The Amazon molly fish species has defied extinction predictions by maintaining its all-female population through asexually reproduced offspring. Its unique genetic variability, particularly in immune system genes, contributes to its survival, allowing it to rapidly grow and adapt to environmental changes.
A new review article provides a novice-level introduction to applying molecular genomics techniques to study complex behavior. The guide recommends specific tools and collaborations for behavioral ecologists, aiming to bridge the gap between behaviorists and genome annotators.
Researchers found that fish survive polluted stormwater but still suffer sensory damage, affecting food detection, predator sensing, and navigation. Soil-based filtering systems like rain gardens show promise in improving survival, but the benefit varies among species.
The study identified specific 'metastatic variant enhancer loci' that drive cancer cell metastasis, and showed that inhibiting these enhancers can halt the spread of tumor cells. Blocking expression of individual genes regulated by these enhancers also diminished metastatic capacity.
A new study proposes a North American Methane Reduction Framework to integrate public and private research and mitigation policies in the US, Canada, and Mexico. The researchers suggest that estimating emissions consistently across U.S. jurisdictions can help achieve the goal of reducing methane emissions from oil and gas sectors by 2025.
Researchers sequenced the first Amazon molly genome, revealing insights into its asexual reproduction and surprising genetic diversity. The study found evidence of hybrid vigor and high immune system variability in the clones, contradicting the expectation that asexuals would be at a disadvantage.
A new machine learning algorithm, SWING, has been developed to uncover the underlying biological networks within cells by analyzing time-series data. This allows researchers to understand how cells make decisions and respond to stimuli, which can lead to strategies for intervening in diseases like cancer.
A new study has found that a short five-minute treadmill test can predict the risk of premature death, similar to the traditional maximal fitness test. This submaximal fitness test requires less time and is more comfortable for patients, making it an attractive option for clinicians.
Jean-Charles Soria, a leading cancer researcher, has been awarded the TAT 2018 Honorary Award for his groundbreaking contributions to cancer drug development. His work has led to increased response rates and successful drug approvals, including osimertinib for lung cancer.
A three-year study introduced interactive online science units to 13 middle schools in two US states, resulting in significant gains for underachieving students. Students with learning disabilities improved 18 percentage points on assessments, while English language learners increased 15 percentage points.
A team of researchers found that rapid changes in sedimentation, not warming ocean waters, played a key role in destabilizing gas hydrates. The study used computer models and data from the Nyegga area to simulate the evolution of the seabed and response of gas hydrates during this period.
Researchers at Stanford University have developed a wake-up receiver that uses ultrasonic signals to turn on devices, extending battery life. The technology has potential applications in designing the next generation of networked devices, including 'smart' devices that can communicate directly with each other without human intervention.
A Northwestern University team has created a new fuel cell with exceptional power densities and long-term stability at optimal temperatures. The discovery enhances the viability of incorporating fuel cells into a sustainable energy future by solving multiple problems simultaneously through electrode, electrolyte, and contact improvements.
A 26-year-old Oregon woman became the first known human to be infected with Thelazia gulosa, a type of cattle eyeworm, after possibly being bitten by an infected fly while fishing in Alaska. She underwent treatment at OHSU and removed all 14 worms from her eye over the course of a month.
Researchers at Northwestern University have developed a new mechanism for controlled, sustained drug delivery using self-assembled nanomaterials. The system can slowly release drug carriers over months, reducing systemic side effects and inflammation.
Researchers found that outcomes for alternatives to whole liver transplantation, such as splitting a liver or using a part from a living donor, have improved for pediatric patients. These findings suggest opportunities for an increased organ supply and better use of those organs, potentially saving more lives.
An imaging study found altered signaling in the brain and spinal cord after short-term infusion of remifentanil, leading to increased sensitivity to heat pain stimuli. The results indicate that opioid application can alter pain processing in the central nervous system.
A new study reveals that efforts to discourage benzodiazepine use among older adults are showing progress, with prescription rates declining by seven percentage points since 2010. However, many prescriptions are still being written, highlighting the need for continued education and alternative treatments.
Two Boston University School of Medicine students, Travis Hallett and Aditya Mithal, took first- and second-place wins in the Massachusetts Medical Society's annual poster symposium. Their research explores the impact of Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansion on cardiovascular mortality.
A study of adolescents found that thinner brain cortex regions are associated with more impulsive decision-making. Cortical thickness predicted delay discounting, a measure of impulsivity related to the value of rewards, above cognitive and demographic variables.
Researchers have detected a significant acceleration in sea level rise since 1993, with ocean waters moving up the shore by almost 1 millimeter per decade. This acceleration means that the next generation will experience a far different landscape due to rising sea levels, posing significant concerns for vulnerable areas like Tampa Bay.
Researchers found that patients with recurrent atrial fibrillation had more preoperative dys-synchrony in the left atrium, indicating a higher risk of failed ablation procedures. A new biomarker based on cardiac imaging analysis could help personalize patient selection and reduce failure rates.
The Eversense implanted continuous glucose monitoring system has been proven to be safe and highly accurate in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes. The system achieved an average absolute relative difference of 4%, exceeding regulatory requirements for approval.
Nuno Maulide will receive the award at the European Colloquium on Heterocyclic Chemistry in Lecce, Italy, for his original work on unconventional reactivity profiles and high-energy reactive intermediates. The prize includes a travel grant, €1,000 cash prize, and a lifelong online subscription to Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry.
A study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology found that individuals who quickly disengage their attention from attractive partners are less likely to engage in infidelity. Conversely, those who take longer to look away from romantic alternatives have a higher risk of infidelity. Additionally, devaluing potentia...
A new tool using biomedical photonics is being explored to improve uterine transplant surgery by providing real-time data on tissue perfusion and viability. The study found that multispectral imaging proved effective in mapping oxygen saturation over the entire graft, demonstrating advantages over existing methods.
Red-fronted lemurs demonstrate ability to differentiate between conspecifics and closely related sister species based on facial pattern and color variations. The study found that females showed a stronger reaction than males, indicating visual and olfactory signals play crucial role in species recognition.
A IU-led study found that the neurotransmitter glutamate plays a role in some alcohol cravings and relapses. Glutamate levels decreased in the brains of individuals with alcohol abuse disorder after viewing cues associated with drinking.
Researchers have obtained detailed three-dimensional images of a megathrust fault west of Costa Rica, revealing long grooves and other features that may control how the fault slips in an earthquake. The study provides unprecedented insight into the mechanisms at work along these faults, critical for disaster management worldwide.
Researchers have developed a new additive that combines polyethylene and polypropylene, making them recyclable together. The multiblock polymer chain anchors the two plastics, allowing for more efficient recycling of plastic waste.
A NUS study has identified complex networks driving international wildlife trade, with large portions of markets remaining unknown. The findings suggest a nuanced approach to regulation is needed to address unsustainable harvesting and species extinction.
A report suggests national parks adopt smart technologies, such as real-time environmental monitoring and sensor systems, to improve visitor experiences and conserve resources. The Smart Parks model demonstrates how high connectivity can benefit all stakeholders, from nature conservationists to park authorities and emergency services.
A study combining axitinib and pembrolizumab found the treatment to be tolerable and doubling efficacy in patients with advanced kidney cancer. Over 90% of patients exhibited tumor shrinkage, keeping disease under control for over 20 months.
Scientists at the University of Manchester successfully produced human kidney tissue within a living organism that is able to produce urine. The new structures contain most of the constituent parts present in human nephrons, including proximal tubules and Bowman's capsule, and have been linked to the vasculature of mice.
A Duke University-led study has found dangerous levels of mercury and methylmercury near artisanal gold mines in Senegal, contaminating soils, sediments, and rivers. Mercury poisoning can cause various health impacts, including tremors, muscle weakness, and birth defects.
McMaster University engineers have developed a printed paper-based device that speeds up and improves the accuracy of drug screening. The technology uses a printable hydrogel to filter out inaccurate results, reducing the time and cost associated with drug discovery.
A multicenter retrospective cohort study found that comprehensive education prior to discharge significantly lowers readmission rates in children hospitalized for acute asthma. Discharge components such as medication provision, communication with primary medical doctors, and post-discharge activities also show promise in reducing readm...
Researchers at UC Davis develop a culture system that efficiently derives embryonic stem cells from cattle on nearly every attempt. This breakthrough could revolutionize the way genetics is done by orders of magnitude, enabling faster breeding of genetically superior cows with desirable traits.
A multidisciplinary team of Penn researchers will investigate immune system response to cancers and develop new therapies for gynecologic cancers. The team will examine how patients vary in their responses to different anti-cancer therapies and identify key factors contributing to treatment success.
NASA's Terra satellite captured images of Tropical Depression 02W on Feb. 9, showing a developing low level circulation center with minimal convection. The National Weather Service has issued a Tropical Storm Watch for Guam and Yap State due to hazardous surf and rip currents.
Astrophysicists at UChicago used laser experiments to verify the turbulent dynamo theory, explaining the generation of cosmic magnetic fields. The study confirmed that turbulent plasma can amplify a weak magnetic field to strengths observed in stars and galaxies.
Researchers found a clear link between low arachidonic acid levels and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in extremely premature babies. Providing the children with arachidonic acid may help reduce the risk of ROP and minimize blindness.
Researchers at Caltech developed a new technique to create complex nanoscale metal structures using 3D printing. The process involves synthesizing organic scaffolds that contain metal ions, allowing for the creation of metallic structures smaller than previously possible.
Researchers at Utah State University developed a method using aerial imagery to estimate river discharge, filling data gaps in smaller rivers and streams. The approach combines image processing techniques and hydraulic modeling for accurate flow estimates.
Scientists at the University of Waterloo have created a new class of semiconductors by controlling the orientation and size of single-walled carbon nanotubes. This breakthrough could lead to more powerful devices with improved battery life, as they consume less power.
A new systematic review suggests that pets contribute to managing mental health conditions by providing emotional support and reducing feelings of loneliness. The study highlights both positive and negative aspects of pet ownership, emphasizing the importance of incorporating pet-related support into mainstream mental health care.
Researchers discovered that polyploid liver cells can protect the liver against cancer by carrying extra copies of tumor suppressor genes. This finding challenges the notion that polyploidy is a pro-cancer state and suggests it could be an adaptive response within normal liver cells.
Scientists successfully use ultrasound to propel gold nanowires carrying the Cas9-sgRNA complex across cell membranes, enabling targeted gene knockout. The system is simple and requires minimal payload, making it a promising therapeutic approach for cancer treatment.
A new study by the Keck School of Medicine of USC reveals that 67% of neurosurgery residents experience burnout during training, with factors including inadequate exposure to the operating room and hostile faculty contributing to the issue. The study's findings highlight the need for improved mentorship support to reduce burnout and pr...
A new study provides the first 3D visualization of the dynein-dynactin complex bound to microtubules, revealing a surprising feature: two dynein molecules where one was expected, with four motor domains total. This discovery helps explain how dynein can haul large loads over long distances in crowded cellular environments.
A study by ISGlobal found high concentrations of mercury, cadmium and lead in people living close to the North Peruvian oil pipeline. The study, which assessed 130 individuals, revealed that 50% had mercury levels above safe threshold values, with children under 10 showing the highest risk.
Researchers have discovered that naked mole rats are able to inhibit metabolic processes of senescent cells, making them less pathogenic. The rodents' cells also display increased resistance to DNA damage, which may be essential for their longevity and cancer resistance.
A new study found that a simple density measurement of bone quality from chest and abdominal CT scans can predict fracture risk in older adults. Having a low vertebral trabecular attenuation threshold was associated with an increased risk of future fractures.
Researchers have discovered that narwhals congregate near glacier fjords with specific physical properties, suggesting a preference for freshwater environments. The study aims to better understand the impact of climate change on these elusive marine mammals.
Scientists at Rockefeller University have identified a molecule called Daple that helps construct and align the sensory hair bundles in the inner ear. These bundles are crucial for detecting sound, motion, and spatial orientation.
Researchers predict few-layer Tellurium (FL-α-Te) as a superior semiconductor to black phosphorus due to its high carrier mobility, tunable bandgap, and strong light absorption. FL-α-Te exhibits anisotropic inter-chain vibrational behaviors and nearly isotropic strong light absorption, making it an ideal material for thermoelectrics.
A major new study confirms that a diet high in fruit and vegetables is better for the planet than one high in animal products. Organic food consumption adds additional climate benefits for plant-based diets, but not for diets with only moderate contribution from plant products.
Research reports cases of shingles developing at original vaccination site after chicken pox immunization, highlighting the importance of recognizing vaccine-associated shingles. The condition is rare but may correlate to the vaccination site.
A team of researchers at the University of Delaware is developing an augmented reality system that can spot explosive hazards precisely and from a safe distance. The technology uses traditional cameras, thermal infrared sensing, and ground penetrating radar to detect IEDs up to 30 meters away.
Researchers developed a rapid test to diagnose Parkinson's and dementia with Lewy bodies using cerebral spinal fluid samples. The test showed high accuracy in detecting these diseases within two days, outperforming related assays.