Articles tagged with Control Groups
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A University of Eastern Finland study found that small gallstones are often caused by idiopathic pancreatitis and can be prevented by laparoscopic gallbladder removal surgery. Statin use was also associated with an increased risk of acute pancreatitis, especially during the first year of use.
A University of Pittsburgh-led trial found that a text message-based program successfully reduced binge drinking among 18-25 year olds. After 12 weeks, participants who received the full program reported an average of one less binge drinking day per month and a 12% reduction in binge drinking.
A new study promoted better prescribing practices for urinary tract infections (UTIs), but unexpectedly saw an increase in antibiotic prescriptions. Patients were twice as likely to receive a first-line antibiotic, with nitrofurantoin being the preferred option.
A study found that group therapy significantly improves cardiovascular health by promoting healthy behaviors, including smoking cessation and increased physical activity. The intervention improved cardiovascular risk factors in 67% of participants compared to 56% in the control group.
A group-therapy intervention program achieves significant improvements in cardiovascular risk factors, including blood pressure, exercise, weight, diet, and tobacco smoking. The program also encourages participants to adopt healthy habits and increase physical activity.
A new study found that shared financial incentives between physicians and patients result in improved low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Patients in the shared physician-patient incentives group achieved reductions in LDL-C levels statistically different from those in other groups, with 49% meeting the LDL-C goal.
A new study published in Nature Neuroscience found that individuals with autism spectrum disorder struggle to transfer learned knowledge to new contexts when trained through repetition. In contrast, breaks in repetition allow autistic individuals to learn efficiently and generalize, promoting broader concept understanding.
Researchers found that exercise significantly improved glucose tolerance and weight loss in people with increased risk of type 2 diabetes due to family history, but the effect was similar among healthy individuals who also exercised regularly.
Infants under stress exhibit less flexible behavior when presented with new situations, unlike adults who also show reduced flexibility due to stress. This study suggests that repeated exposure to stress in infancy may hinder knowledge acquisition and have lasting effects on cognitive development.
A study analyzing civilian deaths in Syria from 2011 to 2015 found that explosive weapons had disproportionate lethal effects on women and children. Children were more likely to be fatal victims of air bombardments, shells, and ground level explosives than men or women.
A review of medical literature found that metformin use was associated with a small increase in height in children and adolescents with higher cumulative doses. However, the results were not significant for those with lower doses, indicating a potential need for longer-term studies to confirm these findings.
A field experiment with over 30,000 customers found that multichannel shopping generates higher profits for companies compared to single-channel purchases. The study identified a key marketing campaign that induces customers to use multiple channels without relying on financial incentives.
A study found that adding daily outdoor activities to school schedules for Chinese children resulted in a significant decrease in the rate of nearsightedness (myopia). After three years, the intervention group showed a 30.4% myopia incidence rate compared to 39.5% in control schools.
Researchers found that spinal manipulation provides immediate benefits for some patients with low-back pain, but has no effect on others. The study suggests that different groups of people respond differently to the treatment, highlighting the complexity of low-back pain and the need for personalized care.
The ALBATROSS study found that mineralocortoid receptor antagonists do not provide a benefit to heart attack patients without heart failure. However, in a subgroup of STEMI patients, MRA treatment may have a potential mortality benefit.
A new trial suggests that pacing may not be effective in preventing cardiac remodeling and improving functional or clinical outcomes in patients with large myocardial infarctions. The study, known as PRomPT, found no significant difference between patients who received pacing and those who did not.
Researchers used fMRI to distinguish first-episode psychotic patients from healthy controls while watching the movie. They found significant differences in brain activity, particularly in the precuneus region, which is associated with memory and self-awareness.
A brief motivational intervention at an emergency department did not improve outcomes for women involved in abusive relationships and heavy drinking. The study found no significant differences between the intervention group and the control group on weekly assessments for experiencing IPV or heavy drinking.
A two-year study found that reducing nicotine content did not increase quitting rates among smokers. The test group's nicotine levels returned to normal after returning to their usual brand of cigarettes, with low quitting rates observed.
A study published in the Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine found that retired professional rugby players exhibit more severe symptoms of cervical spine degeneration, including narrower vertebral canals and greater muscle mass. The researchers suggest that stronger paraspinal muscles may aid in controlling spinal pain in this group.
A new study found that a web-based tutorial can increase patients' understanding of knee surgery and enhance their experience. Patients who completed the tutorial reported higher levels of knowledge, satisfaction, and an improved surgical experience.
A Cornell study found that frequent self-weighing and tracking results effective for losing weight and keeping it off, particularly in men. Losing weight is regained in one year, but maintaining it requires consistent behaviors such as eating less and exercising.
Patients who viewed images of their calcified coronary arteries were more likely to stop smoking, lose weight and take statins. The study suggests that visualising health threats motivates patients to make changes, reducing plasma cholesterol levels and other risk factors.
A new University of Windsor-led study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that a sexual assault resistance education program significantly reduced the likelihood of completed rape among first-year university women. The EAAA program, which consists of four three-hour sessions, helped women assess risk, overcome emotio...
Researchers used a 3D simulator to test how individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder process sensory stimuli. Contrary to previous theories, the study found that autistic participants demonstrated intact multi-sensory integration in both coherent and noisy environments.
A randomized trial found that combining personalized risk assessments and diabetes education at ophthalmologic visits did not improve HbA1c levels in patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes. The study suggests that long-term optimization of glycemic control requires more extensive interventional paradigms.
A new study by LMU's Markus Paulus shows that preschoolers as young as 3 years old can anticipate negative feelings in others and adjust their behavior accordingly. The results suggest that a heightened awareness of the emotional consequences of being left out is a stronger incentive to generosity than making the recipient happy.
A new study suggests that pulmonary rehabilitation can help reduce body mass index, improve pulmonary function, and decrease OSA severity in newly diagnosed patients. The treatment was found to be beneficial in addition to CPAP therapy.
A nationwide sample of patients in Sweden with biopsy-certified celiac disease were examined to identify the risk of developing neuropathy. The study found a significant association between celiac disease and an increased risk of neuropathy, with absolute risks of 64 per 100,000 person-years for those with celiac disease.
Researchers found that alcohol addiction is associated with a significantly increased risk of mortality in general hospitals, with patients dying an average of 7.6 years earlier than non-addicted patients. The study also identified 27 comorbid physical illnesses more frequently occurring in patients with alcohol addiction.
A new study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that healthy middle-aged and older adults can reduce their risk of heart disease by adapting to current UK dietary guidelines. The trial revealed significant reductions in blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and body weight.
A new brain shield device has shown improved in-hospital safety outcomes, including lower rates of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. The device also demonstrated benefits for patients' cognitive scores at discharge, with better performance on neurocognitive tests.
A study published in the International Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics found that an in-car alarm can cut crash rates for drivers over 60 by 50%, but had little effect on younger drivers. The team also discovered that female drivers under 35 responded safely to alarms, while males did not.
A new blood-based test has been developed to diagnose autism in young males as early as one to two years old, outperforming existing behavioral and genetic screens. The test uses genomic biomarkers that differentiate ASD toddlers from typically developing children with high accuracy.
A new study reveals that changes in the gut microbiota occur early in diabetes development, with beneficial bacteria more prevalent in those maintaining stable blood sugar control. The research suggests a link between gut bacteria and metabolic health, potentially informing strategies to prevent or manage Type 2 diabetes.
A University of Miami study found that short-form mindfulness meditation training reduces attentional lapses and mind wandering, enhancing cognitive resilience in military personnel. This technique can be beneficial for civilians in demanding professions as well.
A new study found that individuals with autism spectrum disorder tend to display uniquely individualistic brain organization patterns. The researchers suggest that these idiosyncrasies may be a result of disrupted interactions with the environment.
New research reveals that individuals with autism display 'idiosyncratic' brain synchronization patterns, which are distinct from those of typically developing individuals. This finding has significant implications for early diagnosis and future treatments of the disorder.
A self-directed walking programme in older people did not reduce incidence of falls, despite increasing mobility levels. Physical activity levels also rose, suggesting that exercise may be useful for overall health, particularly in those under 75.
A study by University of California - Berkeley Haas School of Business researchers finds that political correctness in the workplace boosts creativity among mixed-sex teams by clarifying expectations and reducing sexist language. This challenges the conventional view that PC constraints stifle creative expression.
Researchers find plant-based omega-3 alpha-linolenic acid effective in preventing cardiovascular disease, potentially reducing heart disease risk. Dietary recommendations should be amended to increase ALA consumption, according to experts.
A Rutgers-led study measures symmetry in elite track and field athletes, finding that symmetrical knees are associated with better times. The researchers discovered that the knees of Jamaican sprinters were more symmetrical than those of non-sprinting Jamaicans, with the most symmetrical knees belonging to 100-meter specialists.
A new transdiagnostic psychotherapy approach, CETA, has been found to be effective in reducing depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms among Burmese trauma survivors living in Thailand. The treatment resulted in a significant reduction of symptoms over an average of 3 months.
Researchers found that brain anatomy in MRI scans of people with autism above age six is mostly indistinguishable from that of typically developing individuals. The study's findings suggest that anatomical measures alone are likely to be of low scientific and clinical significance for identifying children, adolescents and adults with A...
Researchers found that individuals can control cooperative behavior in large groups by acting generously or punishing egoistic behavior. However, the effectiveness of these strategies decreases with an increasing number of players.
A study published at the ECNP congress found that individuals with photophobia (fear of bright light) experience medium to high levels of aversion to bright light. The research suggests a possible association between photophobia and panic disorder, but further studies are needed to confirm this relationship.
A new study at UC Berkeley found that mice fed a high-fat diet gained 18 percent less weight when drinking clarified grapefruit juice compared to water. The juice also improved glucose, insulin and triacylglycerol levels in mice.
A NYU study found that a classroom intervention program helps shy children improve their math and critical thinking skills, with effects substantially greater for shy kids compared to control group peers. The INSIGHTS program teaches teachers to recognize individual temperaments and support differences.
Research found patients with DPN display greater extremes in balance sway and variability during stair climbing, indicating difficulty regulating control of balance. This increases the risk of falls, especially on steep or long flights of stairs.
The CLEAN-TAVI trial found that using a cerebral protection device during TAVR significantly reduced the number and volume of cerebral lesions in high-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis. The study showed improved outcomes at two and seven days post-procedure.
Childhood cancer survivors do not adhere to the American Cancer Society's guidelines on healthy eating and physical activity, despite facing increased risk of second cancers, heart disease, and psychosocial problems. Only a small percentage of survivors meet fiber recommendations, and those who do tend to be healthier individuals.
A European trial with 13-year follow-up found that prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing can reduce prostate cancer deaths by about a fifth. However, due to the risk of over-diagnosis and overtreatment, routine PSA screening is not currently recommended.
A study found that offering food vouchers worth $9 or $15 resulted in a modest increase in circumcision rates among uncircumcised men in Kenya. The interventions also increased circumcision uptake among married and older participants, as well as those at higher risk of HIV acquisition.
A study published in Journal of General Internal Medicine found that hour-long home coaching sessions and follow-up phone calls reduced re-admission odds by 39% among Medicare patients. The average cost of care was also reduced by $3,700 per patient.
Patients with possible common duct stones who underwent immediate laparoscopic cholecystectomy had a shorter median length of hospital stay compared to those who received endoscopic evaluation first. The study found fewer common duct investigations in the former group, with no significant difference in illness or quality of life measures.
A study found that hematopoietic stem cell transplantation significantly improved long-term survival in patients with severe, life-threatening systemic sclerosis. In contrast, patients treated with intravenous cyclophosphamide experienced more adverse events and decreased overall survival.
An evidence-based behavioral intervention appears to increase supervised practice for teen drivers, leading to improved safety outcomes. The study found that for every 11 teenagers who use the Teen Driving Plan (TDP), one additional teenager would be prevented from failing the tODA assessment.
A study of 255 patients found that military personnel with concussive TBI caused by a blast or nonblast event had similar outcomes, including headache severity and depression. The study also found higher rates of moderate to severe disability in both TBI groups compared to control patients.
Researchers confirm the role of Phox2b-expressing neurons in detecting and modulating CO2 levels. The study reveals a small region of the brain maintains homeostasis by detecting adequate CO2 levels, which may help prevent sudden death cases.
A recent study published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine found that a text-messaging program helped over 11% of smokers quit smoking compared to just 5% of controls. The program provided personalized advice and reminders to help smokers stay on track with their quitting efforts.