Articles tagged with Cellular Energy
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
When cells are exposed to mitochondrial damage, AMPK sends an emergency alert instructing them to break apart into tiny fragments. This process helps recycle damaged pieces and promotes mitochondrial health.
Researchers have observed molecular processes in real-time using X-rays, gaining insights into the printing process. This understanding can help control the arrangement of materials, improving the efficiency of organic solar cells.
A University of Cincinnati researcher has identified PI5P4Kβ, an enzyme that senses GTP levels in cells, as a potential therapeutic target for cancer drugs. The discovery could help slow or halt the growth of aggressive brain cancers and other types of cancer.
Researchers have created a new type of membrane that can efficiently convert chemical reactions into electrical current, potentially revolutionizing the fuel cell industry. The development has the potential to replace internal combustion engines and reduce harmful emissions.
A pair of socks embedded with microbial fuel cells powered by wearer's urine has successfully transmitted signals wirelessly. The system opens possibilities for using waste as a power source in portable and wearable electronics.
Researchers harness molecular machinery of living systems to power integrated circuit from ATP, enabling new artificial systems with both biological and solid-state components. The system produces an electrical potential harvested by the IC in the presence of ATP.
A study published by CNIC researchers found a diet high in fatty acids can restore normal cell metabolism and prevent dilated cardiomyopathy. The research suggests that this approach may lead to future treatments for patients with heart disease.
Researchers at Florida State University have introduced a new strategy for generating more efficient solar cells, increasing maximum efficiency from 33% to over 45% through photon upconversion and self-assembly process.
A team of physicists and biologists from UC San Diego found that the cost of synthesizing enzymes for aerobic respiration outweighs its benefits in fast-growing cells, leading them to favor fermentation. This discovery provides a new perspective on why many organisms use fermentation instead of aerobic respiration.
Researchers at RIKEN and Kyoto University have developed a new polymer that minimizes photon energy loss in solar cells, leading to higher efficiency and robust conversion of solar energy into electricity. The achievement marks a significant step towards commercializing cheaper and more efficient polymer-based solar cells.
A pilot study reveals clinical workstations can be a reservoir for multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) in hospitals. ATP testing identified MDROs on high-touch objects like chairs, clipboards, and keyboards more effectively than microbial swabbing.
Concordia University researchers have created a technology to harness the electrical energy from plants using blue-green algae. The invention utilizes electron transfer chains in photosynthesis and respiration to produce electricity. This scalable technology could lead to cheaper ways of generating carbon-free energy.
A study published in Nature Communication found that a protein called sLR11 acts to inhibit thermogenesis, or heat production, in fat cells, making it harder for the body to burn excess fat. This protein is produced by fat cells and increases with total fat mass, suggesting its role in storing energy over long periods.
Researchers at EMPA have developed tandem solar cells that convert a larger portion of light energy into electricity, using polycrystalline thin films and semi-transparent perovskite film. The new process enables large area low-cost processing and flexible plastic or metal foils as substrates.
Fernando Codá Marques and André Neves have made groundbreaking contributions to differential geometry with their proof of the Willmore conjecture. The resolution has far-reaching implications for understanding surfaces and has illuminated new approaches to other significant questions in topology and geometry.
Researchers at Indiana University have calculated the lifetime energy requirements of multiple cell types and genes, revealing a linear relationship between energy consumption and cell volume. This study challenges existing theories on the role of mitochondria in driving genome complexity and evolution.
Researchers found that mice exercising on a wheel increased SIRT3 levels, protecting against neurodegeneration and degeneration. Bolstering mitochondrial function with gene therapy technology also offered protection against stress and age-related cognitive decline.
Researchers at Lomonosov Moscow State University developed a novel approach to study electron transport chain in living mitochondria using SERS. They successfully observed changes in cytochrome c structure during ATP synthesis and were able to initiate and stop electron transport. This method provides new insights into mitochondrial fu...
Researchers have discovered a biological sensor called NLRP1 that responds to excess energy intake and instructs cells to burn fat stores. The study, published in Cell Metabolism, suggests that activating this protein could help combat obesity and type 2 diabetes.
A new study at Children's Hospital Los Angeles has confirmed the neuroprotective effects of hypothermia on newborn brain metabolism, using MRS imaging. The study found that therapeutic hypothermia can almost double the chance of a healthy outcome for infants with HIE.
Researchers from the University of Edinburgh built complex computer models to understand why cells developed pathways to convert sugar into energy. The study suggests that these metabolic systems evolved to produce more energy compared to alternative pathways.
Researchers found that impairments in mitochondria can deplete cellular energy levels and cause neuronal dysfunction in a model of neurodegenerative disease. The study revealed the energy threshold needed to support synaptic vesicle cycling, highlighting the importance of mitochondrial function in brain cells.
Researchers found that blocking glycolysis makes cancer cells more susceptible to death by starvation, potentially enhancing the effectiveness of taxol. This breakthrough could lead to new therapies against various cancers.
A recent study found that adding adenosine triphosphate to pulmonary vein isolation treatment for atrial fibrillation did not significantly reduce late recurrences of the condition. The study, which included 2,113 patients, used ATP to identify and address potential gaps in electrical conduction around the pulmonary veins.
Brain cells in Parkinson's disease are vulnerable due to high energy consumption, which can lead to exhaustion and cell death. This discovery may lead to new treatment strategies for reducing energy consumption or improving energy production in neurons.
A recent analysis found that women's professional tennis players exhibit less consistency in their performance compared to men, primarily due to differences in match format. The study revealed that women's matches, which are best-of-three sets, resulted in lower frequencies of upsets and letdowns at Grand Slam events.
Researchers at OIST have developed a way to prevent noble metal nanoparticles from compacting by encapsulating them individually in a porous shell made of a metal oxide. This technique improves the rate of electrochemical reactions in methanol fuel cells, leading to more efficient fuel cell performance.
Researchers have discovered that white fat can be transformed into a form resembling brown fat, increasing metabolic rate and lowering blood glucose levels. This finding has significant implications for the treatment of complications associated with obesity and sedentary lifestyle.
Researchers discovered KLF4's pivotal role in controlling mitochondrial biology, which produces energy for cells. The study found that a lack of KLF4 leads to reduced energy production, particularly problematic in the heart, leading to heart failure and death.
Research demonstrates impaired activation of mitochondrial energy metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes, leading to decreased insulin secretion. A novel fluorescence microscopic assay reveals a subtle disharmony between bioenergetic supply and demand pathways, suggesting a shift towards systems-level approaches to fight the disease.
Researchers have determined the structure of a simple bacterial cell membrane pump that controls protein passage, offering new insight into bacterial manipulation. The PCAT pump, a single-protein machine, recognizes and processes cargo before pumping it out of the cell.
The 2013 ACC/AHA guidelines outperform the 2004 ATP III guidelines in identifying increased risk of cardiovascular disease and subclinical coronary artery disease. Statin treatment eligibility is higher among those applying the new guidelines, leading to a significant reduction in CVD events.
The new ACC/AHA guidelines for statin eligibility better predict cardiovascular risk by considering coronary artery plaque levels. The guidelines were found to identify adults at higher risk more accurately than previous guidelines, leading to a potential reduction of 41,000 to 63,000 cardiovascular events over 10 years.
The UT Arlington team has developed an all-vanadium photo-electrochemical flow cell that enables large-scale solar energy storage even at night. This innovation overcomes a major limitation of current solar technology, allowing for uninterrupted energy storage around the clock.
Scientists found a thick band of microtubules in retina neurons that serve as a 'transport road' for mitochondria, crucial for sustained visual processing. This discovery sheds light on how bipolar cells meet their high energy demands.
Researchers found that the KaiC protein encodes the Earth's 24-hour rotation period at an atomic level. The protein's structure and reactivity regulate molecular rhythms, which could lead to new therapies for circadian rhythm disorders.
Researchers at UCLA have created a novel system that can store solar energy for several weeks, unlike current systems which only hold energy for a few microseconds. The breakthrough design is inspired by photosynthesis and uses polymer donors and nano-scale fullerene acceptors to separate charges.
Winning fish in Siamese fighting fish battles can generate more muscle energy than losing fish, highlighting the crucial role of biochemical processes. The study reveals how energy metabolism affects aggression in animals, contradicting the assumption that only conspicuous traits like antlers drive success.
Scientists at ETH Zurich have developed a new method to manipulate the buckling profile of ceramic membranes, significantly enhancing their conductivity. This breakthrough has far-reaching implications for industries such as energy conversion and electronics.
Researchers have identified novel populations of nerve cells that regulate appetite, thermogenesis, and physical activity. Deleting the BDNF gene impairs thermogenesis and causes hyperphagia and severe obesity. The study reveals two distinct types of BDNF neurons with different biological roles.
Scientists at OIST eliminated problematic pinholes in perovskite solar cells, significantly improving their lifetime and reducing thickness. The breakthrough enables more efficient energy conversion, with improved durability and potential cost-effectiveness.
Researchers at Northwestern University develop first artificial molecular pump, mirroring the pumping mechanism of life-sustaining proteins in living cells. The tiny machine can force molecules to move against their natural flow, storing energy for potential use in molecular machines and artificial muscles.
Researchers discovered that Escherichia coli bacteria can cooperatively share resources by breaking down glucose into acetate and exchanging it with other cells. This behavior emerged spontaneously in simulated colonies as oxygen levels decreased, allowing cells to adapt and thrive.
Researchers at NYU Langone discovered that mitochondria are essential for stem cell development, directly controlling the growth and maintenance of inner membranes inside mitochondria. The study found that blocking ATP synthase stalled egg cell development from stem cells in fruit flies.
Neurons, not astrocytes, consume glucose and produce lactate in the brain, according to a groundbreaking study published in Nature Communications. This discovery has significant implications for understanding neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's and stroke.
Scientists have developed a new X-ray imaging technique to better understand lithium-ion rechargeable batteries containing iron fluoride. The technique allows for precise visualization and measurement of chemical changes at the nanoscale, enabling improved understanding of electrochemical reactions in these batteries.
Researchers have created a new basis for streamlined and more efficient energy technologies by discovering graphene's ability to serve as a proton-selective permeable membrane. This breakthrough could facilitate improvements in fuel cell production, transportation, and use, addressing key issues like size and efficiency.
Researchers at PNNL found that natural gas solid oxide fuel cells can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 56% compared to conventional coal plants, while also lowering electricity costs. The technology could play a significant role in meeting future energy demand and help offset costs by selling excess power back to the grid.
Testing at NREL aids solar power in Hawaii by quantifying transient LRO conditions, allowing HECO to increase its penetration limits for rooftop solar from 120% to 250% of minimum daytime load.
Researchers at Lund University successfully tracked supersonic electrons through a light-converting molecule, finding that the conversion of light to chemical energy happens rapidly without energy loss as heat. The study provides insights into constructing molecules for artificial photosynthesis, paving the way for solar fuel production.
A new study from Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health suggests that manipulating the central nervous system's energy-sensing pathway can cause organisms to perceive their cells as in a low-energy state, even if they are eating normally and energy levels are high. This process may offer an alternative to caloric restriction for pro...
Researchers found that adding magnetite nanoparticles increases the performance of polymer solar cells, allowing them to convert more incident light into electrical power. The addition of heavy elements enables a material conversion that prolongs the lifetime of electron-hole pairs, leading to higher efficiency.
Researchers identified a novel mechanism in mitochondrial RNA maturation, involving the protein FASTK. This discovery provides insights into mitochondrial genetic diseases and their treatment.
Researchers found impaired energy metabolism in Mfn2-deficient cells due to reduced coenzyme Q levels. Supplementing with coenzyme Q partially restored respiratory chain function, suggesting a potential treatment for patients with Mitofusin 2 deficiency diseases.
A recent study published in JAMA found that creatine monohydrate treatment did not improve clinical outcomes for patients with early and treated Parkinson disease. The study, which followed 1,741 participants for up to 8 years, suggests that creatine may not be a viable treatment option for slowing disease progression.
Biochemists elucidate protein complex structure in the respiratory chain, a crucial process for cellular energy production. The study reveals how complex I switches between active and inactive forms, shedding light on its role in disease, including Parkinson's and myocardial infarction.
A recent mouse study from Johns Hopkins Medicine found that modifying fat cells' metabolism does not result in obesity. The research team discovered that even when fat cells cannot burn fat, mice do not become overweight.
A study from Johns Hopkins Medicine found that people with less mitochondrial DNA in their blood are more likely to be frail and die earlier. The researchers hope to develop a test that can predict frailty and identify individuals who can benefit from lifestyle changes or medication.
A new study from Lund University reveals a special oat oil preparation can produce greater satiety, leading to reduced energy intake. The unique composition of the oat oil, featuring polar fats, delays fat breakdown and stimulates the release of three key satiety hormones.
A new study shows that senior citizens who run regularly can walk as efficiently as 20-year-olds, while those who only walk expend more energy. The research suggests that running helps slow down the aging process and improves independence.