Researchers discovered that dopamine inhibits melatonin production by forming 'heteromers' with norepinephrine receptors, regulating the body's circadian rhythm. This discovery could lead to new treatments for circadian rhythm disturbances and sleep disorders affecting 40% of the world's population.
Scientists used data from orbiting spacecraft to determine the size of carbon dioxide snow particles in Martian clouds. The study found particles at both poles are about the size of a red blood cell, with differences in size between the south and north poles.
The study found that iron is the best and quickest catalyst to heal topological defects in nanotubes, which are critical for advanced materials. The researchers determined that healing occurs in a small zone near the catalyst and can happen in a fraction of a millisecond.
The Advanced Denim process produces jeans using significantly less water, energy, and waste than traditional methods. This technology has the potential to save 2.5 billion gallons of water and eliminate 8.3 million cubic meters of wastewater annually.
A study by University of Nevada, Reno scientists found that female black brant geese experience a 16% decline in survival after losing their mate. Only the fittest females with better body condition can re-pair and reproduce again.
A global collaboration led by the University of York is examining key areas of reproductive, maternal and newborn care within midwifery services. The project will culminate in a special series on midwifery in The Lancet, providing evidence to guide national decision-making and improve midwifery services.
Tropical Storm Talim formed in the South China Sea on June 18, with NASA's TRMM satellite capturing moderate to heavy rainfall data. The storm is currently moving northeastward at 11 knots and is expected to weaken as it passes through the Strait of Taiwan.
A Johns Hopkins University research team found that the deep catch stroke, resembling a paddle, is more efficient and effective than the sculling stroke. The study used high-precision laser scans and computer simulations to analyze fluid dynamics around the arm and forces acting on the limb.
A new study found that consumers' preference for larger selections decreases when making choices involving the distant future. Consumers tend to focus on end goals and less about how to get there, leading them to prefer smaller and simpler assortment of options.
Researchers have discovered a new indicator for breast cancer relapse, directly associated with the activation of NF-kB signaling in tumour cells. The absence of the 14-3-3 protein sigma is not itself a prognosis factor, but its lack enables chronic NF-kB activity linked to tumour progression.
Consumers exhibit higher creativity and are more likely to buy new products with moderate background noise. This optimal level of noise induces distraction, encouraging abstract thinking and creative solutions.
A recent study published in Current Directions in Psychological Science found that color-blind policies can backfire, leading to increased racial bias and tension. The authors propose a multicultural approach as an alternative, which has been shown to improve understanding and spotting of discrimination., Minority applicants perceive d...
Researchers have elucidated the structure of a key protein involved in DNA double-strand break repair. The MRN complex plays a crucial role in cell survival and function, with mutations linked to distinct syndromes and predispositions to cancer, radiation sensitivity, and neurodegeneration.
A population-based study has found that high levels of ultraviolet radiation at birth, sun-sensitive skin type, and a history of skin cancer decreased the risk of pancreatic cancer. Participants born in areas with high UV radiation had a 24% lower risk compared to those born in low UV areas.
A study by Steffen Torp and colleagues found that long-term cancer survivors take significantly more sick leave than their non-cancer counterparts. Socio-demographic factors, such as education level and family status, were key predictors of sick leave, rather than the type or severity of cancer.
Researchers have created a dynamic 3D computer model of the human P-glycoprotein, which is thought to contribute to chemotherapy failure in many recurring cancers. The model enables scientists to virtually screen over 8 million potential drug compounds to find one that can help stop chemotherapy resistance.
A recent study found that asymptomatic rhinovirus infections were present in up to 60.5% of university students during an 8-week period, highlighting the potential for silent transmission. Researchers detected significantly lower viral loads in asymptomatic cases compared to symptomatic ones.
Researchers found that feeding mice house dust from dog-holding homes protected them against a common respiratory virus, RSV. The study suggests that microbes in the dust may modulate immune responses and protect against the virus.
A study by researchers at the University of Arizona found that pest populations are evolving resistance to genetically modified cotton plants, which produce toxins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis. The discovery highlights the need for closer monitoring and countering of pest resistance to biotech crops.
A recent NIH study found that HIV-positive young men are more likely to experience low bone mass than their peers. Regular monitoring, exercise, and sufficient vitamin D intake can help prevent future fracture risk. The study's findings highlight the importance of addressing bone health in this vulnerable population.
Young children are happier when giving treats to others than receiving them, according to a new UBC study. Toddlers under two years old display greater happiness when sharing their own treats with a puppet compared to receiving identical or provided treats.
Wild zebrafish use social learning to assess risk by observing other individuals' behavior and adjusting their own. They become more bold after interacting with bolder domesticated fish but do not change their behavior when encountering shy ones.
A new series by PLOS Medicine examines the role of the multinational food industry in shaping global health policies. Guest editors Marion Nestle and David Stuckler argue that public health professionals must recognize Big Food's influence and take action to expose and regulate its interests.
A recent UTHealth study found that lack of time and training are among the top barriers to effective physical activity counseling in primary care. The review highlights the need for evidence-based counseling methods and strategies to promote patient behavior change.
Research found that blogging positively impacts new mothers' well-being by increasing feelings of social support, marital satisfaction, and reducing parenting stress. Blogging provides an outlet for stay-at-home moms to connect with family and friends, showcasing their hobbies and accomplishments.
The Particle Data Group's 2012 edition is a comprehensive review of high-energy physics, covering results from the Large Hadron Collider and new data on neutrino oscillation. The online version includes an interactive web application for browsing the database and print-quality displays of mathematical expressions.
A novel family of experimental agents targeting the transport protein CRM1 may offer a new treatment for acute leukemia. The agents, called KPT-SINEs, have been shown to inhibit leukemia-cell proliferation, arrest cell division, and induce cell death and differentiation in animal models.
A University of Cincinnati study found strong correlations between Mycobacterium and visible mold, as well as between Stenotrophomonas and environmental relative moldiness index. These bacteria strains are linked to indoor bacterial contamination in water-damaged homes, posing health risks to occupants.
A study from Indiana University Kelley School of Business found that mutual fund managers over-weight companies from their home states by 12 percent, resulting in excessively risky portfolios. The practice is more pronounced among inexperienced managers and those with limited resources.
Experts in ecology and conservation science argue that Rio+20 talks should consider physical limits on resource use governed by ecological principles. Human ingenuity may be insufficient to overcome the constraints of the biosphere, but positive approaches can provide solutions for sustainable development.
A study published in PLoS Biology describes a way to break apart beneficial amyloid fibers that can play protective roles in the brain. Human cells have the necessary machinery to clear these fibers, which could lead to new treatments for neurodegenerative diseases.
Researchers have identified leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) as a potential target to block the growth of cancer stem cells in pancreatic tumors. Blocking LIF activity has been shown to reduce the tumor's ability to regenerate and metastasize.
Jan Vicente, a graduate student at the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, has been awarded a NOAA Dr. Nancy Foster Scholarship to investigate how ocean acidification affects sponge skeletons. The research will focus on two common Florida Keys sponges and their bacterial communities.
Researchers at Sandia National Laboratories created a solar nanowire array that can absorb a wider range of the sun's wavelengths, leading to increased efficiency. The array, grown on a phalanx of nanowires, allows for higher indium percentages and lower absorption base energies.
Researchers have discovered a novel mechanism for generating cancer-driving genes, bypassing chromosomal translocation. The SLC45A3-ELK4 fusion RNA promotes prostate cancer cell growth and disease progression in human samples.
Researchers found that metformin effectively eliminates cancer stem cells in pancreatic cancer, leading to tumor regression and long-term survival. Combining metformin with standard chemotherapy further eradicated both cancer stem cells and differentiated cancer cells.
A recent study found that UK cities exhibit striking differences in cycling cultures, from traditional modes of transport to edgy subcultures. In contrast, cyclists in certain locations face barriers such as bike theft and worrying about what to wear on their bikes.
Experts say soda companies' corporate social responsibility campaigns distract from the health risks of sugary beverages and shift blame to consumers. The campaigns target young people and aim to increase sales, diverting attention from the industry's contribution to rising obesity rates.
A recent study found that almost 90% of older adults aged 65-96 were willing to undergo dementia screening, with refusal rates higher among those between 70-79 years old. The study's results suggest that age is the primary factor affecting willingness, with no significant impact from sex, race, or income level.
Researchers found affluent men more likely to accept nuclear waste storage sites than women or economically disadvantaged individuals. The team analyzed local opinions on a Finnish nuclear waste repository and identified a 'white male effect,' highlighting the need for a more holistic approach to community involvement.
Tropical Storm Guchol weakened as it approached Japan, passing over the mainland on June 19, 2012. Radar and infrared imagery captured by NASA's TRMM and Aqua satellites showed a weakening typhoon with maximum sustained winds near 55 knots.
A new study reveals that baby songbirds learn and repeat the clearest versions of songs they hear, influenced by noise from nature and humans. This cultural selection process can lead to lasting changes in a species' top tunes, highlighting the impact of anthropogenic factors on bird communication.
Research found that infants consistently choose larger sets over smaller ones when both are above four, but struggle with comparisons involving one large and one small item. The study's findings could lead to improvements in early education programs by understanding how infants develop number representation skills.
A nationwide study of newly admitted nursing home patients found that 21% sustain a fall during their stay. Facilities with higher CNA-to-patient staffing ratios were associated with lower fall rates due to CNAs providing hands-on care during high-risk activities.
A genome-wide association study published in PLoS Genetics found six new loci associated with early onset male pattern baldness, including unexpected links to Parkinson's disease. The study also identified a risk score predictive of hair loss based on genotypes at eight associated loci.
A new study in the Journal of Consumer Research reveals that consumers with little product knowledge prioritize easy-to-compare standard features. Companies should adapt their strategies to cater to both expert and novice consumers, focusing on unique attributes for experts and improving existing features for novices.
A study by Brunel University found that only a few percent of older people in these communities receive formal care from the wider community or government. Women, particularly daughters and wives, play a crucial role in caregiving, but many face isolation and loneliness. The researchers emphasize the importance of family support for de...
Researchers at the University of Miami introduced a breakthrough theory that explains high-temperature superconductivity. The team found that specific quantum effects can generate superpositions of individual states, providing an effective glue to repair the system and allow superconducting behavior to emerge.
Brain injury in children is a complex and unpredictable condition, with no single best approach to predicting outcomes. Advanced imaging tests are often used in adults but have not been studied for use in children. Prevention of injury and tailored approaches are key to improving outcomes.
Surgical interns believe new duty-hour restrictions will decrease continuity with patients, coordination of care, and time spent operating, as well as reduce their acquisition of medical knowledge and development of surgical skills. However, they also report that the regulations will increase quality and safety of patient care.
DNA damage drives aging by activating NF-κB, a transcription factor that responds to cellular stress; inhibiting NF-κB reduces oxidative stress and senescence in mice.
Recent BaBar experiment data suggest a potential flaw in the Standard Model, with a particular type of particle decay happening more often than predicted. The results are intriguing but require replication and further investigation to confirm or rule out an actual discovery.
Researchers at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas have identified three viruses that target the bacteria causing American Foulbrood Disease in honeybees. The discovery offers hope for a new treatment to replace current methods that involve burning infected hives and could help save millions of bees.
Researchers have developed a sustainable method to convert orange peels into valuable chemicals and materials, including fragrances, water purification, and biofuels. This innovation has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and create a zero-waste biorefinery.
A recent Queen's University study found that the cheaper drug for treating wet Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) has a higher risk of causing eye inflammation and vision loss. The research indicates that patients receiving the cheaper drug had a 12 times higher risk of serious eye issues, emphasizing the need for caution in its use.
Researchers at Michigan Medicine developed a new method to generate cardiac muscle patches from stem cells, which can mimic the heart's crucial squeezing action. The engineered cells displayed activity similar to most people's resting heart rate and could potentially be used to help 2.5 million people with arrhythmia.
Researchers develop Thermal Quasi-Reflectography (TQR) system, capturing features not visible with current imaging techniques. The TQR system revealed hidden details in famous artworks, including the Zavattari frescos and 'The Resurrection' by Piero della Francesca.
A recent study found that Alzheimer's patients who undergo hospitalization are at risk for complications such as delirium, loss of independence, and death. Researchers also highlighted the risks associated with Flavocoxid, a medical food used to treat osteoarthritis, which can cause liver injury in some patients. Additionally, screenin...
Researchers found that Yankees fans estimated Fenway Park as closer to Yankee Stadium than Camden Yards, while non-Yankee fans accurately perceived the actual distance. This suggests that social categorization and identity threat play a role in shaping our representations of physical distances.
Researchers developed a single-dose vaccine that produces an antibody capable of binding to cocaine, preventing its entry into the brain. The vaccinated mice showed no effects from intravenous cocaine exposure, highlighting a potential novel approach to treating cocaine addiction.