than IgG and IgM antibodies. A vaccine designed to induce dimeric IgA may offer protection against the virus.
A study found that individual coronavirus antibody tests have varying levels of sensitivity, making it essential to combine multiple tests for accurate results. This is crucial for planning major seroepidemiological studies and understanding the prevalence of COVID-19 exposure in populations.
Researchers at CNIC have identified mitochondrial protein ALDH4A1 as a potential marker for cardiovascular disease diagnosis and a possible therapeutic target. The study found that ALDH4A1 accumulates in plaques and its plasma concentration is elevated in patients with carotid atherosclerosis, suggesting it as a biomarker.
A semiconductor chip has been developed to detect antigen concentrations as low as 1 part per quadrillion molar mass, enabling ultra-sensitive detection on a portable scale. This technology uses organic nanosheets and can detect biomolecules in real-time, paving the way for quick disease diagnosis and telemedicine applications.
The study highlights the importance of mucosal immune responses in controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly in asymptomatic cases. Researchers recommend further research on SIgA antibody responses and developing a nasal vaccine that could be easier to administer and store.
A new antivenom strategy has been developed to combat deadly snake bites, which are a major public health issue in low-income countries. The potential treatment is a peptide that can neutralize venom from 75% of all venomous snakes and is cheaper and more portable than traditional antibody-based treatment.
Researchers create biosensors using piezoelectric materials to detect specific viruses, including HPV and influenza A. Magnetostrictive materials are also being investigated for sensing bacterial infections.
Researchers have discovered how the algal pyrenoid, a critical component in carbon fixation, is assembled. A sequence of amino acids, or motif, guides the proteins to the pyrenoid, allowing it to form and function correctly. This discovery sheds light on a long-standing mystery in scientific research.
A new study found that IgM and IgA antibodies decay quickly, while IgG antibody levels are maintained for at least three months after infection. The study also showed that infected healthcare workers had higher levels of IgG1 and lower levels of IgG2 compared to asymptomatic cases.
A widely used tuberculosis vaccine is associated with reduced likelihood of contracting COVID-19, according to a new study by Cedars-Sinai. The BCG vaccine was found to be effective in reducing SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels and the risk of coronavirus infections or severity of the disease.
Researchers found that pairs of antibodies targeting different parts of the viral spike protein can prevent or treat SARS-CoV-2 infection at lower doses than single antibodies. This approach may help reduce the chance of the virus mutating and becoming resistant to antibody treatments.
Scientists discover a chain reaction leading to Alzheimer's disease starts earlier than thought, triggering toxic protein deposits. An antibody, aducanumab, has been shown to remove seeds of aggregation and reduce brain damage in transgenic mice.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital found a unique mechanism of protection against Vibrio cholerae, the bacterium that causes cholera. Human antibodies block the bacteria's motility, preventing it from causing disease. This breakthrough could lead to more effective vaccines for cholera, particularly in young children.
A phase 1/2 randomised controlled trial of the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate CoronaVac involved over 700 healthy volunteers aged 18-59 years recruited in China. The study found that CoronaVac is safe and induces a robust antibody response within four weeks after two doses, with optimal dosing identified as 3μg.
Researchers have developed an antibody fragment that reduces Aú peptide and tau protein levels, alleviating cognitive decline and neuroinflammation in advanced Alzheimer's disease models. This breakthrough therapy shows promise as a potential treatment for the devastating disease.
A new saliva-based antibody test developed by Johns Hopkins researchers accurately detects SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from small saliva samples. The test's high sensitivity and specificity make it suitable for various applications, including large-scale screening and monitoring changes in antibody-positivity rates over time.
A study suggests that rapid finger-prick antibody tests for SARS-CoV-2 may deliver inaccurate results, with around 1 in 5 positive tests indicating a false positive. The test's accuracy varies depending on the individual's previous infection status, and laboratory confirmation is recommended for reliable results.
Research found preexisting antibody-driven immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in a small proportion of uninfected adults and children, suggesting cross-reactive protection. These antibodies targeted the viral spike protein complex and showed neutralizing activity in cell culture experiments.
Researchers at the Francis Crick Institute discovered that some children have pre-existing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, which may offer protection. The study found that these antibodies are more common in children than adults and target a specific part of the virus, suggesting potential for vaccine development.
A study in mice confirmed in human samples shows that the brain is protected against infection by immune cells from the gut. The meninges form an impermeable barrier preventing immune cells from entering the brain, but plasma cells secrete antibodies to defend the perimeter of the brain.
A leukemia patient remained asymptomatic and infectious for at least 70 days with SARS-CoV-2, setting a new record for longest shedding duration. The patient's compromised immune system prevented antibody production, allowing the virus to persist.
Researchers found Ebola virus antibodies in 10% of patients seeking care in the year before the 2018 outbreak, highlighting potential for more frequent exposure. Women were significantly more likely to be exposed, consistent with other studies.
Researchers found a subset of COVID-19 patients who cleared the disease quickly and sustained virus-specific antibody production, indicating a more effective immune response. These 'sustainers' had shorter symptoms and differences in memory T cell populations and B cells.
A retrospective surveillance study of over 10,000 plasma samples found that more than 1.7 million New Yorkers have been infected with SARS-CoV-2, indicating the virus was present in the city before the first confirmed case. The infection fatality rate is close to 1 percent, ten times deadlier than the flu.
A study of UK oncology staff found that many had COVID-19 antibodies without symptoms and lost positivity after four weeks. Researchers propose routine testing for signs of current or previous infection to protect staff and cancer patients.
Researchers found stable antibody titers in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients for at least five months. The study suggests that these long-lasting antibodies may protect against reinfection and attenuate disease severity.
Research found that over 90% of individuals with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 produce antibodies strong enough to neutralize SARS-CoV-2. The antibody response is relatively stable for at least five months, correlating with the body's ability to neutralize the virus.
A study examined the seropositive prevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China, finding a significant seropositive rate among residents. The results showed differences in antibody prevalence by sex and age group, highlighting the importance of vaccination efforts.
Researchers developed a new imaging method that maps HIV's sugary shield in unprecedented detail, shedding light on its structure and dynamic nature. The technique has the potential to improve vaccine design by targeting vulnerable sites on HIV and other glycan-shielded viruses.
A new Portuguese study shows that 90% of subjects have detectable antibodies 40 days to 7 months post contracting COVID-19. Age is not a confounding factor in levels of antibodies produced, but disease severity is observed.
Researchers identified a direct molecular link between meat and dairy diets and the development of cancer-associated antibodies in the blood, increasing cancer risk. The study found that consuming large amounts of red meat and cheese leads to high levels of these antibodies.
Researchers found that antibody levels in recovered COVID-19 patients drop rapidly, making convalescent plasma a potential treatment option if collected during a specific window of time after recovery.
Research by University of Bergen scientists has found that patients with critical COVID-19 often have antibodies blocking interferons, a crucial part of the body's defense system. This finding may explain gender differences in severe COVID-19 cases and offer potential treatment options.
A team of NYU scientists has developed a holographic imaging method to detect both viruses and antibodies, enabling rapid and accurate diagnoses. This breakthrough could speed up patient treatment, reduce misdiagnosis risks, and lower healthcare costs.
Researchers studied antibody production in nearly 6,000 people and found high-quality antibodies still being produced five to seven months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Immunity is stable for at least five months, and may last much longer.
Researchers found that higher antibody levels in sicker patients correlate with disease severity, but surprisingly, many elderly patients produced as strong an antibody response as younger adults. The study suggests that a vaccine may not need to achieve the highest possible RBD-S antibody levels.
Researchers found that too little sugar can lead to more bone-eating cells in people with bone marrow cancer. A special type of sugar water was shown to reduce perforations and cancer growth in mice with bone marrow cancer. Further animal experiments are needed to develop a treatment for humans.
Researchers found that COVID-19 patients can retain antibodies in their saliva and blood for at least three months. The study used saliva and blood samples from over 100 patients to measure antibody levels, showing that IgG antibodies bind to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein are detectable for 115 days.
Research shows COVID-19 patients with and without diabetes have similar immune responses to the SARS-CoV-2 'spike' protein. Higher blood glucose levels are strongly associated with increased mortality in both groups.
Researchers at Mount Sinai will lead capacity-building efforts for serological testing and analyze antibody responses in lung cancer patients. They will also examine the immune response to COVID-19 and its impact on vaccine development.
Researchers developed an immunomodulatory feed additive to boost chickens' immune response against coccidiosis, a parasite-borne intestinal disease. The treatment showed promise in promoting gut health and reducing the effects of severe infection, but may not prevent disease altogether.
Researchers found a significant correlation between matched DBS and serum samples, with minimal differences in results. DBS achieved 98% sensitivity and 100% specificity for detecting anti-SARS-CoV-2 S glycoprotein antibodies.
Researchers have identified a new target for creating flavivirus vaccines by targeting specific locations on the virus. This approach aims to remove memory B cells from the vaccination equation and avoid antibody-dependent enhancement of infection, which can result in more severe symptoms.
A longitudinal study of COVID-19 convalescent plasma donors found that antibodies against the virus decline within three months of symptom onset. Donating plasma within this timeframe ensures higher antibody titers, which are essential for effective treatment.
A study found that 78% of people with sudden loss of smell had COVID-19 antibodies, highlighting the significance of this symptom. Loss of smell is a highly specific symptom of COVID-19 and should be urgently recognized globally.
Researchers at Pohang University of Science & Technology developed a novel immunotherapy platform called imuGlue, which connects mussel adhesive proteins to antibodies used in immune checkpoint inhibitors.
A cocktail of powerful antibodies from recovered COVID-19 patients locks down the infection machinery, preventing the virus from entering cells. The antibodies protect hamsters from infection when exposed to the coronavirus, also setting off the infection-fighting actions of other immune cells.
A study of UK key workers found that around half who reported COVID-19 symptoms did not test positive for antibodies, suggesting other conditions. The research suggests self-reported symptoms overestimate COVID-19 disease relative to serology.
A study found significant variation in commercial antibody kit performance, with some tests accurate as sophisticated laboratory technologies. Lateral flow immunoassays demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity, offering potential usefulness in healthcare settings.
Researchers have discovered two antibodies that shield mice from lethal influenza B virus infections, offering a promising basis for a new treatment. These broadly protective antibodies target the critical viral enzyme neuraminidase, which could help combat a more effective and widespread flu medication.
A head-to-head comparison of five SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays reveals that the Siemens and Oxford assays performed with the highest sensitivity and specificity, meeting regulatory targets. The study emphasizes the importance of accurately evaluating test performance to understand limitations and improve usage.
Nationwide COVID-19 antibody seroprevalence studies in Brazil show that cities along the Amazon River were severely affected at the beginning of the pandemic, as well as poorer and Indigenous communities. The research highlights a cluster of high prevalence in 11 cities along the Amazon River, with levels among the highest ever reported.
Pediatric patients hospitalized with COVID-19 exhibit altered immune responses, limited antibody production, and improved outcomes. Children generally experience milder symptoms and lower mortality rates than adults, potentially linked to differences in innate immunity.