Quieting the storm
Researchers at Harvard Medical School used acupuncture to regulate inflammatory responses and improve survival in mice with cytokine storm. The study found that site, intensity, and timing of treatment influenced the response.
Science News Archive 2020 - Page 206
Browse by Month - 2020
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Exercise induces secretion of biomarkers into sweat
A new study finds that endurance exercise induces changes in sweat biomolecule levels, potentially creating a non-invasive exercise monitoring system. Sweat extracellular vesicles contain microRNA molecules, which regulate biological processes and are essential mediators in exercise adaptations.
SourceUniversity of Jyväskylä - Jyväskylän yliopisto·JournalFrontiers in Physiology·DateAug 12, 2020
Identifying molecular targets to prevent obesity-induced cardiovascular diseases
A University of Houston researcher has identified sphingomyelinase as a key player in the development of obesity-induced cardiovascular disease. The study aims to develop therapeutic strategies for treatment or prevention of this condition, which affects millions worldwide.
Meditation-relaxation therapy may offer escape from the terror of sleep paralysis
A pilot study suggests meditation-relaxation therapy can reduce the frequency and severity of sleep paralysis. Participants experienced a significant decrease in sleep paralysis episodes and hallucination disturbances after treatment.
Improving treatment of spinal cord injuries
A team of researchers has developed an osmotic therapy device that removes fluid from the spinal cord to reduce swelling and prevent further damage. The device showed promising results in rats, reducing swelling and improving neurological outcomes.
SourceUniversity of California - Riverside·JournalFrontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology·DateAug 12, 2020
A novel strategy for quickly identifying twitter trolls
A novel strategy for quickly identifying Twitter trolls uses linguistic features, including repeated words and word pairs, to distinguish between genuine and deceptive messages. The algorithm requires as few as 50 tweets for accurate identification, offering a potential tool for combating hybrid warfare while preserving freedom of speech.
Some physicians are ordering thyroid tests for unsupported reasons
Researchers found that up to one-third of physicians ordered thyroid ultrasounds without a clear reason supported by clinical guidelines. The study suggests clearer guidelines could help reduce low-risk thyroid cancer cases.
Singapore researchers discover genetic link to predict positive response to immunotherapy in patient
A Singapore team identified a mutation in the PD-L1 gene as a reliable biomarker for patients with natural-killer T-cell lymphoma who are likely to respond positively to anti-PD-1 therapy. The study found an overall response rate of 47% and complete responses in 7 out of 19 patients.
Molecular additives enhance mechanical properties of organic solar cell material
Computational experiments on semiconducting polymers show that adding small molecules enhances performance and stability; predicting improved solar cell materials for extreme operational stress-strain conditions. Researchers at Lehigh University used Frontera, the world's fastest academic supercomputer, to demonstrate this finding.
New microrobot with in situ, in vivo bioprinting offers promise for gastric wounds
A microrobot combined with in situ, in vivo bioprinting has been developed to treat gastric wounds. The platform, which can fold itself down to enter the body, has shown promising results in repairing tissues and promoting cell viability.
New study suggests ADHD- like behavior helps spur entrepreneurial activity
A new study found a link between sleep and entrepreneurship, suggesting that temporary ADHD-like tendencies generated by lack of sleep can be a benefit in spurring ventures. Practicing entrepreneurs also showed a consistent influence of impermanent sleep problems on entrepreneurial intentions.
Lack of females in drug dose trials leads to overmedicated women
New research from UC Berkeley and University of Chicago finds a significant gender gap in drug dosages, leading to women experiencing worse side effects nearly twice as often as men. The study recommends dosage reductions for women for various medications, calling for broader awareness of biological sex and gender differences.
New treatments spur sharp reduction in lung cancer mortality rate
Recent advances in treatment have led to a sharp reduction in lung cancer mortality rates in the US, with non-small cell lung cancer deaths decreasing faster than incidence. The study found significant improvements in survival for both men and women, particularly after the introduction of targeted therapies.
Face mask insert could help diagnose conditions
Researchers have developed a method to use face masks to collect compounds in exhaled breath aerosols for analysis, enabling large-scale screening for disease biomarkers. The new technique uses a fiber inserted into an N95 face mask to concentrate molecules, allowing for more efficient identification through mass spectrometry.
A phylogenetic analysis reveals the evolution of the mitochondrial calcium transporter
A study published in Nature Communications reveals that mitochondrial calcium transporters duplicated around one billion years ago, giving rise to two subtypes. Only one subtype is present in animals, while most fungi conserve the other, making chytrids a suitable model organism for research.
SourceInstitute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)·JournalNature Communications·DateAug 12, 2020
PAD patients with depression had worse recovery, women twice as likely to be depressed
Research published in the Journal of the American Heart Association found that PAD patients with depressive symptoms have a poorer recovery rate. Women are twice as likely to be depressed than men. The study highlights the importance of integrating mental health screening and treatment into chronic disease management for optimal outcomes.
Children think robots can help the elderly -- but not their own grandparents
A study found that children think robots can assist with various tasks for older adults, such as Pepper and Tessa, but are more doubtful about helping their own grandparents. The Uncanny Valley phenomenon may contribute to this skepticism, where human-like robots become less intimidating when assigned a clear task.
Breast screening women in their forties saves lives
A new study led by Queen Mary University of London found that breast screening women aged 40-49 reduces breast cancer mortality with minimal increased overdiagnosis. The study analyzed data from 160,000 women and found a 25% reduction in breast cancer mortality in the first ten years.
No increased skin cancer risk with topical immunosuppressant ointments
Researchers from Massachusetts General Hospital studied nearly 94,000 people with atopic dermatitis and found no association between topical immunosuppressants and increased skin cancer risk. The study suggests that patients can safely use these medications to treat their condition without an increased risk of skin cancer.
Scientists unveil nature of active site in nitrogen-doped carbon for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction
Researchers have discovered that graphitic nitrogen (GN) dopants significantly improve the activity of adjacent carbon atoms for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to CO. The study found a 95% Faradaic efficiency at -0.5 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, outperforming other N-dopant types.
SourceChinese Academy of Sciences Headquarters·JournalCell Reports Physical Science·DateAug 12, 2020
COVID-19 news from Annals of Internal Medicine
A retrospective cohort study found obesity was a significant independent risk factor for death from COVID-19. Patients with high BMI were 4 times more likely to die within 21 days of diagnosis compared to those in the normal weight group.
Young children would rather explore than get rewards
In a study published in Developmental Science, researchers found that young children systematically explore options to gather information, even when rewards are available. The children's approach is driven by a desire to understand the world, rather than seeking immediate rewards.
Boston Medical Center receives HRSA grant to expand addiction fellowship programs
The expansion will train 48 fellows in addiction medicine or psychiatry to provide high-quality prevention and treatment services for vulnerable populations. This training aims to address access disparities and stigma, with a focus on community-based care.
New research reveals mysterious blue whirl flame structure
A new study reveals that the mysterious blue whirl flame consists of three different structures: diffusion, premixed rich, and lean flames. The researchers' simulations suggest that these flames can be controlled and scaled up safely to larger sizes.
SourceAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)·JournalScience Advances·DateAug 12, 2020
Trustful collaboration critical for outcome of therapy
A trusting therapeutic relationship and collaborative approach between therapist and patient are crucial for successful mental illness treatment. Early alliance in therapy also plays a significant role in reducing symptoms and improving outcomes.
Technology can help speed soil recovery after oil spills
A new method using Vis-NIR spectroscopy reduces the cost and time required to analyze soil samples, allowing for faster restoration of ecosystems. The technology enables scientists to estimate concentration levels in impacted soil quickly and easily.
Group produces materials via self-organization in chemical systems
The Campinas Electrochemistry Group produces novel materials through self-organization in chemical systems. The group aims to achieve a deeper understanding of these processes to control their growth and structure. This research has the potential to lead to advancements in catalytic efficiency, selectivity, and material properties.
SourceFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo·JournalThe Journal of Physical Chemistry C·DateAug 12, 2020
New nitrogen products are in the air
Researchers at Yale University have developed a method to combine atmospheric nitrogen with benzene to produce aniline, a precursor to various synthetic materials. This breakthrough could lead to the creation of new products such as dyes and pharmaceuticals.
ALMA sees most distant Milky Way look-alike
Astronomers using ALMA have discovered the most distant Milky Way look-alike galaxy, SPT0418-47, which is surprisingly unchaotic and appears as a ring of light in the sky. The discovery challenges our understanding of how galaxies form and gives new insights into the past of the Universe.
Efficient valves for electron spins
Researchers at the University of Basel developed a new technique for efficient control and detection of electron spins in semiconductor devices. The spin valves can be controlled individually using nanomagnets, allowing for precise determination of electron spin orientation.
New way to check the quality of nanomaterials like graphene
A new method developed by researchers at the University of Sussex provides detailed information about the size and thickness of graphene particles. This technique is a non-destructive, laser-based approach that allows for statistical mapping of nanosheet populations in materials.
Demographics data helps predict NY flood insurance claims
A new study reveals that census areas with more white, affluent homeowners file higher flood insurance claims than lower-income minority residents. The researchers found that social demographic variables, including politics and property values, improve predictions of flood insurance claims.
Examining Congress members' popularity on Instagram
A study found that personal content, such as family photos and selfies, receives almost 17% more likes and 31% more comments than policy-focused posts. The study also shows that well-known congress members have significantly more followers.
Searching the ancient depths of a reptilian genome yields insight into all vertebrates
Scientists have deciphered the ancient genome of the tuatara, a reptile native to New Zealand, revealing patterns that shed light on vertebrate evolution and genomic structure. The study's findings confirm the evolutionary position of the tuatara and provide insights into human genomes.
Soldiers could teach future robots how to outperform humans
Researchers developed an algorithm that allows robots to improve navigation systems by watching a human drive, enabling them to navigate more quickly and with fewer failures. This approach uses machine learning from demonstration, leveraging the expertise of soldiers in training environments.
Internal differences: A new method for seeing into cells
Researchers at Weizmann Institute of Science develop new technology to see inside tens of thousands of individual cells at once, identifying a subset of innate immune cells that collaborate with cancer. This breakthrough may lead to immunotherapy treatment for cancer.
Combination therapy improves survival outcomes for patients with acute myeloid leukemia
A Phase III trial led by the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center found that combining venetoclax and azacitidine improved overall survival and achieved a 66.4% complete remission rate in patients with acute myeloid leukemia.
SourceUniversity of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center·JournalNew England Journal of Medicine·DateAug 12, 2020
PLOS special collection launch
The EAC's MRH initiative has streamlined timelines for medicinal product applications, decreasing from 24 months to 8-14 months. The initiative aims to improve access to quality medicines by harmonizing technical standards and regulatory requirements.
Scientist to resurrect water fleas from U.S. nuclear fallout zone
A researcher at the University of Texas at Arlington is using Daphnia, or water fleas, to study the long-term evolutionary impacts of nuclear testing. By hatching decades-old eggs and measuring their viability and traits, Matthew Walsh aims to understand how nuclear-induced mutations affect generations of water fleas.
TV-watching snackers beware: you won't notice you're full if your attention is elsewhere
Research from the University of Sussex found that participants who watched TV while performing a demanding task ate more snacks regardless of calorie content. However, those who engaged less in tasks consumed fewer snacks. The study suggests that distracted attention affects satiety cues and eating habits.
Simpler and faster microscopy system enabling broader biomedical applications
A team of scientists has developed a novel 2D MFOR-PAM system utilizing a 2D microlens array and an acoustic ergodic relay to detect PA signals in parallel. This system can shorten scanning time by at least 400 times compared to conventional OR-PAM systems, while maintaining a simple and economic setup.
Short-term use of HIV-prevention medication protects at-risk men on vacation
A new study found that short-term use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) medication can effectively prevent HIV transmission in men who have sex with men. During a vacation, 94% of participants had blood concentrations protective against HIV, while no transmissions occurred during the trip itself.
Research Finds Women Often Overprescribed Opioids After Childbirth
A new study reveals that women often receive excessive opioid prescriptions after childbirth, leading to a higher risk of addiction and misuse within communities. The research emphasizes the need for revised prescribing practices to prioritize patient health and safety.
SourceAmerican Osteopathic Association·JournalThe Journal of the American Osteopathic Association·DateAug 12, 2020
Maternal obesity and the risk of early-onset hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
Pregnant obese women are at higher risk of early and late-onset hypertensive disorders, with the risk increasing with higher body mass indexes (BMI). The study found a strong association between maternal obesity and both early- and late-onset hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
SourceUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at Houston·JournalObstetrics and Gynecology·DateAug 12, 2020
Selective conversion of reactive lithium compounds made possible
Researchers at Ruhr-University Bochum have developed a new phosphine-palladium catalyst that selectively converts organolithium compounds into desired products, reducing unwanted side reactions. The catalyst's high activity and selectivity enable industrial-scale production of pharmaceuticals, chemicals for agriculture, and other fine ...
Secretion of sugar polymers modulates multicellularity in the bacterium Myxococcus xanthus
Two natural sugar polymers, exopolysaccharide and biosurfactant, contribute to multicellularity in M. xanthus. The compounds are produced in distinct areas of the swarm, promoting the formation of complex structures and ensuring community survival.
KIST finds a strong correlation between ultrasonic stroke rehabilitation treatment and brain waves
Researchers at KIST found a strong correlation between ultrasonic stroke rehabilitation treatment and changes in delta brain waves, which can improve motor functions. The study lays the foundation for developing a patient-specific stimulation method to estimate therapeutic effects.
SourceNational Research Council of Science & Technology·JournalIEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering·DateAug 12, 2020
After Stillbirth, New Genetic Analyses May Give Parents Answers
Researchers have identified an array of new genes that cause stillbirth, significantly increasing the understanding of the condition's genetic foundations. The findings suggest that genetic analysis could be used to counsel parents who have previously experienced stillbirth and unlock new human biology.
SourceColumbia University Irving Medical Center·JournalNew England Journal of Medicine·DateAug 12, 2020
Despite large numbers tested, kids in England made up just 1% of COVID-19+ cases during first wave
Children accounted for only 1408 out of 129704 positive results, equal to 1% of total and 4% of tests carried out on them. The case fatality rate was estimated to be less than 1 in 200 (0.5%)
Fear of stricter regulations spurs gun sales after mass shootings, new analysis suggests
A new study found that firearm purchases increase after mass shootings primarily driven by concern over regulation rather than perceived need for protection. The researchers used data science to analyze spatio-temporal data from all US states and determined causation behind the correlation.
Building the batteries of cells
Two mitochondrial apolipoproteins, APOO/MIC26 and APOOL/MIC27, regulate mitochondrial protein complex stability and are associated with diabetic cardiomyopathy. The study reveals the importance of cardiolipin and crista junctions in maintaining cellular respiration.
UCF researchers utilize Human-on-a-Chip® approach to model ALS pathology
A new study demonstrates the effectiveness of a Human-on-a-Chip technology in modeling amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) pathology. The system reproduces assays used in clinics to assess ALS deficits, showing promise for accelerated drug development and treatment screening.
Combining genetic information with EMRs to pinpoint childhood epilepsies
A team of researchers linked genetic information with electronic medical records to identify the impact of genetic epilepsies on affected children's lives. They found associations between specific genes and clinical features, such as seizures and intellectual disability.
Multifocal contact lenses slow myopia progression in children
A clinical trial funded by the National Eye Institute found that multifocal contact lenses reduce worsening nearsightedness and slow eye growth in children. The study, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, shows promising results for a new option in myopia control.
Study: Machine learning can predict market behavior
A new study by Cornell researchers uses machine learning to assess the effectiveness of mathematical tools in predicting financial markets. The model can also predict future market movements, a task considered extraordinarily difficult due to markets' massive amounts of information and high volatility.
ECMO for patients with COVID-19, severe respiratory failure
Researchers successfully used single-access, dual-stage venovenous ECMO to treat COVID-19 patients with severe respiratory failure. The study found early extubation during ECMO support was crucial in improving patient outcomes.
Research finds TSA may have missed thousands of firearms at checkpoints in 2014-2016
A new study estimates that the TSA could have found as many as 4,600 firearms missed at airport security checkpoints between 2014 and 2019.
SourceInstitute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences·JournalINFORMS Journal on Applied Analytics·DateAug 11, 2020
Collaboration is key to rebuilding coral reefs
A global research study has identified successful coral reef restoration projects that combined local community engagement, tourism support, and trained local fishermen or divers. These collaborative efforts resulted in high coral survival rates, increased coral cover, and socioeconomic benefits for surrounding communities.
Vaping linked to COVID-19 risk in teens and young adults, Stanford-led study finds
A Stanford-led study found that vaping is linked to a substantially increased risk of COVID-19 among teenagers and young adults. Those who vaped were five to seven times more likely to be infected with the virus, highlighting the importance of warning teenagers and young adults about the dangers of vaping.
NYC shoppers 4 times more likely to frequent stores adhering to social distance guidelines
Researchers found NYC residents are 4 times more likely to frequent stores with 6 feet of distancing. The study also revealed a preference for stores with mask-wearing, although this may change in future studies.