Articles tagged with Control Groups
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new Northwestern University study finds that teaching positive emotion skills to men with HIV reduces their viral load and improves mental health. The intervention, which consisted of eight weekly sessions, also led to increased happiness and a stronger immune system.
A study published in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease found that individuals with a genetic predisposition to Alzheimer's disease had difficulty distinguishing novel figures called Greebles, even when others could not. This method may allow for earlier detection and potential treatment of the disease.
The UPV/EHU's Advanced Control Group has successfully developed a sliding mode controller to maintain maximum power point of solar panels despite changes in irradiation and load. This control system offers improved efficiency compared to traditional algorithms, which cause oscillating working points and diminish efficiency.
A recent study found that patients with higher levels of trust in the medical profession took their blood pressure medicine 93% of the time, compared to 82% for those with lower levels of trust. The study also linked trust to greater resilience and better health-related quality of life.
A recent study found that Embol-X and CardioGard devices did not significantly reduce overall number of brain infarcts during aortic valve replacement, but may affect size. However, patients treated with these devices experienced reduced delirium after surgery. Further research is needed to clarify potential health outcomes.
Participants in an online behavioral intervention for high blood pressure reduced their systolic blood pressure by 10 mmHg, compared to a 6 mmHg reduction for those taking part in a control group. The study found that lifestyle counseling can complement and optimize the effectiveness of medical therapy to reduce high blood pressure.
A new home-based telemedicine program will be developed and pilot-tested to treat multiple sclerosis patients. The program, funded by a $100,000 Genentech grant, aims to improve care for people with advanced MS living in medically underserved communities.
A systematic re-analysis of Chinese famine studies found no increases in diabetes, high blood pressure, and other chronic conditions among famine births, except for schizophrenia. The findings highlight an unrecognized flaw in common famine reports and suggest better indicators of famine exposure are needed.
Weekly Tai Chi sessions reduced systolic blood pressure by 10.25mmHg and increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) by 0.16mmol/L in adults with known stroke risk factors. The study suggests that continuing Tai Chi exercise may help prevent strokes.
A study published by University of Konstanz researchers found that praise from peers can motivate students to perform better, particularly those who are already high-achievers. However, this positive effect is limited for students whose grades fall just below the top threshold.
A trial testing a UK post-deployment screening programme found it ineffective in reducing symptoms of PTSD, anxiety, and alcohol abuse. Despite encouraging personnel to seek help, the program failed to improve mental health outcomes compared to standard general advice.
A new study by Drexel University and others found that youth soccer coaches can be as effective as professional athletic trainers in preventing injuries with short training programs. The 90-minute educational workshop improved movement technique for the majority of soccer players, reducing injury risk.
A randomized double-blind placebo controlled trial investigated the effects of recombinant antithrombin on gestation duration and neonatal morbidity in expectantly managed patients with early onset preeclampsia. No improvement was found in outcomes, with no reported safety events related to Recombinant Antithrombin.
A collaboration between two research teams has resolved a scientific controversy on calorie restriction's effects on aging. The study shows that restricting calories improves survival, reduces cancer, cardiovascular disease, and insulin resistance in adult and older primates but not in younger animals.
Researchers found that rudeness from a patient's family member negatively impacts medical team performance, leading to reduced diagnostic accuracy and communication. Interventions, such as cognitive-behavioral training, may help mitigate these effects, suggesting teaching medical professionals how to handle rudeness is crucial.
Researchers used mouse models to show that chicoric acid mitigates lipopolysaccharide-induced amyloidogenesis and memory impairment by inhibiting the NFκB signal pathway. Chicoric acid supplementation might be a plausible therapeutic intervention for neuroinflammation-related diseases.
A study funded by Grand Challenges Canada reveals that premature babies who received Kangaroo Mother Care in infancy exhibit reduced aggressive behavior, higher brain size, and increased financial success as adults. These benefits persist even 20 years later.
A groundbreaking contact lens therapy has been shown to be effective in slowing the progression of myopia in children, with a significant reduction in refractive error and axial length. The study also found high satisfaction rates among both children and parents, with rapid acceptance of contact lens wear.
Research from the University of Arizona shows that anger can lead to impulsive and deviant behavior, while guilt promotes careful and deliberate processing. Angry employees are more likely to cheat and engage in unethical behavior, whereas guilty employees exhibit less deviance.
A telephone-based intervention has shown promising results in combating alcohol abuse among active-duty military members. Participants reduced their drinking rates and were more likely to seek treatment after a one-hour personalized intervention session.
A recent study published in Brain and Cognition found that lexical and semantic knowledge related to food is relatively well preserved even in diseases like Alzheimer's and Aphasia Primary Progressive. Food information was processed better than non-food, with caloric foods being more resiliently remembered.
A new study from the University of Pennsylvania found that competition significantly motivates people to exercise more than friendly support. The study, which recruited nearly 800 Penn students, showed that attendance rates were 90% higher in competitive groups compared to a control group. Meanwhile, team support actually led to lower ...
A study by the American Society for Horticultural Science found that gardening significantly improves physical and cognitive functions in older women. Participants showed reduced waist circumference, improved aerobic endurance, and enhanced hand dexterity. In contrast, those who did not garden experienced increased depression symptoms.
A Kansas State University researcher found that political skill is the only interpersonal skill to have an independent positive relationship with transformational leadership and job satisfaction. Developing this skill can increase work engagement and satisfaction, benefiting organizations.
A systematic review of brain-training studies found limited evidence supporting claims of improved cognitive abilities in daily life. The researchers identified numerous methodological flaws, including inadequate control groups and a lack of measures for real-world performance.
Elementary school students who attended summer learning programs for at least 20 days experienced benefits in math and reading. High attenders showed a 20-25% academic advantage, while also exhibiting stronger social and emotional competencies.
A study published in JAMA Pediatrics found that an intervention pairing caregivers with navigators to address family social needs decreased reported needs and improved child health status. Caregivers assigned to the intervention group reported fewer social needs and better overall child health compared to those in a control group.
A new study by University College London found that smoking cannabis makes people less willing to work for money in the short term. The researchers tested motivation levels in volunteers and cannabis addicts, finding no difference between the two groups when not under the influence.
A study published in American Journal of Public Health found that using stand-biased desks in classrooms for two consecutive years reduced the BMI percentile of children by 5.24%. The study, conducted over a two-year period, involved 193 third- and fourth-grade students at three Texas elementary schools.
Researchers exposed mice to 23 fracking chemicals, finding altered hormone levels and ovarian development. The study suggests adverse reproductive outcomes in animals and potentially people.
A pan-European study found that personalized nutrition advice led to significant improvements in diet quality, including reduced red meat consumption and increased folate intake. Participants who received personalized guidance had better health outcomes compared to those receiving generic dietary advice.
A study published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology found that incentive payments led to an increase in quit rates among low-income smokers. At 18 months, almost 6 percentage points higher abstinence rates were observed among those who received financial incentives.
A new cerebral protection device has been shown to reduce the number and volume of brain lesions in high-risk patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation. The study found significant reductions in brain damage and adverse events, but calls for further research to assess long-term effects.
A study sent twice-weekly text messages to 1 million people in India advising them to exercise, eat less fat, and eat more fruits and vegetables, resulting in a 40% improvement in health behaviors. The intervention increased fruit and vegetable consumption and reduced fat consumption.
An online behavioural counselling tool has been shown to be effective in helping people lose weight and sustain weight loss. Participants who used the Positive Online Weight Reduction (POWeR+) programme with brief support from a practice nurse lost more weight than those without, with an average weight loss of over 1kg over 12 months.
A UBC professor found that government policy professionals give more credibility to reports from academics than think tanks or advocacy groups. The study's results suggest policymakers are skeptical of biased reports and may be relying too heavily on academic research.
Researchers found that playing action video games for as little as 5 hours can improve essential visuomotor-control skills used for driving. Experienced players showed greater precision in steering a virtual vehicle down the lane, while those with no gaming experience improved their skills after training.
A study found that palliative care-led informational and emotional support meetings did not reduce anxiety or depression symptoms among family members of patients with chronic critical illness. However, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms were higher in the intervention group compared to the control group.
Researchers at Drexel University found that an artificial sweetener, specifically D-mannitol, is toxic to female fruit flies, but not males. The study suggests that targeting females in insect control could reduce population growth and impact social insect pests.
Researchers developed a model to analyze online support for ISIS, identifying key behavioral patterns and predicting the onset of major violent events. The study found that pro-ISIS groups can adapt and regroup under different names, making them challenging to track.
A comprehensive hand hygiene program using alcohol-based hand sanitizers and wipes resulted in a 24.3% lower incidence of hand hygiene preventable insurance claims compared to the control group. The study also found 13.4% fewer sick episodes or unscheduled PTO, with 8 in 10 employees positively impacted by the program.
A clinical trial conducted by Michigan Medicine demonstrated the effectiveness of a low FODMAP diet in reducing symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The study found that over 50% of patients on the low FODMAP diet experienced major improvements in abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, and stool urgency compared to the control group.
A multicomponent intervention to reduce sitting time has shown potential health benefits, including a 0.61 percentage point reduction in body fat percentage after just one month.
A new study finds that both rate control and rhythm control strategies are acceptable in stable patients following cardiac surgery. The two approaches performed equally well in preventing abnormal heart rhythms, with similar lengths of stay and AFib-free rates at 60 days.
A new implantable medical device intended to stimulate the vagus nerve in heart failure patients did not significantly reduce hospitalization or death rates. However, it showed improvements in walking endurance and quality-of-life measures, with significant gains in distance walked and quality of life scores.
A new study has identified a significant link between intermittent explosive disorder and exposure to the common toxoplasma gondii parasite. Individuals with IED were found to be twice as likely to have been exposed to toxoplasmosis, which is typically carried by undercooked meat or cat feces.
A new study has linked a common parasite to repeated bouts of rage in individuals with intermittent explosive disorder (IED). Chronic latent infection with Toxoplasma gondii is associated with increased aggression and impulsivity in adults. The study found that IED patients are more than twice as likely to have been exposed to the para...
A Finnish study found that vegans often follow an unbalanced diet, leading to deficiencies in vitamin B12, D, selenium, iodine, and essential fatty acids. Vegans tend to use recommended supplements, such as calcium-fortified drinks and vitamin D supplements, but may need closer monitoring of their nutrient intake.
Researchers at Oxford University found that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) significantly improved motor skills in stroke patients. The study showed that tDCS reinforced training, leading to greater recovery and increased brain activity in relevant areas.
A new Penn study found that team-based incentives, combining individual and team performance rewards, nearly doubled the success rate of achieving exercise goals. Participants in this combined incentive group achieved their goal 35% of the time, compared to 17-18% for control and team incentive groups.
A study by Mitesh Patel found that combining individual and team incentives led to a significant increase in physical activity. Participants who received rewards for both individual and team performance averaged more steps per day than those with individual-only rewards.
A Finnish study found that family-based lifestyle counselling increased children's physical activity levels, improved diet quality, and reduced sedentary behaviour. The intervention also led to a higher intake of essential nutrients.
A new study from French Polynesia found a link between Zika virus infection and Guillain-Barré syndrome, a severe neurological disorder. The study analyzed 42 patients diagnosed with GBS during the Zika outbreak and found that most had symptoms of Zika virus infection before developing neurological symptoms.
A new randomized controlled study found that adults with prediabetes who followed a nationally-available weight management program with a prediabetes-specific component, Weight Watchers, lost significantly more weight and experienced better blood glucose control than those following a self-initiated program. The study suggests that nat...
Researchers found that motion-controlled video game players outperformed those with push-button controllers and no training in real-world putting, suggesting a potential for these games to enhance fine motor coordination. Further research is needed to explore the effects of motion-controlled games on larger-motor coordination skills.
A recent study conducted at the Cornell Food and Brand Lab found that cluttered kitchens can lead to over-snacking. Women who waited in a messy kitchen ate 53 more calories from cookies compared to those waiting in an organized kitchen.
A new study from Indiana University School of Medicine found that medical students with lower reflection scores are more likely to be cited for professionalism lapses. Reflective ability enhances students' capacity for empathy, compassion, and patient-centeredness, and is essential for their professional development.
Microbots are controlled using individual magnetic fields from an array of tiny planar coils, allowing for independent movement and cooperative manipulation tasks. This technology aims to enhance manufacturing and biomedical research applications.
A novel set of helmetless-tackling drills have been shown to significantly reduce head impacts in football players by 28% in one season. The HuTTTM intervention program, tested on 50 NCAA Division I players, aimed to alter tackling behavior and prevent head injury exposure.
A workplace intervention program significantly reduced fasting blood sugar levels and led to greater weight loss compared to a control group. Participants who attended more group discussion sessions and monitored their food and physical activity lost more weight.