Climate change could lead to sweeping global landscape changes, threatening biodiversity and vital services like water security and carbon storage. The study used fossil records of vegetation change to project future ecosystem transformations under various greenhouse gas emissions scenarios.
A new study published in Cell Metabolism found that limiting the times when lab mice eat can correct obesity and other metabolic problems, even when they're fed an unhealthy diet. The results suggest a previously unknown link between disruption of the clock and eating behavior.
A study using paleoecological records suggests that Earth's terrestrial ecosystems are at risk of major transformation under most aggressive climate scenarios. The analysis reveals that a post-glacial warming of 4-7° Celsius was sufficient to drive changes in terrestrial ecosystems worldwide.
Researchers at Kanazawa University developed a novel method for hydroboration of alkynes utilizing radical chemistry, resulting in the creation of previously inaccessible trans-hydroboration products. This breakthrough enables the synthesis of various bench-stable alkenyl borane compounds that can be converted into drug candidates.
Researchers have created a comprehensive eye-tracking database for reading in Russian, providing insights into how native speakers process texts. The study sheds light on the characteristics of individual languages and has significant implications for diagnosing and correcting speech disorders, as well as determining language proficiency.
Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis create 'blink' method to image amyloids, allowing for non-invasive visualization of these problematic proteins. The technique uses temporary fluorescence, causing amyloids to flash and enabling researchers to better understand their structure and behavior.
A potential sixth tropical cyclone is forming in the far eastern Atlantic Ocean, with NASA detecting strong storms and coldest cloud tops as cold as minus 70 degrees Fahrenheit. The system is expected to move near or over the southern Cabo Verde Islands on Friday, Aug. 31, posing a threat of life-threatening flash floods.
Researchers at Penn State have developed a wearable device that harnesses energy from the swing of an arm while walking or jogging, producing enough power to run a personal health monitoring system. The device is more efficient than standard electromagnetic harvesters and can sustain high strains without cracking.
A study published in The Lancet found that telemedical interventional management reduced unplanned hospitalizations by 44% and increased life expectancy for patients with heart failure. Patients who received remote patient management interventions also showed significant reductions in all-cause mortality, regardless of their location.
A new study from the University at Buffalo found that the presence of new or worsened bedsores is associated with lower quality outcomes for rehabilitation patients, including decreased functional independence and longer hospital stays. The study used data from nearly 500,000 Medicare patients discharged between 2013 and 2014.
Researchers found that fruit flies use a small, bright spot (the simulated sun) as a landmark to fly straight with respect to its position. The study also shows that these flies have compass neurons in their brains associated with this navigational behavior.
The NSF's EDGE program has awarded $10 million to develop genomic tools that will enable researchers to identify mechanisms determining gene function in organisms. This research aims to advance efforts to predict phenotype by developing enhanced genomic tools and infrastructure, contributing to understanding the rules of life.
Researchers developed a neural-network model that can accurately predict depression in individuals based on raw text and audio data from clinical interviews. The model learns speech patterns indicative of depression without relying on specific questions or answers, offering potential for scalable and accessible mental health monitoring.
Scott Juntti, UMD professor, develops genomic tools for testing genes' impact on organism traits in cichlid fish. The goal is to predict an organism's phenotype by understanding the sets of rules that govern genetic variation.
Researchers have developed an assay that concurrently profiles the epigenome and transcriptome of each cell type, revealing how different cells interpret their genetic code. The study provides insights into the relationship between epigenome and transcriptome, as well as the regulation of gene expression across various cell types.
Researchers at the University of Helsinki identified a novel species of Propionic Acid Bacteria, which was named after A.I. Virtanen due to its genetic differences from previously described strains. The discovery honors Virtanen's pioneering work on PAB, a topic often overlooked in his biographies.
Researchers are studying the genetic basis of carnivorous plant evolution, seeking to understand how similar traits emerge in different orders. Dr. Kenji Fukushima's work aims to develop new molecular tools for analyzing specific genes in carnivorous plants.
A new evidence-based white paper provides practical approaches to preventing Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infections in neonatal intensive care units. The guidance recommends against routine testing for C. difficile in neonates and suggests evaluating first for more common causes of diarrhea.
Researchers at Washington State University have successfully cloned grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3, a breakthrough that could lead to new strategies controlling the disease. The discovery opens the door for experiments and treatments to protect valuable vineyards from the devastating disease.
The NSF's EDGE program awards $10 million to develop genomic tools that can identify mechanisms determining how genes affect organisms' physical and functional characteristics. Researchers will create innovative tools to predict phenotype, contributing to 'Understanding the Rules of Life' and various societal benefits.
Researchers at UC Berkeley have developed a technology to remove contaminants from storm water using mineral-coated sand. The coated sand can break down organic pollutants into smaller pieces that are less toxic and more biodegradable, creating a safe and local reservoir of drinking water for communities.
Researchers discovered that vesicle and scaffold proteins arrive at nascent synapses as preformed functional units, enabling instantaneous neurotransmitter release. The findings may aid in designing better nerve-regenerating therapies and accelerating synapse formation after injuries.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic have discovered that a dietary supplement called cyclocreatine may block the growth of HER2 positive breast cancer. The study found that cyclocreatine effectively targets mitochondrial creatine kinase 1 enzyme and reduces cancer growth without toxicity.
Researchers have discovered that neurons themselves trigger the immune system response in Rasmussen's encephalitis, leading to synaptic damage. By blocking this signalling pathway, they may be able to develop new treatments for the disease.
A recent study published in Personality Neuroscience found that certain brain regions and personality traits can help protect against depression and anxiety. Researchers identified common factors in brain structure and personality that contribute to resilience against emotional distress.
Using Nobel Prize-winning methods, researchers developed a mathematical approach to predict human behavior in crowds, predicting distribution and mood based on density fluctuations. The approach could be applied to analyze population flows and provide early warnings for extreme crowding.
Lipsitz has received the prestigious award for his professional leadership in teaching, service, and interpretation of gerontology to the larger society. He is recognized for his contributions to the study of aging and dissemination of information among scientists, decision makers, and the general public.
A new study reveals pervasive stigmatizing views and myths about psoriasis in the United States, affecting daily life and relationships. The research found that 54% of respondents did not want to date someone with psoriasis, highlighting the need for education and awareness to dispel these negative perceptions.
Researchers have successfully boosted expression of the dystrophin gene to therapeutic levels in large animal models, a crucial step towards developing a treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The study demonstrates that CRISPR/Cas9 approaches can improve muscle function and integrity in DMD patients.
Research has shed light on the mechanism of sexual transmission of Marburg virus, identifying persistent infection in seminiferous tubules and specialized cells called Sertoli cells. The study suggests that targeting immunosuppressive regulatory T cells may help clear Marburg virus from the testes, preventing sexual transmission.
A study published in the British Journal of Nutrition found that a traditional Mediterranean diet can reduce all-cause mortality by 25% in people over 65 years old. The diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, fish, pulses, olive oil, and cereals, also lowers cardiovascular and cerebrovascular mortality risk.
Researchers identified three key proteins that determine blood vessel growth and behavior, which may become new therapeutic targets. A novel approach focusing on endothelial cell metabolism could outperform current anti-VEGF therapies in efficacy.
Researchers have determined the DNA code of the opium poppy genome, unlocking key steps in how the plant evolved to produce vital medicines. The discovery may lead to improved yields and disease resistance, securing a reliable supply of effective pain relief medications.
Researchers at Tokyo Institute of Technology developed a fluorescent protein sensor that can provide real-time information on dynamic changes in oxygen levels. The ANA sensor shows very high sensitivity in tracking changes in oxygen content.
A new method to create single-atom catalysts for fuel cells has been developed at Washington State University, potentially making clean energy technology more economically viable. The catalysts, made from iron or cobalt salts and glucosamine, show improved stability and activity compared to commercial platinum catalysts.
A study by the University of Adelaide found that companies with a balanced mix of men and women on their boards experience significantly fewer environmental lawsuits. This suggests that female directors contribute to reducing corporate environmental litigation, with a saving of up to $3.1 million per lawsuit.
A new study reveals that the reintroduction of wolves into Yellowstone National Park has led to a significant increase in aspen growth due to reduced elk populations. With fewer elk, aspen trees are no longer heavily browsed and can now thrive in areas around the park, supporting greater biodiversity.
A study of injection wells reveals that they can cause earthquakes up to 6 miles away from the well site. Injecting fluids into sedimentary rock produces bigger, more distant earthquakes compared to injecting into the underlying basement rock. This challenges current recommendations for hydraulic fracturing and wastewater disposal.
Researchers project that insect activity will increase along with temperatures, boosting worldwide losses of rice, corn and wheat by 10-25 percent. For a 2-degree Celsius rise in surface temperatures, median losses in yield due to insect activity would be 31% for corn, 19% for rice and 46% for wheat.
Researchers found that a single dose of cannabidiol eliminated symptoms of depression in rats and maintained benefits for up to seven days. The study's findings suggest that cannabidiol rapidly triggers neuroplastic mechanisms to repair damaged neuronal circuitry, providing new hope for treating broad-spectrum depression.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that the jaw joint bone structure of carnivorans is more closely related to their body size than their diet. Researchers used 3D printing and CT scans to analyze the mandibular condyle, a key joint in the jaw, and discovered no significant correlation between diet and jaw joint strength or complexity.
Children are dying from the indirect impact of armed conflicts in Africa, which is three to five times greater than direct casualties. This burden remains elevated over years and even after a conflict has ended, raising the risk of death for infants by over 30 percent.
The European Union and European Economic Area experience stable rates of gonorrhea resistance to antibiotics, with azithromycin remaining a concern. The use of dual therapy regimens may contribute to increased susceptibility.
A study by the University of Sheffield found that online abuse of UK politicians on Twitter increased substantially between 2015 and 2017, with more abuse sent in 2017. The most common topics for abusive replies were national security and terror attacks.
A new study reveals that IT jobs have grown by 19.5% between 2004 and 2017, while less IT-intensive occupations grew only 2.4% over the same period. The growth in IT jobs is more than eight times the growth rate of other jobs.
Researchers re-examine older data on coronal mass ejections, finding new information that could help protect satellites and the electrical grid from impacts.
A new intervention has been found to reduce mortality rates by 50% among people with HIV who inject drugs. The program combines psychosocial counseling, guidance on the healthcare system, and support from systems navigators to increase treatment participation and HIV suppression.
Researchers have discovered a specific protein, FABP5, that promotes processes associated with cancer aggressiveness, including cell growth, invasiveness, survival, and inflammation. Understanding the molecular pathways of this protein could lead to finding more effective therapeutic targets for prostate and breast cancers.
A new survey reveals that 57 percent of American adults have been surprised by unexpected medical bills. The public holds insurers and hospitals primarily responsible for these surprise bills.
Researchers used CRISPR gene editing to restore dystrophin protein levels by up to 92% in dogs with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The study provides strong indication of a potential lifesaving treatment for the disease, which affects one in 5,000 boys and leads to muscle and heart failure.
Researchers at the University of Missouri found that depressed children are six times more likely to experience skill deficits, such as social skills or academics difficulties. Parents and teachers often fail to recognize depressed children, but can identify other symptoms like social problems or inattention.
A team of researchers at the University of Florida has identified a novel approach to treating Alzheimer's disease by harnessing the power of an immune cell protein. Soluble versions of TLR5 can reduce amyloid plaque buildup and prevent neuronal damage in mouse models.
Post-Tropical Cyclone Lane has ceased to be a tropical cyclone and will dissipate soon after hitting record-setting rainfall on the Hawaiian Islands. The NASA-NOAA Suomi NPP satellite captured a visible image of its final hours, showing wind shear taking its toll on the storm.
The Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR) has received the Secretary of Energy's Achievement Award for its significant achievements in developing high-performance, low-cost energy storage technologies. The award recognizes the contributions of 29 individuals across multiple JCESR institutions.
A pilot study shows that immersing city-dwelling children in a traditional hunter-gatherer lifestyle for two weeks increases their gut microbiota diversity, while adults' microbiota remain stable. Researchers hope to replicate these findings with a larger study involving urban children and traditional village diets.
Researchers developed a novel way to analyze poor urban communities, revealing obstacles between unplanned areas and infrastructure. The models identify distinctions between informal and formal neighborhood structures, enabling the creation of people-centered urban planning solutions.
At ESC Congress 2018, a record 156 countries were represented, with over 4,500 abstracts presented in 500 expert sessions. Key clinical trials included MARINER, CAMELLIA-TIMI 61, and ASCEND, which may impact practice and guideline updates. The congress also featured new guidelines for hypertension care.
Researchers found that harvesting sustainable seafood globally can lead to higher food production and profits, even considering declining fish populations due to ocean warming. The study suggests that implementing adaptive management practices could offset the negative impacts of climate change on fisheries.
A University of Basel study reveals that native forest trees can adapt to extreme drought by closing their pores, preventing damage and reducing water loss. Despite this, researchers caution that prolonged dry spells could weaken trees and make them more susceptible to insect infestations.
A recent study found that Fiordland penguins travel up to 7,000km in just eight weeks to reach sub-Antarctic waters for food. The authors believe the birds may be following an instinct rather than a need to forage in this region.