Articles tagged with Africa
A reanalysis of worldwide annual precipitation trends reveals overlooked risks to human and environmental systems, affecting nearly 40% of the global population and 44% of land areas. The study highlights significant regional variations in precipitation risk and variability, emphasizing the need for more accurate risk assessments.
Researchers have identified an essential role for the protein heme oxygenase-1 in host defense against tuberculosis, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target. Studies using human lung tissue and mouse models showed that HO-1 production is critical in protecting against TB pathophysiology.
A team of scientists, with citizen initiative help, confirms Rhizostoma luteum's presence and abundance in Mediterranean waters over the past 60 years. More than 150 observations since 1998 reveal it's not a rare species.
Researchers used Natatanuran frogs to study biogeographic exchanges between Laurasia and Gondwanan landmasses. They found two major stepping-stone dispersals via the Indian Plate: from Africa to Asia and from Asia to Madagascar, challenging traditional views of isolated biotic ferry.
Experts analyzed stone tools from the Klipdrift Shelter and Diepkloof Rock Shelter, finding similarities between them. The findings suggest a networked interaction between distant communities during the Middle Stone Age.
The 35th World Cultural Council Award Ceremony honored two scholars, Jean-Pierre Changeux and Malik Mâaza, for their exceptional contributions to science and education. The ceremony also recognized nine young researchers from CityU for their outstanding achievements in various fields.
The newly described African palm species, Zam, is a large and useful palm with applications in timber, medicine, and wine production. Its discovery highlights the importance of scientific description and conservation efforts to protect this group of palms, which are still being threatened by extinction.
The prevalence of female genital mutilation/cutting among girls up to 14 years old has decreased in most African regions over the past three decades. However, the practice remains pervasive in Western Asia-Iraq and Yemen.
A new study has found that a native shrub can effectively share its water with millet plants, boosting production by over 900%. The optimized shrub system involves increasing shrub density and fertilizing the ground with organic matter, improving soil quality and yields.
New study finds stone tools and cut-marks at Ti's al Ghadah site in Saudi Arabia, dated to 500,000-300,000 years ago, suggesting early hominins inhabited relatively humid grasslands. Stable isotope analysis reveals aridity levels similar to those in eastern Africa's open savanna settings.
Researchers at the University of California - Davis are working to improve chicken breeds with enhanced resistance to Newcastle disease and heat stress through genomic analysis. The Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Genomics to Improve Poultry aims to protect chickens from deadly diseases in Africa and worldwide.
The HPTN 075 Study found an alarming rate of HIV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) in sub-Saharan Africa. The incidence rate was substantially higher than the general population, indicating an urgent need for increased access to HIV prevention approaches.
A study published in PLOS Medicine reveals that temperature increases have caused a decline in local tsetse fly populations, potentially reducing the risk of sleeping sickness in Africa. Rising temperatures may also make some areas more suitable for tsetse flies.
The Perot Museum of Nature and Science has unveiled a free virtual reality app allowing users to explore the Dinaledi Chamber, where famous ancient human fossils were discovered. The app provides global access to researchers, students, and amateur explorers to experience this unique site.
A study based on 27 years of data from Mana Pools National Park suggests that temperature increases have caused significant declines in local tsetse fly populations. This could lead to reduced transmission of trypanosome pathogens causing sleeping sickness, but may also make other areas more suitable for the flies.
African protected areas with lions require approximately $1,000-$2,000/km2 in funding for effective conservation. The total annual funding deficit is estimated to be $0.9-2.1 billion, with 88-94% of individual PAs being underfunded.
Researchers have assembled the largest sets of African genomic data, creating a resource to study genetic structure, disease, and protein function. They identified 10 new associations specific to African populations, including links between genetic variants and diseases such as alpha thalassemia and diabetes.
A recent outbreak of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in South Africa remains undetected for five years due to the failure of WHO-endorsed diagnostic tests. Researchers discovered two strains with a specific DNA mutation associated with resistance to Rifampicin, which were not detected by commercial tests.
A new study reveals that Lineage 4 TB emerged in Europe around 1,000 years ago and spread globally with European explorers and colonialists. The study found that drug-resistant strains of Lineage 4 TB have hardly spread beyond their country of origin, suggesting a regional challenge to control.
Tropical Storm Nadine has formed in the Eastern Atlantic, with NASA's Suomi NPP satellite providing a visible image of the storm. The National Hurricane Center forecasts additional strengthening through Wednesday before weakening by early Thursday.
Researchers analyzed Lake Magadi sedimentary cores, showing a long-term drying trend starting around 575,000 years ago. This period of aridification coincided with extinctions of large grazing mammals and the appearance of Middle Stone Age artifacts.
The oldest well-dated specialized bone tool associated with the Aterian culture of the Middle Stone Age has been discovered in Morocco, dating back approximately 90,000 years. The tool's origins and manufacture are distinct from similar-aged sub-Saharan artefacts, suggesting a unique technological industry in North Africa.
Ledumahadi mafube, a 12-tonne giant plant-eater, was the largest land animal alive when it lived nearly 200 million years ago. The new species' fossil reveals insights into its evolution and geographic history.
Researchers describe new species Ledumahadi mafube, a giant relative of Brontosaurus that walked on all fours. The discovery sheds light on the evolution of sauropods and reveals that massive body sizes were possible in early four-legged dinosaurs.
A new study has mapped areas across Africa with high concentrations of child deaths from diarrhea, revealing uneven progress over 15 years. The research highlights the need for targeted interventions in local communities to mitigate the problem, as national strategies may be less effective due to regional inequalities.
The study uses genetic matching and port data to identify the three largest cartels involved in African elephant ivory trade. The researchers hope their findings can help police this illegal trade and strengthen ongoing cases against particular cartels.
Post-tropical cyclone Helene is affecting Ireland and the United Kingdom with widespread cloud cover and showers. The U.K. Meteorological Service has issued a Yellow Alert for several regions due to expected windy weather with gusts reaching 50-60 mph.
A 73,000-year-old drawing made on a silcrete flake in Blombos Cave, South Africa, is the oldest known example of human-made art. The team used various techniques, including microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, to confirm that the lines were applied to the stone.
Archaeologists have discovered the oldest known abstract drawing made with a piece of ocher used as a pencil, dated to 73,000 years ago. The drawing, found on a silcrete fragment in Blombos Cave in South Africa, confirms that early humans intentionally created and used symbols.
The BRICS countries have seen significant growth in academic activity between 2000 and 2015, reaching 29% of global publications cited in Scopus. China's exceptionally high rate of publications led the way, while Russia saw a notable increase after 2013.
The PROFORMA project aims to strengthen national infrastructures for drugs safety monitoring in four East African countries. The five-year project, funded by EUR 6 million, includes training at Master's and postgraduate level and exchange of knowledge between researchers and experts.
A recent study published in The Lancet found that armed conflicts across Africa may have resulted in the deaths of as many as 5 million children aged under 5 years between 1995 and 2015. Conflict increased mortality risk for infants and children, particularly those born near conflict zones or exposed to higher-intensity conflicts.
Researchers sequenced eggplant and wild relative plastomes, finding a single event led to two lineages: one in Africa and the other in Asia. This dispersal resulted in the current wide distribution of eggplant relatives across Africa, linked to African elephant and impala seed dispersal.
The discovery of Bannykus and Xiyunykus provides significant insights into the evolution of alvarezsaurs, an enigmatic group of theropod dinosaurs. The fossils reveal transitional steps in their adaptation to new diets, showing that these dinosaurs evolved short arms only later in their evolutionary history.
The Central Africa region is experiencing rapid urbanization and economic growth, making it more vulnerable to explosive infectious disease outbreaks. The authors note that efforts to build up health care infrastructure are critically needed to mitigate or prevent a large outbreak of Ebola or other infectious diseases in the region.
Researchers re-examined ancient Propotto leakeyi fossil and found it was an early relative of the aye-aye, challenging the long-held view that lemurs descended from a single wave to Madagascar. The study proposes two lineages split in Africa before coming to Madagascar, suggesting a more complex evolutionary history.
A six-session school-based program significantly reduced the chances that students would force sex on someone else, with an effect that held true over four years. The intervention also showed promise in reducing victimization, although this effect was not significant over the entire time period.
A new technique links samples to individuals and locations, providing continuous national surveillance for eradicating tuberculosis and drug-resistant tuberculosis. The Western Cape Province in South Africa was used as a testing ground for this method, revealing spatially heterogeneous rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis rates.
A 5,000-year-old monumental cemetery near Lake Turkana in Kenya suggests alternative models for understanding the relationships between monuments and social change. The site's burial of diverse individuals with personalized ornamentation indicates no social stratification.
Researchers analyzed ape parasite genomes related to Plasmodium vivax, the main source of mosquito-borne malaria outside Africa. They found near-identical genomes between ape and human parasites, differing by only two percent within gene sequences that code for proteins.
African oil palm cultivation could impact primates due to high demand for the crop. The study found that only 3.3 million hectares of land offer little impact on primates, while 273 Mha can be planted with varying yields.
A new study finds that only a few areas in Africa are suitable for palm oil production without harming primate populations, raising concerns about the industry's impact on conservation. The research highlights the need for sustainable practices and policy initiatives to mitigate large-scale deforestation.
Researchers found significant overlap between areas suitable for oil palm production and primate conservation priorities in Africa, highlighting the need for sustainable practices to balance both interests. Only a few regions, like Madagascar, were identified as suitable for palm oil production with low conservation risks for primates.
Researchers have identified the geographical origins and global spread of HBV genotypes D and A, which originated in the Middle East and North Africa. The study reveals differences in their dissemination patterns, influenced by prehistoric and recent human migrations.
Researchers at Lund University tracked the flight height of two small bird species migrating from Scandinavia to Africa, finding they flew as high as 3,950m. The study used a data logger to measure acceleration, air pressure, and temperature during flight, revealing the birds' altitude adjustments in response to changing wind conditions.
A £2 million project, ARCS, aims to tackle sepsis in Africa by creating sustainable partnerships between research, clinical, and government organizations. The initiative focuses on delivering high-quality training, establishing care quality indicators, and testing innovative interventions.
Researchers developed a dynamic model to simulate virus spread and conducted a national serological study to assess transmission levels and vaccine coverage required. The results suggest that certain pastoral production systems act as virus reservoirs, emphasizing the need for adapted vaccination strategies in high-risk populations.
Homo sapiens developed a unique ecological position as a global 'general specialist', occupying diverse and challenging environments. The species' ability to adapt to extreme settings stands in contrast to previous and coexisting hominins, suggesting how it became the last surviving hominin on Earth.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University Medical Center have isolated two potent monoclonal antibodies that efficiently neutralized the Zaire, Sudan, and Bundibugyo ebolaviruses. These antibodies also showed protection against infection in animal models, offering a promising lead for the development of injectable antibody treatments.
Researchers from Cambridge University found no evidence of a trade-off between military spending and public services in the Middle East. The study challenges the 'guns versus butter' hypothesis, which suggested that prioritizing military spending led to neglect of health and education, sparking civil unrest.
A decade-long genetic analysis of grasshopper relationships reveals the origin of the broadest lineage of grasshoppers in South America. The study's findings challenge previous assumptions and suggest major shifts in grasshopper classification.
An international survey of 16,000 employees and managers in 15 countries found that managerial support for depression is associated with lower rates of workplace absenteeism. Managers who offered help and support had employees take fewer days off work, while those who avoided discussing the issue led to more absences.
A new study reveals that Indigenous Peoples have ownership, use and management rights over at least 38 million square kilometers of land. This land is spread across 87 countries and overlaps with about 40% of all terrestrial protected areas.
A study published in Clinical Nutrition found that heavy drinking causes uncontrolled iron absorption, leading to health issues like heart attacks and liver disease. Iron loading was significantly higher in drinkers than non-drinkers, predicting increased mortality rates.
Human ancestors were scattered across Africa, with diverse habitats and shifting environmental boundaries leading to a staggering diversity of human forms. The mixing of these populations ultimately shaped our species.
A screening tool used on HIV-positive children in South Africa found nearly four times the odds of delays in sitting, standing and speaking compared to HIV-negative children. The study suggests increased attention to early HIV diagnosis and intervention is critical to prevent neurocognitive issues.
Researchers have discovered ancient tools in China that date back to 2.12 million years ago, challenging the long-held assumption that early humans left Africa at this time. The findings indicate that early human ancestors colonized East Asia over two million years ago.
Researchers used genetic analysis to sort bat species, revealing two new species in Kenya. The findings have implications for conservation and farming efforts.
A £2 million project aims to improve asthma control in African schoolchildren, with a focus on 3,000 children aged 12-14. The study will use theatre performances to address asthma knowledge and stigma, and assess the barriers to achieving good control.
Scientists from ANU and overseas have discovered the oldest colours in the geological record, dating back 1.1 billion years. The bright pink pigments were extracted from marine black shales of the Taoudeni Basin in Mauritania, West Africa, and are more than half a billion years older than previous pigment discoveries.