A new study published in Pediatrics concludes that children infrequently transmit Covid-19 to each other or adults. With appropriate social distancing measures and community transmission rates considered, many schools can safely reopen in the fall.
Zhi Tian will receive funding to develop communication-efficient approaches for collaborative learning from private data in big data computing. Her goal is to minimize overall runtime, communication costs and total samples used.
Kelly Schrum, Jessica Otis and Nate Sleeter will use the funding to support doctoral students and early-career researchers in world history scholarship. The grant aims to develop a high-quality, peer-reviewed Open Educational Resource (OER) for teachers, scholars and students.
A research team at the University of Warwick has developed a single-pixel terahertz imaging technology that reaches 100 times faster acquisition than the previous state-of-the-art. This breakthrough enables potential use in biomedical and industrial applications, including non-invasive security and medical screening.
Researchers from Osaka University found that adiponectin, a fat cell hormone, improves the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell-based treatment for heart failure. The study showed that increasing adiponectin levels strengthens cardiac function following MSC therapy.
Australian experts warn of a surge in chronic liver disease due to alcohol misuse and obesity-related liver disease. The number of cases has increased three-fold over the past 10-15 years, with over 6 million Australians affected.
A new study found that Michigan's Medicaid expansion program significantly improved health outcomes for the most vulnerable residents, including those with extremely low incomes and chronic health conditions. The program also saw improvements in health among participants of all ages, backgrounds, and geographic regions.
Researchers at Medical University of South Carolina found that the brain uses similar visual areas for mental imagery and vision, but with less precision. This study has potential applications for understanding PTSD and other mental health disorders affecting mental imagery.
Researchers have identified a new biomarker, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), associated with cognitive decline in old age. The study found that ADMA levels were linked to decline in cognitive performance assessments after four years.
A large study found increased risk of heart disease, chronic liver and kidney disease, and physical function impairment in people with HIV. The study aims to develop effective prevention strategies and guidelines for cardiovascular risk management in this population.
The 'Mountaineer Mathematics Master Teachers' project aims to improve math outcomes in West Virginia by supporting 40 secondary math teachers as master teaching fellows. The project will research the impacts of teacher retention, leader development, and student achievement in mathematics.
The report aims to clear an ethical pathway forward for research on HIV and co-infections in pregnant women. It provides 12 concrete recommendations to promote the study of pregnant women's own health needs, enhance post-approval safety evaluations, and contextualize risk findings.
Tropical Storm Cristina has become better organized with a curved band around the center and ragged eye visible in satellite images. Cloud top temperatures as cold as minus 70 degrees Fahrenheit indicate strong storms with the potential to generate heavy rainfall, and maximum sustained winds near 70 mph.
Researchers find that manipulating magnesium intake can improve photosynthetic efficiency and growth in rice plants. By understanding the daily pattern of magnesium uptake, scientists may be able to develop new strategies for improving crop yields and addressing global food shortages.
Researchers found that shared values are insufficient for mutual trust between stakeholders; beliefs and emotions play a stronger role. Improved awareness of each other's views and emotions can benefit collaboration and find solutions to the conflict.
A researcher at the University of Oklahoma is using a $1.3 million grant to study why women with irritable bowel syndrome experience more severe abdominal pain than men under stress. Her goal is to identify epigenetic changes in specific brain nuclei that make females more vulnerable to abdominal pain.
A survey of 604 UK participants found that over 80% experienced changes to their perception of time during the lockdown, with slower passage associated with older age and reduced social satisfaction. The study suggests that significant changes to daily routine can distort our perception of time.
A new simplified protocol for treating acute malnutrition in young children shows similar recovery rates as the standard approach but is more cost-effective. The streamlined protocol resulted in $123 less per child recovered and reduced ready-to-use food required, providing a potential solution to addressing the issue of nearly 50 mill...
UQ researchers have solved a 50-year-old enzyme mystery, revealing the complete structure of an essential amino acid synthesizing enzyme. This discovery could lead to the development of new herbicides and antimicrobial agents, potentially restoring effective treatment options for infections such as tuberculosis and invasive Candida.
A study published in Annals of the American Thoracic Society found that Black individuals were twice as likely to test positive for COVID-19. The average age of infected participants was 52 years old, compared to 45 years old for those who tested negative.
A new study highlights the need for further assessment of ecological impacts from deep-sea mining, which could harm vast midwater ecosystems and affect fisheries, carbon sequestration, and biodiversity. The International Seabed Authority must consider midwater research efforts to minimize environmental harm.
Researchers at DGIST developed a novel dual-resonant method to maximize photon conversion in 2D materials. The method achieves a significant boost in signal intensity and frequency doubling, with potential applications in advanced photonic devices and cheaper diagnostic methods.
Psychologists at University of Münster developed a model of psychological factors that hinder or aid refugee integration. The PARI model considers both refugees' subjective experiences and host society's reactions to migration.
Researchers analyzed hundreds of thousands of Instagram posts about vaping and found that 40% were promoting flavored e-liquids to young audiences. The study highlights the need for stricter laws and regulations on social media advertising targeting younger users.
A recent study published in Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry found that parental smartphone use is rarely associated with poor parenting. In fact, at low levels of displacing family time, more smartphone use was linked to better parenting.
Alaska's chinook salmon populations are declining due to climate-driven changes in their freshwater habitats. Productivity decreased when stream temperatures rose above 64 degrees Fahrenheit, and heavy rains led to lower spawn production.
A global system is proposed to monitor wildlife pathogens and prevent zoonotic disease outbreaks. Decentralized surveillance using portable molecular diagnostic technology could identify emerging diseases before they become global health crises.
Researchers at the University of Alabama at Birmingham have identified a complex gene program that regulates brain changes in response to cocaine. By using single-nucleus RNA sequencing approaches, they found that only a small fraction of neurons in the nucleus accumbens were transcriptionally responsive to cocaine administration.
Researchers at Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science revealed a novel mechanism by which OPTN and ATG9A induce mitophagy, accelerating the autophagic degradation of damaged mitochondria. This interaction is crucial for PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in Parkinson's disease.
Researchers developed a new strategy to boost photocatalytic CO2 reduction by improving photosensitization ability of Ru-based PSs. The study found that adjusting excited state population and lifetime can significantly enhance sensitizing ability, with Ru-3 showing over 17 times higher sensitizing ability than typical Ru-1.
Researchers characterised the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in high resolution and compared it to a bat coronavirus. The study found significant differences at receptor-binding sites, making the SARS-CoV-2 spike more stable and bind to human cells around 1,000 times tighter.
A new study from Ohio State University finds that food's molecular size and movement on the tongue influence how quickly we perceive taste. The researchers modeled flavor flow over papillae to understand why some tastes register faster than others.
A mouse study found that early exposure to vaccine- or microbiota-derived antigens significantly affects antibody diversity in adults. B-1 B cells, a subset of immune cells, were found to have diverse antibody responses in mice with normal gut microbiota versus those grown in sterile germ-free conditions.
A study found that heavy rainfall can lead to massive fish kills in lakes suffering from oxygen depletion, triggered by labile organic matter. Researchers released breeding stock to help recover lake Filsø's pike population, which has never fully recovered after the event.
Researchers at Queen Mary University of London discovered a naturally suppressive gene that prevents Alzheimer's Disease in brain cells, leading to the development of a rapid drug-screening system. The system demonstrates proof-of-principle for early preventative-drug testing and identifies a potential biomarker for risk assessment.
A new study reveals that the last remaining agro-steppe habitats for endangered bird species in Europe may decline by up to 50% in the next century. The Natura 2000 network, a biodiversity conservation strategy, has failed to prevent habitat loss despite protecting approximately 36,000 hectares of agro-steppe area in Iberia.
A study found that exercising mice secretes a liver protein called Gpld1 into the blood, which correlates closely with improved cognitive function. Researchers believe this protein could be used to develop drugs that mimic the brain benefits of exercise, offering new hope for individuals unable to exercise due to physical limitations.
The article provides recommendations for education researchers to support education and public health institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors suggest that researchers can provide research support to medical fields, synthesize and translate research for educational leaders, and develop timely professional development oppo...
Researchers have discovered ancient volcanic activity and subtle, unusual movements in the Earth's surface in the Eifel region of Germany, suggesting a greater risk to northwestern Europe. The study suggests that the region is an active volcanic system with significant seismic activity.
West Virginia University is spearheading a $10 million project to develop a perennial multi-feedstock production system for sustainable energy and products. The Mid-Atlantic Sustainable Biomass for Value-Added Products Consortium will leverage research, education, and extension strategies to increase biomass utilization in the region.
A new influenza-monitoring system reveals critical biases in US disease surveillance, particularly among lower socioeconomic neighborhoods. The study suggests that these disparities are linked to reduced access to healthcare and increase the risk of hospitalization for flu-related complications.
A survey study analyzed the mental state and ocular surface state of ophthalmologists and ophthalmic nurses during the COVID-19 outbreak in China. The results revealed high stress levels among healthcare professionals, which negatively impacted their ocular surface health.
Researchers argue that international tests like PISA have forced schools to adopt narrow curricula and pedagogies, leading to a lack of scientific literacy. The study calls for a shift towards more inclusive and engaging science education, with a focus on the environment and health.
A ground-breaking clinical trial is underway at Sheba Medical Center in Israel to evaluate the Immunicom LW-02 plasma filtration device as a monotherapy and in combination with an anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor. The trial aims to treat resistant metastatic melanoma, triple-negative breast cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and non-sm...
A new MED-EL Synchrony cochlear implant design allows children to undergo MRI scans safely and comfortably, reducing the need for sedation or anesthesia. The innovative device eliminates the need for surgical removal of the magnet or a head wrap, increasing accessibility to critical diagnostic tools.
The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a significant economic impact, with global consumption losses exceeding $3.8 trillion and 147 million full-time equivalent job losses. The travel sector was most directly affected, with cascading multiplier effects across the entire world economy.
Researchers found that sorghum performed better under drought conditions, producing more biomass with less water. Mixed with supplements, sorghum can achieve desirable feed quality and increase profitability without sacrificing nutrition.
Researchers from Bentley University explored a new approach to triage practices at homeless shelters, demonstrating the need for customizing work processes. The study employed an emerging technique called CMMN, which shows promise in supporting humanitarian settings.
Researchers recommend a decentralized disease surveillance system to monitor pathogens in wildlife and humans, expanding beyond human disease outbreaks to encompass broader understanding of pathogens. The network aims to provide early warnings of spillover potential and assist in containment and development of therapeutic treatments.
Researchers at INRS have successfully tested an advanced electro-oxidation process, which uses electric current to break down non-biodegradable pollutants in treated domestic wastewater. The process generates hydroxide radicals that attack refractory molecules without requiring chemicals, reducing the cost of treatment.
A study found that recent episodes of intimate partner violence and history of childhood abuse worsen trauma symptoms such as anxiety, depression, self-harm, and sleep disorders in new mothers. Postnatal medical screenings may help identify signs of abuse and provide an opportunity for intervention.
A study published in Circulation reveals that FoxO1 plays a crucial role in regulating abnormal heart growth, a condition characterized by cardiac hypertrophy. The research suggests that targeting FoxO1 could lead to the development of novel therapies for cardiac hypertrophy.
Researchers at CU School of Medicine identified microglia's essential role in regulating myelination, a process forming connections between neurons and glial cells. This finding may lead to improved understanding of potential causes for neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases.
Researchers traced plant mitochondrial genomes' stability to the MSH1 gene, which exists in plants but not animals. Disrupting this gene led to increased mutations in Arabidopsis thaliana, suggesting its role in error correction machinery.
Researchers found that music from this period connects individuals to significant people and places in their identity. Half of all musical choices made by Desert Island Discs guests were from this age range, which was previously known as the 'reminiscence bump'.
A combined study of 13 research studies with nearly 50,000 participants found a significant association between major food sources of fructose-containing sugars and the risk of metabolic syndrome. The study suggests that limiting consumption of sucrose and high-fructose corn syrup may help prevent or manage metabolic syndrome.
Scientists discovered that Staphylococcus epidermidis interacts with the immune system to promote wound healing and prevent inflammation. The study's findings may lead to therapies for conditions like atopic dermatitis and inflammatory bowel diseases, affecting millions worldwide.
Researchers found that curli amyloid produced by Salmonella bacteria triggers autoimmune reactions in mice, leading to reactive arthritis. The study suggests that curli proteins may play a role in other autoimmune diseases and neurodegenerative processes.
A recent study from the Institute of Atmospheric Physics found that lightning activity and charge structure varied before and after a severe hailfall. The research suggests that lightning data can serve as an indicator for hazardous weather phenomena and improve short-term forecasting.
Researchers discovered precise cell-to-cell contact areas required for invariant embryonic cell lineages, suggesting a range of cell signaling events limits reproducibility during development. Ascidian embryos maintain highly regimented cell-fate from early developmental stages to later stages, even between distantly related species.