Articles tagged with Irradiation
Researchers at Kyoto University have developed nanoantennas that significantly increase the efficiency and photoluminescence of white LEDs by replacing aluminum with titanium dioxide. This breakthrough enables the creation of intensely bright yet energy-saving solid-state lighting solutions.
A new project aims to develop a method for producing antimicrobial peptides, which have shown promise in overcoming antibiotic resistance. The peptides' ability to delay microbial resistance development makes them an attractive alternative to conventional antibiotics.
Researchers developed a laser-based approach to perform microbiopsies, enabling fast, painless tissue sampling with minimal damage. The novel technique uses laser ablation to extract tiny tissue volumes, which can be analyzed using virtual H&E imaging and other techniques in minutes, not hours.
A KAIST research team has developed a surface-lighting microLED patch for UV-induced melanogenesis inhibition. The patch demonstrated significant suppression of melanin synthesis and minimized epidermal photo-toxicity, making it a promising treatment option for skin diseases such as spots and freckles.
Researchers at CU Anschutz Medical Campus found that irradiating only select lymph nodes near a tumor can significantly decrease cancer recurrence and improve patient outcomes. This approach eliminates the source of immune cells for immunotherapy to work on, but preserving long-term systemic immune response.
Opaganib, an oral small molecule pill, shows potential as a nuclear radiation injury therapeutic for homeland security medical countermeasures and antitumor radiotherapy. The compound protects normal tissue from radiation damage and improves antitumor activity and response to chemoradiation.
A randomized phase III trial found that hypofractionated whole-breast radiation with concurrent boost is comparable to six weeks of treatment for patients with higher-risk disease, reducing tumor recurrence by 20-30%. The three-week course was non-inferior to the longer treatment in terms of tumor recurrence and cosmetic outcomes.
Polymers in cable insulation gradually lose their insulating properties due to radiation defects, leading to reduced electrical resistance. A hand-held hardness tester can detect proper insulation by measuring the hardness of the cable insulation.
A study found that resiliency and family support play a crucial role in helping Hispanic breast cancer survivors manage lymphedema. Adaptations such as modifying work tasks and seeking support from family members enable survivors to maintain their quality of life.
A recent study published in Frontiers in Pediatrics suggests that modern immunotherapies, such as CAR-T cell therapy, could replace traditional stem cell transplantation for high-risk ALL patients. The review also discusses the importance of reducing long-term side effects, including organ damage and secondary cancers.
A team at Max Born Institute develops methods to reliably create and guide magnetic skyrmions at controlled positions, enabling the study of their dynamics and potential applications in computing and data storage. By employing focused helium-ion irradiation and nanopatterned reflective masks, researchers can control the generation and ...
A new distributed recycling system using microwave irradiation recovers 97% of manganese oxide and zinc from spent alkaline batteries, outperforming conventional methods. The system's potential to reduce annual energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in Japan is estimated at 26,500 GJ and 1.54 Gg-CO2 eq, respectively.
Researchers at Tokyo University of Science have developed a fast and facile synthesis method for antibacterial amino acid Schiff base copper complexes using microwave irradiation. The new technique produces high-purity products with promising antimicrobial activity, overcoming the challenge of long synthesis times.
Researchers developed a nanocomposite coating method using Langmuir-Blodgett technology to improve wig durability, reducing UV damage, breakage, and static electricity. The new coating provides better coverage than previous methods and can be scaled up for mass production.
Researchers have found that light-based therapies such as photobiomodulation and photodynamics can effectively treat a range of post-COVID complications, including muscle and joint damage. The studies, conducted in Brazil, utilized laser irradiation, negative pressure, and other technologies to improve symptoms and promote healing.
Researchers at Waseda University demonstrate a novel zirconocene-catalyzed epoxide ring-opening reaction under visible light, expanding the reaction scope and regioselectivity. The approach enables accessible synthesis of elusive alcohol products with improved efficiency and environmental sustainability.
Researchers developed efficient metal-free polymeric scintillators for high-resolution X-ray imaging, outperforming conventional anthracene-based scintillators. The polymers exhibit multicolor radioluminescence and high photostability, enabling applications in radiation detection, medical diagnosis, and security inspection.
Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory have developed a retrofitted commercial refrigeration container to keep COVID-19 vaccines at ultra-low temperatures during transport. They've also identified and improved the usability of data to accelerate innovation in the bioeconomy, and investigated piezoelectric materials for radiation-...
A team of scientists at KAUST has developed a novel approach for cleaning biofouled membranes in anaerobic bioreactors, combining UV irradiation with bacteriophages to eliminate bacteria. The method improved upon individual treatments and was proven effective over four cleaning cycles.
Scientists from the University of Johannesburg found that shining two lasers on adult stem cells accelerates their transformation into different types of cells. The consecutive irradiation increases proliferation and differentiation under laboratory conditions, paving the way for potential therapies to repair damaged tissues.
Researchers have developed a new photodynamic tumor therapy that works for deep tumors, eliminating the need for external irradiation. The 'intelligent' drug consists of four components linked into a single molecule that brings its own light source and switches it on in acidic tumorous tissue.
A Russian-U.K. research team has proposed a theoretical description for the new effect of quantum wave mixing involving classical and nonclassical states of microwave radiation. The study builds on earlier experiments on artificial atoms, which serve as qubits for quantum computers and probes fundamental laws of nature.
Researchers found that early life irradiation-induced γH2AX foci persisted in adult mice, leading to brain aging and shortened lifespan. The study suggests a potential link between early life radiation exposure and later-stage neurodegenerative disorders.
A new bioactive packaging film made of chitosan, essential oils and nanoparticles can keep strawberries fresh for up to 12 days. The film has been tested against several types of pathogens, including Aspergillus niger, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium.
Researchers used simulations to determine optimal placement of a UVGI device to sterilize a space safely. They found that ceiling height and material reflectance had a major impact on efficiency and safety, recommending higher heights and low-reflectance materials.
A combined treatment of irradiation and essential oil vapors effectively destroys insects, bacteria and mold in stored grains. The addition of eucalyptus and tea tree essential oils improves effectiveness.
Researchers developed gold-phosphorus nanosheets that selectively oxidize methane to methanol with high efficiency. The nanosheets enable mild oxidation of methane into CH3 species, followed by oxidation via hydroxyl groups into methanol.
A new method enables specific inhibition and removal of DNA methylation at targeted locations using enzymatic photocaging. This technique involves attaching photocages to AdoMet analogues, which are then transferred to methylation sites, allowing for precise control over gene regulation.
A theoretical model shows that solar radiation, UV light, and antigenic shift/drift frequency drive the cyclicality of epidemics. The Italian team's work accurately reproduces seasonal patterns for various viruses, including influenza and SARS-CoV-2, and predicts high-intensity initial cycles followed by moderate-intensity annual cycles.
A team of scientists from KAUST has rediscovered the value of an old technique in studying proteins through NMR spectroscopy. By re-examining the molecular motions of proteins, they found that dynamic NOE provides more accurate information about protein flexibility and is less prone to errors, especially in flexible regions.
Researchers at Tokyo Medical and Dental University found that laser stimulation inhibits sclerostin expression in bone without causing inflammation, providing a new treatment possibility for osteoporosis. This method may aid the development of laser-based therapies to promote bone regeneration.
Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory developed a novel approach to estimate Nigeria's population using satellite imagery and a national sample survey. They also found that irradiation can slow corrosion of alloys in molten salt, and created a method for making carbon-based materials compatible with semiconductor circuitry.
A new study by Nagoya University reveals that narrow-range ultraviolet LED irradiation increases serum vitamin D levels and prevents the loss of bone and muscle mass in aging mice. This safe and stable method could be a promising approach for preventing and treating osteosarcopenia, a condition affecting daily life.
Researchers fabricated a visible light-activated photocatalytic film by doping nitrogen into TiO2 on commercial ceramic membranes. The N-TiO2 coating enhances stability under solar irradiation through redox reactions and increased surface hydrophilicity.
Researchers studied disposable N95 masks after gamma irradiation sterilization. The results show a significant decrease in filtration efficiency, compromising the masks' effectiveness against airborne pathogens.
A new study simulates electron dynamics during femtosecond laser ablation of MoS2, revealing two types of ablation mechanisms and distinct electron dynamics. The results show that higher fluence induces superheated liquid formation, leading to dramatic changes in reflectivity and micro-honeycomb structures.
Researchers have developed UVC LEDs emitting at 230nm that can destroy microorganisms without allowing resistances to develop. The system achieves high irradiation power and uniformity, making it suitable for killing MDR pathogens and inactivating coronaviruses.
Researchers have developed an edible coating using cranberry juice and citrus extract that makes noroviruses more sensitive to gamma irradiation, reducing treatment time by half while preserving food quality. This natural antimicrobial method can prevent cell breakdown and discolouration.
Researchers develop copper telluride nanoparticles that mimic enzymes, inducing oxidative stress and triggering inflammatory processes in tumor cells. This triggers an immune response, allowing the body to defend against metastasis and relapses.
A team of researchers has developed a novel anti-cancer prodrug called phorbiplatin, which can be controllably activated by low-intensity red light. This unique property reduces collateral damage and kills cancer cells while minimizing harm to normal tissues.
Researchers at Kanazawa University found that electron beam irradiation improves the mechanical properties of short-carbon-fiber reinforced thermoplastics. The treatment strengthens and lengthens carbon fibers, reducing the negative effects of crosslinking and increasing recyclability.
Researchers created a novel solid-state spin filtering device with artificial molecular motors that switch spin polarization direction by light irradiation and thermal treatments. The device demonstrates 4 times chirality inversion, allowing for precise control of spin-polarization direction in spin-polarized currents.
A new clinical trial has shown that partial breast irradiation produces similar long-term survival rates and risk for recurrence compared to whole breast irradiation for many women with low-risk, early stage breast cancer. The study found a 4.6% recurrence rate for partial breast irradiation and a 3.9% rate for whole breast irradiation.
Researchers at EPFL's LRESE have developed an enhanced photo-electrochemical system that can efficiently produce hydrogen using concentrated solar irradiation. The device has achieved a 17% conversion rate and is stable, with the ability to handle stochastic dynamics of daily solar irradiation.
Researchers developed a micelle-type nano-container that can be switched between assembled and disassembled states via light irradiation. The system demonstrated the release of guest molecules in water, showcasing its potential for non-invasive drug delivery.
Researchers at Delft University of Technology developed a new approach to calculate the fast estimation of solar energy potential in urban environments. The method uses two parameters derived from the skyline profile, which simplifies calculations and enables quick assessments of large urban areas.
Researchers at the University of Montpellier develop a clean conversion process for fused bicycles into spirocycles using activated 2,5-diketopiperazines as starting materials. The method demonstrates the versatility of ring contraction reactions and has potential applications in various fields.
Scientists at Tsinghua University and Beihang University developed a 'microtube pump' that can transport tiny amounts of fluid using sunlight-powered capillary forces. The pump consists of two layers with asymmetric properties that work together to accelerate water droplets to exceptional speeds.
The study found that accelerated partial breast irradiation (PBI) was not statistically superior to whole breast irradiation (WBI) in preventing ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence. However, PBI showed promise as a less burdensome treatment option for some women, with smaller differences in relapse-free interval and grade 3 toxicity.
Scientists developed a new method to produce nanodiamonds and silicon carbide with defined defects, utilizing neutron irradiation in nuclear reactors. This approach enables the efficient production of rare nanomaterials for medical applications, including cancer diagnostics.
Researchers at Tohoku University have discovered that terahertz wave irradiation activates the filamentation of actin protein. This non-invasive method could overcome problems with current drugs used to control actin filamentation and expand its applications in biological technologies.
Researchers developed an LC-TEM device to study the impacts of high-energy electron bombardment on nanoparticles and sensitive biological samples. The team successfully captured pristine images of cells using their multi-chamber device, revealing the effects of electron irradiation on cell dynamics.
Researchers found that ionizing radiation softens extracellular matrix stiffness, reducing cancer growth and migration. This could lead to improved fractionated radiation therapy and targeted drug delivery.
Researchers have synthesized a water-soluble warped nanographene that exhibits photodynamic properties, killing human cells upon irradiation. The material's biocompatibility and fluorescence make it suitable for bioimaging and potential therapeutic applications.
Researchers from Kumamoto University developed a method to activate silver nanoparticle antibacterial properties at will. Pulsed laser irradiation transformed the shape of gold-coated silver nanoparticles, increasing their antibacterial activity against E. coli.
Researchers discover that irradiation-induced disordering in materials differs from vitrification, leading to a more disordered atomic network resembling liquids. This finding has significant implications for material selection in nuclear applications and raises safety concerns.
Research found that Hodgkin lymphoma survivors who received chest irradiation had significantly more multi-vessel coronary artery disease and higher segment involvement scores compared to controls. The study suggests that patients should be screened for coronary artery disease at regular intervals after irradiation.
New research reveals that irradiation can effectively treat blueberries and grapes without compromising fruit quality. The study showed that irradiation at 400 Gy maintains blueberry and table grape quality sufficiently to meet transportation needs for overseas markets.
A PhD project from the National Food Institute found that certain genetic variations increase the risk of lower vitamin D levels in Danes. The study identified two genes, CYP2R1 and GC, as influencers of vitamin D status. Genetic predisposition may be used to identify individuals at risk of lower vitamin D levels.
Designing alloys to withstand extreme environments is a fundamental challenge for materials scientists. Researchers found that exploiting the complexity of equal amounts of up to four different metallic elements can lead to improved radiation resistance. The results reveal significantly reduced defect production and damage accumulation...