Articles tagged with Control Groups
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new heart box method has shown clear signs of improvement in preserving and transporting donated hearts, reducing the risk of complications. The method enables longer preservation times, which could lead to more opportunities for transplants, including international flights.
This meta-analysis found that Indo-Mediterranean style diets significantly reduced parameters of pre-heart failure and heart failure, as well as incidence of cardiac arrhythmias. Anti-inflammatory effects may be a key mechanism behind this reduction in cardiovascular mortality.
Regular dietary counselling from infancy leads to improved cardiovascular health and reduced risk factors, such as lower serum cholesterol levels and better insulin sensitivity. The intervention group continued to have a heart-healthy diet even after the counselling ended.
A new review published in Nutrition Reviews suggests that a plant-based diet can help prevent and manage asthma. The study found that consuming fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and other high-fiber foods can be beneficial for asthma patients, whereas dairy products and high-fat foods can exacerbate symptoms.
A study by Tohoku University researchers demonstrates that motor synergy emerges in robotic agents using deep reinforcement learning, enabling improved motor performance and energy consumption
A new study found that music-intervention (binaural beats) and 4 weeks of daily mindfulness training significantly reduced the effect of mental fatigue on sustained attention. The experienced mindfulness group performed better than others, indicating that practicing mindfulness helps focus and handle stressful situations.
Scientists at the University of Bristol discovered that carbon chains can form helical shapes dependent on their length, with even-numbered chains adopting fusilli-like structures and odd-numbered chains forming floppy spaghetti-like shapes. The researchers controlled the shape by inserting methyl substituents along the chain.
Standardised packaging in the UK led to higher cigarette prices despite warnings from the tobacco industry. The study found that prices increased due to the introduction of a minimum excise tax (MET) that forced companies to pay at least £5.88 per pack, reducing their ability to manipulate prices.
A randomized clinical trial evaluated subconcussive head impacts in soccer players, finding those who received heading shots performed worse on eye movement tests compared to a control group. The study suggests that such impacts may cause short-term effects on neuro-eye function.
Researchers successfully implanted an artificial neural connection, enabling a paralyzed animal's new cortical site to regain voluntary control of its hand. The study also shows that this technology can impart motor control functions to previously unassociated areas of the cerebral cortex.
Researchers at Anglia Ruskin University found that people with impaired vision lifted their lead foot higher but less quickly over obstacles, increasing their risk of falls. This pronounced gait also led to increased anxiety and decreased stability, highlighting the need for better vision correction and care.
A school-based sleep education program may benefit adolescents by reducing insufficient sleep and improving sleep knowledge. The program showed promising results, with participants two times less likely to report insufficient sleep at follow-up.
A study led by Duke University Medical Center found that adding weight management counseling to group visits improved diabetes outcomes for patients with uncontrolled diabetes. Participants who received the counseling showed significant weight loss, reduced blood sugar levels, and fewer episodes of hypoglycemia compared to those who on...
A study by researchers at the University of California, San Francisco found that a workplace ban on sugared drinks led to a 48.5% reduction in consumption and improvements in insulin resistance and total cholesterol levels among participants.
Researchers found that working memory training relies on task-specific strategies to improve performance, rather than increasing capacity. Hundreds of commercial programs claim to boost memory, but their effects are limited to similar tasks.
Researchers at Penn Medicine and Deloitte Consulting LLP used behavioral insights, gaming elements, and social incentives to improve workplace physical activity. The study found that adding competition led to significant increases in physical activity, while other groups saw only temporary improvements.
A low-cost text-messaging programme improves blood sugar control in patients with diabetes and coronary heart disease. The programme, which consisted of six messages per week, resulted in a significant reduction in HbA1c levels and an increase in participants achieving the target level of less than 7%.
A low-cost growth mindset intervention improved entrepreneurial self-efficacy and persistence among undergraduate students, regardless of gender or prior experience. The intervention boosted confidence in identifying business opportunities and pursuing class projects despite challenges.
A new study suggests that digital games can be an effective way to unwind and recuperate after work. Participants who played shape-fitting games reported feeling more energized and relaxed compared to those using mindfulness apps.
A study found that talking to oneself as if they were Dr. Sigmund Freud in virtual reality improved people's mood and helped them find solutions to their problems, with over 80% of participants reporting a change compared to 50% in the control group.
A new study found that former NFL players are nearly 6 times more likely to have atrial fibrillation compared to men of similar age. The researchers believe that the prolonged strength training involved in American football may increase heart chamber size and wall thickness, leading to altered heart rhythms.
A team-based clinic redesign of opioid medication management in primary care resulted in declines in patients on high-dose opioids and total opioid prescriptions. The 'Six Building Blocks' framework improved opioid prescribing practices, possibly reducing dependency.
A study found that patients who received more opioid tablets after knee surgery consumed more tablets for longer periods, while those with preoperative education used fewer tablets for shorter durations. Reducing opioid use can lead to better patient outcomes.
Researchers at Radboud University Medical Center found that septoplasty significantly improves patients' quality of life by increasing nasal airflow and reducing symptoms. After two years, the positive effects persisted, indicating a long-term benefit from the procedure.
A 6-month lifestyle programme using wearable activity trackers, face-to-face coaching, and smartphone apps significantly reduces metabolic syndrome severity in high-risk employees. Improved physical and mental health leads to enhanced work productivity and quality of life.
A 10-week interval training program improved body composition in older adults with belly fat, with participants losing nearly two pounds of fat mass and gaining lean body weight. The exercise program showed significant reductions in belly fat for men but not women, highlighting the need for further research.
Researchers found that xenon gas treatment shortly after a head injury prevents early death and long-term cognitive impairment in mice. The treatment also protects brain tissue and reduces inflammation, which may lead to new treatments for people with TBI. This study provides promising results for future human trials.
A team of researchers from Australia, France, New Zealand, and the UK have discovered a group of brain cells that function as a 'master-controller' for the cardiovascular system. These cells, found in the medulla oblongata, coordinate activity across the cardiovascular system, including blood flow to the heart and blood vessels.
New research from Tepper School of Business finds that forcing employees to interact with unfamiliar colleagues in open work spaces encourages exploration, leading to improved financial performance and new product ideas.
A randomized trial found that a plant-based whole food diet reduced gingival bleeding and increased vitamin D values in patients with gingivitis. The experimental group also experienced weight loss and showed significant benefits without changes to plaque values.
Motee's work recognizes a fundamental contribution to spatially distributed systems theory, showing that quadratically optimal state feedback controllers are sparse and spatially localized. His research aims to implement estimation and control design problems in a localized and distributed fashion for applications such as unmanned auto...
A six-month exercise program improved balance and strength in nursing home residents, resulting in fewer falls and deaths compared to a control group. The intervention also showed a lower prevalence of frailty, suggesting potential long-term benefits for those who engage in individualized physical activity.
A randomized trial of ivermectin mass administration in children aged five or younger shows a 20% reduction in malaria episodes without adverse events. The study suggests ivermectin could be a useful tool in disease reduction to combat residual transmission.
Researchers found that feeling awe leads to a greater awareness of knowledge gaps and increased interest in science. In studies involving virtual reality videos, participants who experienced awe were more likely to seek out scientific information and visit science museums.
Researchers found Ebola survivors in Liberia had higher rates of uveitis, muscle pain, fatigue, and joint pain compared to a control group. Physical exams also revealed abnormal findings in abdominal, chest, and neurologic areas.
A randomized controlled trial found that resistance training and aerobic training plus resistance training significantly reduced the incidence of type 2 diabetes. The study showed that these exercise programs can be as effective as isolated aerobic training in preventing overt type 2 diabetes.
Researchers found that cytosine base editors (BE3 and HF1-BE3) cause unexpected genome-wide off-target mutations in rice, with single-nucleotide variants predominantly occurring in transcribed genic regions. The high frequency of these mutations suggests a need for optimization to increase the specificity of cytosine base editors.
A new study from Indiana University's Kelley School of Business found that amateur investors with high self-efficacy are prone to crowd bias and herding behaviors, leading to poorer investment decisions. The researchers suggest that online training courses could help mitigate these risks and improve the equity crowdfunding landscape.
About half of women and men who experienced dissatisfaction with their sex life before bariatric surgery improved in five years. Fewer depressive symptoms before and after surgery were associated with better improvements in sexual satisfaction for both men and women.
A new intervention has successfully encouraged couples in a rural South African area to undergo HIV testing. The Uthando Lwethu program improved communication skills and relationship dynamics, leading to higher HIV-testing rates compared to a control group.
A study found that phthalates, particularly DiNP and DEHP, can disrupt reproductive cycles and reduce fertility in female mice. The research suggests that these chemicals may impair fertility long after exposure has stopped.
A recent study by researchers at Witten/Herdecke University and the University of Cambridge found that drinking too much alcohol will still cause a hangover regardless of the order in which it is consumed. Hangovers are associated with dehydration, immune response, and disturbances in metabolism and hormone regulation.
Researchers at Osaka University developed a neurofeedback system allowing Parkinson's patients to control β waves in their deep brain. The system enables voluntary control of beta wave activity, which is associated with symptoms of the disorder.
Researchers found that taking someone else's perspective can make people less open to their opposing views, particularly when values are incongruent. In contrast, simply generating arguments for the other side without engaging in perspective-taking was effective in increasing receptiveness.
A study published in JAMA Network Open found that Holocaust survivors had higher rates of chronic conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, and osteoporosis. Researchers suggest that unique characteristics of resilience among survivors and better health literacy may be contributing factors to their lower mortality rates.
A 12-month follow-up study found significant improvements in blood pressure among African-American men participating in a barbershop-based health program. The intervention reduced systolic blood pressure by 28.6 mm Hg, with an average reduction of 20.8 mm Hg greater than the control group.
Researchers tested a weight gain prevention intervention focusing on Christmas period, encouraging regular weighing and providing activity equivalent calorie information. The results showed that participants in the intervention group did not gain weight, while those in the control group did.
A six-month trial of a new self-management program for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) found it successfully reduced emergency room visits and hospitalizations. The program, which combined hospital-to-home transition support with chronic disease management, also improved quality of life scores.
Children with 'lazy eye' experience lower scholastic, social, and athletic scores compared to peers without the condition. Treatment for amblyopia may impact self-perception scores.
Researchers found that cumulative head impact exposure plays a role in the occurrence of concussive injuries in some college football athletes, with 72% experiencing more impacts before the concussion occurred. The study supports policies to limit head impact exposure during training and games.
Researchers found that fostering gratitude among adolescents can decrease materialism and increase generosity. By keeping a daily journal, teens showed significant decreases in materialism and increases in gratitude, demonstrating the potential of this simple strategy to curb materialistic tendencies.
A mindfulness-based program reduced chronic stress and depressive symptoms in infertile women, improving general well-being. The study found a significant decrease in stress symptoms after the intervention, with no change in the control group.
A trial published by The BMJ found that employees who used sit-stand workstations reduced their sitting time by more than an hour a day over 12 months, with improvements in job performance, psychological health, and daily anxiety. The results suggest that displacing sitting with standing may have positive effects on work-related outcomes.
Women who drank an additional 1.5 liters of water daily experienced 48% fewer repeat bladder infections than those who drank their usual volume of fluids, according to the study. This finding is significant as over half of women report having bladder infections, which are one of the most common infections in women.
Testosterone treatment over 10 years can improve or reverse type 2 diabetes in men with low testosterone, leading to significant weight loss. The study found that average fasting blood glucose levels decreased and HbA1c levels fell in the testosterone-treated group, while worsening in the control group.
A controlled trial found that women who drank an additional 1.5 liters of water daily experienced 48 percent fewer repeat bladder infections compared to those who drank their usual volume of fluids. This increased fluid intake may help reduce the use of antibiotics and combat antibiotic resistance.
The COAPT trial found that the MitraClip device significantly reduced hospitalization rates and mortality, while improving quality-of-life measures and functional capacity in heart failure patients with secondary mitral regurgitation. The study also showed a substantial reduction in the need for heart transplants or left ventricular as...
A new study published in PNAS found that engaging in self-transcendence tasks can increase receptivity to health messages and lead to increased physical activity. Participants who reflected on values bigger than themselves showed greater brain activity in reward regions compared to those who focused on their own least important values.
A four-year study reveals that a contact lens management approach can significantly slow myopia progression in children, including those who start treatment later. The innovative miSight lens has been shown to reduce myopic progression rates by 59% and 52% compared to a control group.
A mobile tutoring program in remote schools in Mexico improved the reading, writing, and math skills of poor students. The program increased the progression rate from primary to lower secondary school by 14% compared to a control group.