Articles tagged with Control Groups
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A study published in The Lancet found that telemedical interventional management reduced unplanned hospitalizations by 44% and increased life expectancy for patients with heart failure. Patients who received remote patient management interventions also showed significant reductions in all-cause mortality, regardless of their location.
A 10-week pilot study found that participants who delayed their breakfast by 90 minutes and had their dinner earlier lost more than twice as much body fat compared to those in the control group. This reduction was partly due to decreased food intake, with 57% of participants reporting a decrease in eating opportunities.
Researchers at the Center for BrainHealth investigated concurrent cannabis and nicotine use on brain networks. The study found that combined use had greater connectivity compared to isolated use of either substance. These findings suggest unique contributions of cannabis and nicotine on brain network connectivity.
A 40-year study found that vacations can prolong life by reducing stress. Men who took longer vacations had lower mortality rates than those with shorter vacation times, suggesting that stress reduction is key to cardiovascular health.
Researchers reduced household lead levels and found significant reductions in dust lead levels, especially among black children. However, the intervention did not result in significant neurobehavioral improvements, such as improved IQ or behavior. The study suggests that eliminating residential lead exposure may be necessary to fully p...
A letter from a medical examiner to a physician about a recent fatal overdose can inspire safer prescribing habits, a new study suggests. The research found that physicians who received such letters prescribed 9.7% fewer opioids over three months.
A randomised controlled trial found that care from peer support workers with lived experience of mental health conditions reduced the likelihood of readmission for people who had recently left acute mental health care. The study, published in The Lancet, showed a lower rate of readmission to acute care among participants who received p...
A new study from Louisiana State University found that video games, combined with fitness coaching and a step tracker, helped overweight children reduce their body mass index, cholesterol levels, and increase physical activity. Children who played video games also showed increased self-efficacy towards physical activity.
A new population study in Sweden has found that genetic heritage is the dominant factor when it comes to heart failure in families. The study, led by Magnus Lindgren, found a 45% higher risk of heart failure in adoptees with at least one biological parent suffering from the condition.
A study found that daily text messages to remind patients to take allopurinol significantly improved adherence rates and serum urate levels in gout patients. After 12 weeks, 88.1% of intervention group patients were considered adherent, compared to none in the control group.
A new clinical trial found that combining wearable devices with financial incentives and personalized goal-setting significantly increased physical activity levels among ischemic heart disease patients. After financial incentives were stopped, the incentive group continued to increase their physical activity.
New research finds that minority groups need to be at least 25% of the population to effect change and persuade others to adopt their view. The study's findings challenge previous estimates and provide insight into the tipping point phenomenon.
New research shows that using a smartphone app or singing the song 'La Macarena' improves the quality of chest compressions during CPR. The study found that both methods increased the proportion of adequate rate, but not depth, of compressions.
Researchers confirm that frontal cortical lesions moderate response to prism adaptation treatment, with improvement seen only in individuals with frontal lesions. The study suggests early identification of patients with hemiparesis and frontal lesions is crucial for optimal recovery.
Researchers at USTC have created a 4-port device that breaks the reciprocity of light transmission in dielectric materials, enabling various functions like optical circulators and directional amplifiers. The device uses an optomechanical resonator and can be controlled with a single-photon level.
A study by Yale University researchers found that newspaper op-eds have a lasting impact on people's views, regardless of their political affiliation or initial stance. The study, which included experiments with the general public and elites, showed that op-eds can change minds on policy issues for a cost-effective estimated $0.50 to $...
A study on grey mouse lemurs found that chronic caloric restriction increased their median survival time to 9.6 years, compared to 6.4 years in control groups. Calorie restriction also delayed the onset of age-related pathologies and preserved motor capacities.
A study published in Neurology found that people with Parkinson's disease are more likely to be demoralized than those without the disease. Demoralization is distinct from depression, and treatment approaches may differ.
Researchers found that writing critically about past setbacks leads to lower levels of the
Precision oncology uses advanced molecular diagnostic technologies to select targeted therapies, resulting in improved overall survival and lower average total healthcare costs. Average weekly costs were significantly lower for the targeted treatment group compared to the control group.
A new study found that a return to play checklist decreases the incidence of injury to the knee following ACL reconstruction. The checklist includes seven objective measures to determine when athletes are safe to return to sports, resulting in significant reductions in re-injury and contralateral knee injuries.
Researchers found that only 15% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis could use a HandiHaler inhaler correctly, while 94% of healthy controls could. The study highlights the importance of ensuring patients can properly use their prescribed inhalers to manage their respiratory disease.
A new study published in the American Journal of Infection Control found that implementing consistent hand hygiene measures in nursing homes can lead to lower mortality rates and reduced antibiotic prescriptions. The study assessed 26 French nursing homes and found a 30% lower mortality rate in the intervention group compared to the co...
A study published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine found that ball games and circuit strength training increased bone density by 44% and 46%, respectively, in children aged 8-10. These exercises also improved muscular strength and balance, reducing the risk of osteoporosis later in life.
A new study found that an intensive 6-day Ayurveda-based mind-body program increased self-awareness and related health benefits. The program was compared to a control group, showing significant increases in neti values at both immediate completion and the 1-month follow-up.
Researchers at NYU School of Medicine developed a community-based health program that achieved significant control of Type 2 diabetes in a high-risk population. After six months, over 55% of participants in the intervention group had blood sugar levels under seven percent.
A study published in the American Academy of Neurology found that balance and eye movement exercises can help people with multiple sclerosis (MS) improve their balance and reduce fatigue. The exercise program showed significant improvements in balance, fatigue, and dizziness scores compared to a control group.
A recent study by Penn State researchers found that training individuals in portion-control strategies can lead to healthier food choices and reduced overall calorie intake. The study showed that even when given larger portions, participants who received training chose lower-calorie-dense foods and consumed fewer calories.
A scientifically based CAMBRA model, including risk assessment and aggressive preventive measures, dramatically reduces tooth decay in community dental practices. The study's findings support earlier research and have potential to transform dental care for high-risk patients at lower costs.
A King's College London study found that extending sleep hours by up to 1.5 hours per night resulted in a 10-gram reduction in reported free sugar intake. The researchers also noticed trends for reduced total carbohydrate intake among participants in the sleep extension group.
A field experiment found that a belief in group malleability reduces negative attitudes and increases willingness to make concessions with Palestinians. The intervention achieved sustained long-term reductions compared to the control group.
A University of Washington study found that an after-school program focused on black culture and identity increased confidence and connection to school among African-American girls. The program, Sisters of Nia, addressed negative perceptions of African-Americans and fostered a sense of belonging and self-worth.
Researchers developed a simple tool to detect website data breaches by monitoring email account activity. The study found that 19 websites, including a well-known startup with millions of active customers, were hacked during the 18-month testing period.
A recent study from North Carolina State University found that a 45-minute online sexual health program improved the ability of teen girls to communicate effectively about safe sex. The intervention, called Health Education and Relationship Training (HEART), increased confidence about condom use and positive attitudes towards condoms.
A weight management programme can reverse type 2 diabetes in most people who have had the condition for up to 6 years, according to a new study published in The Lancet. Almost half of participants achieved and maintained diabetes remission at one year without antidiabetic medications.
A study found that former NFL players have significantly larger ascending aortic diameters than non-players, with almost 30% having an aorta wider than 4cm. This could be due to a remodeling process caused by repeated strenuous exercise, increasing their risk of heart disease.
A new study presented at the Radiological Society of North America meeting found that hip steroid injections are associated with a higher incidence of bone death and collapse compared to control groups. The research showed that 22-24% of patients who received hip injections developed osteonecrosis, while 15-17% experienced bone collapse.
Research identifies young men, extroverted or neurotic people, and frequent drivers as more likely to report distraction while driving. The study proposes tailored interventions for high-risk groups, including young males with bad attitudes towards distracted driving.
Researchers from University of Copenhagen find that cycling to and from work is just as effective in reducing fat mass as moderate- or high-intensity leisure-time exercise. The study involved 130 overweight participants who cycled, exercised, or did neither for six months, with significant weight loss found in all groups.
A study published in the Journal of the American Osteopathic Association found that group exercise significantly improved mental, physical, and emotional quality of life, with a 26% reduction in stress levels. In contrast, individual workouts had no significant impact on stress levels or quality of life.
A study by Montefiore Medical Center found that wearing personalized numbered jerseys for code team members significantly increases overall teamwork performance during cardiac arrest. The Mayo Teamwork score was higher in the experimental group, and the percent of directed commands was also increased.
A new study published in JAMA Internal Medicine found that game-based interventions can increase physical activity among adults. In a 12-week clinical trial, participants who engaged with gamification elements showed significant improvements in step goal achievements and average daily steps compared to those in the control group.
A study by Ruhr-University Bochum found that gamers excelled in a learning competition against non-gamers, particularly in situations with high uncertainties. This advantage is linked to increased brain activity in the hippocampus, a key region for learning and memory.
A study found that individuals with ADHD showed different patterns of eye movements compared to neurotypical individuals, indicating difficulties with predicting and reacting to upcoming events. This suggests the use of eye movements as an objective measure of temporal expectation, potentially complementing existing diagnostic tools.
Non-obese individuals with asthma may benefit from a healthy diet and regular exercise to control symptoms and improve quality of life. Studies have shown that exercise combined with a low-GI diet can lead to significant improvements in symptom control, with patients reporting a 50% reduction in asthma symptom scores on average.
Adults with intellectual disabilities have a nearly threefold higher rate of emergency hospitalizations and five times more preventable admissions than their matched controls. The most common ACSCs resulting in admission are convulsions/epilepsy, lower respiratory tract infection, and urinary tract infection.
Patients with type 2 diabetes have lower risks of aortic aneurysm (28% reduction) and aortic dissection (47% reduction). Long-term mortality rates are also decreased after hospitalization for AA, but not AD.
A team from the Technical University of Munich developed tests to assess fine motor skills in patients with hemiparesis after a stroke. The new methods identified three decisive factors: grip force control, motor coordination, and movement speed, predicting 69% of everyday deficits.
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common heart arrhythmia that can lead to strokes. The REHEARSE-AF trial found that twice-weekly ECG recording by patients increased AF diagnosis in patients with stroke risk factors, suggesting the potential to reduce strokes through earlier treatment.
The IMPACT-AF trial found that education and feedback improved anticoagulation therapy adherence in atrial fibrillation patients. This resulted in a 9% absolute increase in anticoagulation use, with a 48% proportion of non-treated patients on medication in the intervention group.
A study by Cathy Bradley found that small cash incentives and interactions with health program coordinators can increase primary care visits among low-income individuals, reducing emergency department use and improving patient care. The study showed a significant reduction in costs overall.
A study found that restaurant placemats with healthier menu options encouraged kids to choose better food choices. Children exposed to the placemats were more likely to order healthier options like turkey sandwiches and peanut butter and banana sandwiches.
A psychological intervention improved math skills, financial literacy, and health-related decisions in students. The 'snowball effect' helped them achieve early successes in class, leading to better grades and future math courses.
A school-based intervention that administers morning doses of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) to children with persistent asthma has shown improved adherence and quality-of-life outcomes. The study, published in the Journal of Asthma, found that 90% of participants received their prescribed morning doses through school administration.
Research finds that hot temperatures lead to reduced prosocial behavior, including volunteering and listening actively. Participants in uncomfortable environments were 50% less likely to engage in helpful behaviors.
A new study from the University of Pennsylvania's Damon Centola refutes the classic theory that groupthink destroys the wisdom of crowds. In egalitarian networks, where everyone has equal influence, individuals help each other get smarter, leading to a striking improvement in the intelligence of the group.
A Danish nationwide population-based cohort study found mortality increases by 60-80% after 8-10 years post-heart bypass surgery. The study showed that the prognosis for patients who undergo successful surgery is similar to that of the general population until this point.
A study published in JAMA Neurology examined the association of long-term opioid therapy with functional status, adverse outcomes, and death among patients with polyneuropathy. The study found that patients with polyneuropathy were more likely to receive long-term opioid therapy and experience depression, opioid dependence, or overdose.
A new research study presented at the European Congress on Obesity suggests using a mindfulness approach is an effective way to aid weight loss. Participants who completed the online program 'Eat Smart, Move More, Weigh Less' lost more weight than those in the waitlist control group.
A new study suggests using a mindfulness approach can aid in weight loss by increasing mindful eating and reducing energy intake, leading to significant weight loss results. The study found that participants who completed the Eat Smart, Move More, Weigh Less program lost more weight than those in the waitlist control group.