Articles tagged with Irradiation
Designing alloys to withstand extreme environments is a fundamental challenge for materials scientists. Researchers found that exploiting the complexity of equal amounts of up to four different metallic elements can lead to improved radiation resistance. The results reveal significantly reduced defect production and damage accumulation...
Two studies found hypofractionated radiation therapy to have substantially lower rates of acute and short-term toxic effects compared to conventionally fractionated therapy, with improved patient-reported outcomes. The treatment also showed comparable tumor control and lower costs.
The study found that regional node irradiation had a marginal impact on overall survival for patients with stage I, II, or III breast cancer. This was accompanied by improved disease-free and distant-disease-free survival rates, but long-term radiation effects remain unknown.
A study found that additional radiation to lymph nodes reduces breast cancer recurrence, but does not increase overall survival. The treatment was associated with limited toxicity and is recommended for women with axillary node-positive or high-risk node-negative breast cancer.
Researchers found that adult childhood cancer survivors are at risk for pituitary hormone deficiencies due to cranial irradiation, impacting health and quality of life. The study highlights the need for lifelong health screenings for this population.
A novel superconducting transistor can be switched reversibly between ON and OFF by light-irradiation, opening a way to new high-speed devices. The device uses a photo-active electric double layer and can be controlled by both gate-voltage and light-irradiation.
A £1 million project at the University of Huddersfield will provide scientific data for safe and reliable nuclear reactors. The research will investigate radiation damage on materials, addressing the UK's shortage of nuclear scientists.
Researchers investigated GaN-based LED structure irradiation with protons and found increased resistance in p-type GaN layers compared to n-type. The observed increase is attributed to lower initial carrier density in p-type GaN, resulting from inadequate doping technology.
A new study published in PLOS Pathogens shows that an irradiation plus transplantation combination approach can treat or even possibly cure HIV/AIDS in nonhuman primates. The treatment eliminated most of the animals' CD4-T cells, allowing their own virus-free hematopoietic stem cells to regenerate blood and immune cells.
Researchers tested a stem cell transplant approach on infected rhesus macaques, finding that it failed to eliminate the HIV-like virus and its reservoirs. The study's results suggest that myeloablative total body irradiation can decrease viral reservoirs in blood cells, but may not be sufficient for a cure.
A new breast cancer radiation trial offers once-weekly regimens with no adverse effects, resulting in better completion rates and lowered costs. The study found that this approach allows for more convenience and choice for patients, improving their ability to complete treatment, while reducing costs by up to 50-60%.
A team of researchers has devised a method to rapidly test the structural materials used in nuclear reactors, closely replicating damage caused by high-energy neutrons. The technique uses high-energy ion beams to damage samples of ferritic-martensitic steel, allowing for the development of more resilient components for advanced reactors.
Researchers found that X-ray irradiation damages cortical neurons by altering their cytoskeleton and cytomechanics. The study suggests that heavy ion beams may have a biological advantage over X-rays in protecting normal brain tissue during cranial radiotherapy. This could lead to improved treatment outcomes for patients.
A team of scientists led by Prof. Claudia Waskow has successfully generated a mouse model that supports human blood stem cell transplantation without irradiation, enabling the study of human blood development in a physiological setting. This breakthrough could lead to improved treatment options and disease research for patients with he...
Scientists from MIPT, RAS, Kurchatov Institute and Kintech Lab Ltd have developed a new method to synthesize nickel-carbon compounds using electron irradiation. The study reveals potential electronic, magnetic and optic features of these compounds.
A new treatment approach has been proposed to prevent intestinal inflammation in cancer patients. Researchers suggest using IL-1b beta blocking reagents, such as Anakinra, to alleviate mucositis, a common side effect of chemotherapy and irradiation.
Theoretical physicists use numerical simulations to analyze the uniformity of irradiation at thermonuclear fusion reaction, with potential applications to the Orion facility's high-power laser beams. The approach demonstrates a reduction in non-uniformity by 50% and 35% for elliptical and circular intensity profiles respectively.
USDA scientists developed a hormone treatment to strengthen male Mexican fruit flies, allowing them to compete with wild-type males for female mates more effectively. The therapy uses methoprene and hydrolyzed protein supplements, resulting in faster maturation and improved mating success.
Research suggests racial/ethnic disparities exist in the use of cranial CT scans among children with minor blunt head trauma, particularly for those at lowest or intermediate risk. Children from white non-Hispanic backgrounds may be more likely to undergo the procedure, while those from black or Hispanic backgrounds have lower odds.
A randomized trial found that highly targeted irradiation had equally good results as whole breast radiotherapy in early stage cancer, with a lower risk of adverse effects. The treatment reduced the rate of local recurrence by 0.8% and improved cosmetic outcomes by 18%, making it a potential game-changer for breast cancer patients.
A study published in Applied and Environmental Microbiology found that electron-beam irradiation can inactivate viruses on leafy greens, reducing the risk of foodborne illness. The research provides quantified data on the reduction in health risks through this technology, which could lead to greater adoption in the fresh produce industry.
A study found APBIb use increased from 0.4% to 6.6% between 2000 and 2007, with wide regional disparities and racial/ethnic differences in utilization. The authors suggest unwarranted variation in practice may be present, highlighting the need for further research on APBI effectiveness.
Research on low-dose X-ray irradiation reveals significant reduction in aerobic bacteria and mold/yeast populations, while maintaining sugar levels in asparagus. The study found that X-ray treatment can enhance consumer safety by decreasing the number of viable microorganisms.
Women treated with brachytherapy experienced a twofold increased risk for losing their breasts compared to those treated with whole-breast irradiation. Brachytherapy also led to nearly a twofold higher risk of postoperative infections and complications, as well as radiation-related side effects.
A new polymeric material has been developed that can disassemble in response to low-level near infrared light, making it suitable for non-invasive medical procedures. This breakthrough could allow previously inaccessible target sites to be reached for diagnosis and treatment.
Harvard researchers develop rigorous mathematical theory to predict surface stability or instability under irradiation over time. The theory reveals that the cumulative effect of atoms knocked around, not blasted away, determines surface stability.
Researchers at Texas AgriLife developed a method to reduce food irradiation levels by cutting them in half. This method uses pure oxygen to kill 99.999 percent of salmonella, E. coli, and other pathogens on fresh produce. The process preserves quality while reducing radiation needed, resulting in safer and more nutritious produce.
Ex-RAD shows significant radioprotective benefit in mice exposed to lethal whole body irradiation, with oral administration producing a high survival rate. The study demonstrates the ability of Ex-RAD to provide radioprotective benefit by injection and oral delivery.
Researchers used quantum molecular dynamics and transmission electron microscopy to discover an intermediate step in the cleaning process. Electron irradiation prevented loop formation, allowing for efficient edge cleaning and improving graphene's suitability for electronics.
A new study published in The Lancet found that women who underwent radiation therapy as children are more likely to experience stillbirths or baby deaths when attempting to conceive. In contrast, no increased risk was found for men exposed to similar levels of radiation. The authors suggest that uterine damage may be the primary factor...
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine found that blocking blood vessel formation prevents brain tumor recurrence in mice. Disrupting the SDF-1/CXCR4 interaction prevented tumor regrowth by abrogating functional tumor vasculature.
Researchers achieved a world record by consuming approximately 19% of its low-enriched uranium, more than double the previous record. The advanced fuel design demonstrates robustness and safety, paving the way for commercial-scale HTGR fuel production.
Research found that childhood cancer survivors who received total body or abdominal radiation had a higher prevalence of diabetes, with those receiving abdominal irradiation at highest risk. The study suggests that clinicians should screen for diabetes and prediabetes in these patients and implement aggressive risk-reducing strategies.
Researchers have found a way to increase sensitivity of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) by doping samples with paramagnetic copper-acid solution, reducing the waiting period from up to three seconds to 20 times.
Michigan State University scientists have successfully validated a pathogen-killing technology using X-rays, which can effectively eliminate E. coli and salmonella from leafy greens without altering product quality.
A randomized study found that accelerated hypofractionated whole breast irradiation is as effective as standard five-week treatment in reducing local recurrence and side effects. The new therapy reduces the radiation time to three weeks, resulting in a cost savings of two-thirds compared to traditional treatment.
Scientists at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital have discovered a new drug that can temporarily disable the ATM protein, making tumor cells more susceptible to irradiation and chemotherapy. The treatment, CP466722, has no significant side effects, according to the study published in Cancer Research.
Carbon nanotubes' true mechanical properties have been measured by Northwestern University researchers using a novel nanoscale material testing system. The results match quantum mechanics predictions and reveal that irradiation can strengthen the structure by forming bonds between shells of the tube.
New research suggests that irradiation can effectively kill internalized pathogens beyond the reach of conventional chemical sanitizers, including E. coli and Salmonella. Studies show that washing alone may not be enough to reduce foodborne illnesses, highlighting the potential benefits of irradiation in reducing the risk.
Gene therapy administered intravenously protected healthy tissues in mice during whole-body irradiation, with 90% survival rate at 30 days. The therapy offered no harm to systemic function and could potentially provide wide-reaching public protection in radiation emergencies.
Prophylactic cranial irradiation reduces the risk of symptomatic brain metastases and prolongs survival in small-cell lung cancer patients with extensive disease. The EORTC trial results show a significant increase in one-year survival, from 13.3% to 27.1%, after receiving prophylactic cranial irradiation.
Researchers used high-tech lasers to test their effects on root canals and found they reduced bacteria amounts. The laser was also effective in eliminating bacteria and removing debris from the canal walls.
A new minimally invasive approach to partial breast irradiation offers an additional treatment option for women with early-stage breast cancer. The procedure uses ultrasound to guide balloon catheter placement, reducing the risk of damaging healthy tissue and allowing for a shorter treatment regime.
A study found that intravenous gene therapy protects normal tissue during whole-body radiation, leading to higher survival rates in mice. The therapy, administered before exposure, appeared to prevent the damaging effects of radiation, suggesting it is a viable delivery method for public protection in nuclear emergencies.
Researchers at NYU and Austria have developed a non-invasive imaging technique using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) that eliminates the need for external radiofrequency irradiation. This allows for lower energy deposition, enabling new applications in magnetic resonance microscopy.
A study found that high-dose anticancer chemotherapy and total body irradiation can cause a lack of permanent teeth and microdontia in children. The study, conducted by Päivi Hölttä, suggests that these treatments can have long-term effects on dental development.
A recent study found that whole-breast irradiation after lumpectomy significantly reduces the risk of recurrence in other parts of the breast. The use of tamoxifen in addition to radiation was associated with the lowest risk of recurrence.
Conducted studies show a strong majority of consumers favor irradiated ground beef, with surveys indicating 70-80% support the process when informed. Irradiation eliminates 99.9% of pathogens without changing taste or nutritional value.
A two-day symposium on food irradiation will examine the effects on meat flavor, antioxidant levels in fruit juices, and packaging material migration into food products. Researchers will also investigate irradiation's impact on astronaut meals and items sent through the mail.
Researchers have successfully used gene therapy to trigger saliva production in rats with damaged salivary glands, a condition similar to that experienced by head and neck cancer patients. The treatment involves infecting ductal cells with an adenovirus carrying the aquaporin gene, which allows them to produce fluid and secrete saliva.