Articles tagged with Brain Tumors
Scientists at Baylor College of Medicine have discovered specific 3D genome features called TULIPs in the DNA of posterior fossa group A (PFA) ependymoma, a type of brain tumor commonly diagnosed in young children. These features are unique to PFA ependymoma and could be targeted for new treatments.
A team of researchers has created a molecular atlas of the human brain's vasculature, revealing how endothelial cells regulate interactions between the bloodstream and surrounding tissues. The study provides insights into the growth patterns of blood vessels in early development, adulthood, and disease stages.
Researchers identified a population of stem-like cells that initiates and maintains Group 3 medulloblastoma (Gr3-MB) in the developing brain. Eliminating these cells led to tumor shrinkage in preclinical models, suggesting a novel approach for treating children with Gr3-MB.
Researchers have developed a minimally invasive surgical technique to remove lesions in the skull base region, reducing damage to the brain and preserving neurological functions. The endoscopic approach results in shorter operative times and less blood loss compared to conventional microscopic surgery.
Researchers have developed procedures for using gold nanostars to perform more efficient, conformal, and safe laser ablations for treating brain tumors. This technique addresses limitations in traditional LITT by providing improved precision for lesions greater than 3 cm or with complex shapes.
Scientists are conducting a clinical trial to explore the use of anti-retroviral medications Ritonavir and Lopinavir as a potential treatment for brain tumors in patients with Neurofibromatosis 2. The study aims to determine if these drugs can help reduce tumor growth and survival in NF2 patients.
Researchers at Linköping University and the Medical University of Graz have developed a new cancer treatment using an iontronic pump to deliver continuous, low-dose chemotherapy directly to brain tumors. This approach significantly reduces tumor growth by bypassing the blood-brain barrier, a common obstacle to effective treatment.
Researchers developed a rapid genotyping test for patients with central nervous system lesions, detecting key mutations associated with brain cancers in samples taken during a lumbar puncture. The test eliminated the need for surgical brain biopsies in seven cases and significantly accelerated time to treatment, from an average of 12 d...
Researchers at the University of Michigan Health Rogel Cancer Center discovered that pediatric DIPG tumors have a distinct metabolic pathway that allows them to evade treatment. By inhibiting this pathway, radiation therapy became effective in killing cancer cells.
Researchers developed a novel immunotherapy approach using ultrasound to deliver chemotherapy and antibodies to the brain, boosting immune system recognition of glioblastoma cells. The treatment showed promise in improving responses to PD-1 blockade in patients with advanced brain tumors.
A new surgical platform using mass spectrometry identifies key gene mutations in brain cancer, including IDH mutations, during surgery. This allows for rapid diagnosis, prognosis, and tumor resection to improve patient outcomes.
A new study using next-generation molecular sequencing and DNA methylation profile analysis identified a rare type of pediatric brain tumor with specific genetic alterations. The tumors were found to be clinically aggressive but some responded well to chemotherapy, highlighting the need for personalized treatment strategies.
Researchers found that middle fossa craniotomy significantly improved hearing preservation and quality of life for patients after removing an acoustic neuroma. The study showed excellent facial nerve outcomes in 94% of patients, while 68% preserved their hearing.
Researchers at Ben-Gurion University have discovered a molecular mechanism that enables cancer cells to survive under glucose starvation. By targeting this pathway, they aim to develop a molecule that can block the survival of tumor cells while leaving healthy cells unaffected.
A new AI tool, DEPLOY, has been developed to predict DNA methylation and classify brain tumors into 10 major subtypes with remarkable accuracy. This technology addresses the need for rapid diagnosis and availability of tests in hospitals worldwide.
Cancer cells hijack natural metabolic response to glucose deficiency by targeting protein 4EBP1, which blocks fat production in absence of sugar. Blocking this switch can lead to cell death and potentially serve as novel therapeutic target for aggressive brain tumors.
Researchers at UCLA Health Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center have found a combination immunotherapy treatment that enhances the immune response for people with malignant gliomas. Adding an immune-boosting agent, poly-ICLC, to a personalized dendritic cell vaccine improves the immune response and activity of T cells in patients.
Researchers at Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center have developed a nanoparticle that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier, potentially targeting both primary breast cancer tumors and brain metastases in one treatment. The method shows early promise in preclinical models, where it shrinks breast and brain tumors.
Researchers at the University of Seville discovered Galectin-3's crucial role in brain tumour progression, finding its inhibition significantly reduces glioblastoma size and brain metastases. Inhibition promotes pro-inflammatory markers and reverses immunosuppressive biomarkers, leading to improved outcomes.
Glioblastoma cancer cells change their appearance and behavior to evade T-cell attack, rendering immunotherapy ineffective. Researchers found that these 'plastic' cells can also exhaust T-cells, making glioblastoma resistant to treatment.
A new atlas of early brain development has been created, allowing researchers to understand the genetic processes behind brain tumor formation in children. The study's findings may lead to new treatments for this rare but deadly disease.
A new mRNA cancer vaccine has been shown to trigger a vigorous immune response in both human patients and pet dogs with glioblastoma, the most aggressive form of brain cancer. The breakthrough treatment, which uses a personalized approach and novel delivery mechanism, demonstrates promising results in early clinical trials.
A team of Purdue researchers has developed a novel immunotherapy to combat glioblastoma, a type of brain tumor with limited treatment options. The treatment uses genetically engineered stem cell-derived natural killer cells that can target and eliminate tumors without the need for blood sourcing.
A study by researchers at Washington University School of Medicine has found that a drug used to treat epilepsy can prevent brain tumor formation and growth in mice with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). The drug, lamotrigine, was shown to be effective at lower doses than those used for epilepsy, and its effects were lasting. The finding...
Researchers at Tampere University and Hospital discovered that aberrant DNA methylation contributes to the development of aggressive AT/RT brain tumors in young children. This finding paves the way for a deeper understanding of the disease and potential new treatments.
MD Anderson researchers presented studies on combination therapies for AML and lung cancer, tumor microbiomes in immunity, and improved HPV screening. Genetic markers predict extended survival with KRAS inhibitors and may identify patients who benefit from novel combinations.
The University of Cincinnati Cancer Center team has opened a Phase 2 clinical trial to test a new combination treatment for glioblastomas, a deadly form of brain tumors. The treatment uses letrozole, a drug that targets an enzyme present in breast cancer cells, and temozolomide, a chemotherapy drug already approved as a GBM treatment.
Researchers at Mass General Cancer Center have achieved dramatic tumor regression in glioblastoma patients after receiving next generation CAR-T therapy. The treatment, known as INCIPIENT, combines two forms of therapy to target mixed cell populations within tumors.
Early trial results from six patients with recurrent glioblastoma show reduced tumor sizes after administering dual-target CAR T cells targeting EGFR and IL13Rα2 intrathecally. This 'dual-target' approach may outsmart the defense systems of GBM, leading to more effective therapies.
A novel AI-based and non-invasive diagnostic tool, DISCERN, enables accurate brain tumor diagnosis with high accuracy, surpassing conventional methods. The tool leverages deep learning to identify behavioral patterns on imaging specific to each tumor.
A new model of glioblastoma's key feature, oncostreams, could help scientists understand how to develop new treatments for this aggressive brain cancer. The model, developed by a team at the University of Michigan, identifies a potential inhibitor that appears to dismantle oncostreams, leading to better survival in mouse models.
Researchers at UCSF have identified AF1q as a universal biomarker for neuroblastoma, a highly aggressive and fatal form of childhood cancer. High-risk cases have a five-year survival rate of just 50%. The study found that silencing AF1q in neuroblastoma cells induces cell death and weakens tumor progression.
Researchers at Texas A&M University have discovered that meningiomas in humans and dogs share remarkable genetic similarities. This breakthrough could lead to the development of novel treatments applicable to both species, including access to therapy not available elsewhere for dog owners.
Recent advances in permeating the brain-blood barrier hold promise for using radiopharmaceuticals to treat brain tumors. Theranostic approaches show encouraging preliminary results, particularly for meningiomas and pediatric brain tumors.
A study conducted at a FAPESP-supported research center discovered a link between the protein VAPB and tumor cell proliferation in medulloblastoma, one of the most common and aggressive brain tumors in children. High expression of VAPB correlated with reduced patient survival.
Researchers from UPV propose using rCBV as a predictive marker to identify patients with moderately vascularized tumors who benefit most from bevacizumab treatment. This approach enhances treatment efficacy and improves clinical outcomes.
Researchers used a novel microscopy technique to image human brain tissue with unprecedented detail, revealing new cells and structures previously invisible. The method could help diagnose tumors, generate more accurate prognoses, and guide treatment decisions.
Researchers have identified regional biological signatures in invasive brain tumor margins of high-grade glioma, which could lead to improved diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Advanced MRI techniques may help distinguish between the genetic and molecular alterations, providing insights into resistance to treatment.
A new cancer GPS method uses a water-soluble, luminescent europium complex to evaluate the malignancy grade of model glioma tumor cells without causing harm. The method measures changes in the lifetime of the complex's red-light emission, revealing differences in tumor activity and growth processes between different malignancy grades.
Researchers aim to improve glioma treatment with direct light therapy that targets cancer cells without harming healthy ones. The project will investigate the efficacy and safety of this approach, potentially leading to improved treatment outcomes.
Researchers developed a new imaging technique to visualize the tumor microenvironment of glioblastoma, revealing insights into its pathology. The technique uses PET imaging with Carbon-11 acetate, tracking reactive astrocytes and distinguishing them from tumor cells.
Researchers have discovered that cancer cells in certain brain tumors, such as medulloblastoma with extensive nodularity (MBEN), undergo a process of maturation as they migrate within the tumor. This leads to a reduction in aggression and a more favorable course for the disease.
Researchers studied cellular functions in medulloblastoma to understand its genetic causes and develop targeted therapies. The study identified essential microproteins that play a crucial role in the survival of cancer cells.
A new framework has been established for standardized imaging of diffuse gliomas using amino acid PET, enabling the evaluation of treatment success and improving therapies. The RANO group has developed criteria that enable reliable imaging of tumor activity and extent.
Researchers at the Princess Máxima Center and Hubrecht Institute developed a new cortex organoid that more accurately captures essential features of the human brain. The mini-organs can be used to model pediatric brain tumors, offering potential targets for treatment.
A Phase II clinical trial has shown a clear clinical benefit of combining Dabrafenib and Trametinib in treating BRAF mutated low-grade paediatric gliomas. The combination therapy improved overall response rate by over four-fold and increased median progression-free survival.
Researchers developed a highly accurate way to predict the best treatment for patients with meningioma based on patterns of gene expression. The new approach could change treatment for nearly 1 in 3 people with meningioma, reducing radiation side effects and improving patient outcomes.
A $5 million NIH grant is expanding the University of Illinois Chicago's neurology tissue bank into a citywide effort to study epilepsy and brain cancer. The project will create a powerful new resource combining brain tissue data with clinical, functional, genetic, and 3D imaging information.
Researchers have discovered that tumors can hijack and exploit the nervous system's electrical signals to drive their growth and form working connections with healthy cells. This new field of medicine, cancer neuroscience, offers opportunities to target deadly forms of cancer, including brain tumors.
Researchers are testing a single target to weaken tumors and strengthen immune cells in pediatric brain tumor patients. The goal is to improve the effectiveness of CAR-T therapy, which has shown promise but also leads to exhaustion of immune cells.
In a phase I trial, an oncolytic virus treatment designed by Brigham researchers extended survival among patients with recurrent glioblastoma, especially those with pre-existing viral antibodies. The therapy reshaped the tumor's surrounding environment to stimulate an anti-tumor immune response.
A new AI tool provides fully automated, easy-to-use evaluation of brain tumors using amino acid PET scans. The deep learning-based segmentation algorithm assesses treatment response with quality comparable to that of an experienced physician.
Researchers discovered that targeting TUG1 can control brain tumor growth in mice, suggesting a potential strategy to combat aggressive brain tumors. By inhibiting TUG1, the therapy significantly suppressed tumor growth and improved survival rates when combined with standard treatment.
Researchers at UMC Utrecht developed a deep-learning algorithm that can identify brain tumor types within 20-40 minutes, allowing neurosurgeons to adjust surgical strategies on the spot. This technology has shown promising results and is already being used in clinical practice.
A research team led by HKUST developed an AI-powered model to predict glioma patients' prognosis and identify early predictors of tumor evolution under therapy. The model, CELLO2, uses genomic and transcriptomic data from 544 glioma patients to accurately predict treatment-induced hypermutation and grade progression.
Researchers have developed a novel zebrafish xenograft platform to screen for novel treatments for glioblastoma, an aggressive brain tumor. The platform uses zebrafish avatars to model glioblastoma cells from individual patients, allowing researchers to identify patient-specific targets and potential treatments.
Cancer researchers at University of Cincinnati Cancer Center are exploring a new method called lattice therapy, which delivers higher doses to tumors and lower doses to surrounding tissues. The approach has shown promise in reducing treatment time and improving patient outcomes for head and neck, lung, and brain tumors.
A new set of criteria, RANO 2.0, has been proposed to improve the assessment of progression in glioma patients and accelerate the development of new treatments for brain tumors.
A recent study by Sylvester Cancer researchers used machine learning tools to predict tumor growth patterns in glioblastoma patients. The model achieved an overall accuracy of 86% in predicting three outcome classes, with 93% accuracy when predicting between no progression and any kind of progression.
A new drug called vorasidenib has been shown to significantly slow tumor growth and extend the average time until tumor growth in patients with grade 2 IDH-mutant gliomas. This breakthrough could offer a first early treatment option for these cancer patients, potentially improving their quality of life.