Yang Gao's lab has received a $1.9 million NIH grant to investigate the mechanisms of proteins that produce copies of genomic DNA, with potential implications for cancer treatment. The research aims to understand how DNA replication and repair processes can be targeted to develop new therapies.
Researchers observed ghost polaritons in calcite crystals, enabling superior control of infrared nano-light for various applications. The discovery features highly collimated propagation properties and record-long distance propagation at room temperature.
A large clinical trial has identified empagliflozin as a treatment option for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, reducing risk of hospitalization or death by 21 percent. The drug also showed fewer symptoms and mild side effects.
A supercomputer simulation reveals that interstellar frontal collisions lead to the maturation of young galaxies. The study shows how these chaotic galaxies eventually form stable spiral galaxies with similar populations of stars as the Milky Way.
The new guidelines provide comprehensive guidance on diagnosing and treating acute and chronic heart failure. Key findings include improved survival rates with drug treatments, increased exercise benefits, and vaccination recommendations for patients at risk of infections.
Researchers at the University of Cincinnati have identified a new species of mosasaur, Ectenosaurus everhartorum, which lived 80 million years ago in western Kansas. The discovery marks only the second species in the genus Ectenosaurus and highlights the importance of continued research in the field.
Researchers from St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University LETI propose a novel approach to cancer treatment using magnetic nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery. The method aims to minimize cytostatics' toxic effects on healthy tissues while maximizing accumulation in tumor tissue.
Researchers developed a novel electrocatalyst by doping Cu with Ru, achieving higher Faradaic efficiency and yield rate for ammonia synthesis from nitric oxide. The optimized catalyst reduces reaction energy and desorption energy of ammonia, enabling efficient NO-to-NH3 conversion.
The loss of threatened vertebrates may lead to varying consequences across different regions, with some losing up to 30% functional diversity. Unique species traits can make their loss more impactful, necessitating tailored conservation strategies for each biome.
Researchers from Tohoku University uncovered possible photosynthetic activity during the Marinoan glaciation, a period of extreme cold in Earth's history. The study suggests that bacteria and early eukaryotes experienced low productivity before the Ediacaran period, when complex multicellular life emerged.
A WVU-led research team will test the potential of geothermal energy by drilling three miles into the ground. The project aims to reduce carbon footprint and decrease energy costs for the university, with potential implications for industries across West Virginia.
This study characterizes the aging-associated miRNA profile in murine cardiac fibroblasts, revealing a significant decrease in miRNAs generated by the Meg3-Mirg locus. The findings suggest that this repression is a common feature of aging across multiple organs, highlighting the robustness of miRNA modulation during this process.
Scientists have found that misfolded tau protein accumulates RNA tags called N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) in nerve cells, leading to neurodegeneration. Inhibiting this RNA-tagging pathway shows promise as a potential approach to treat Alzheimer's disease.
A new study finds that U.S. residents have difficulty understanding terms frequently used by scientists to describe climate change, such as 'mitigation' and 'tipping point.' Participants suggested simpler language alternatives, highlighting the need for more accessible communication.
Scientists at Tokyo University of Science develop a new methodology to investigate the elusive electric double layer (EDL) effect in all-solid-state batteries. The study reveals that the EDL effect is dominated by the electrolyte's composition and can be suppressed through charge compensation, leading to improved performance.
Researchers at Temple University's Lewis Katz School of Medicine have been awarded a prestigious grant from the National Institutes of Health to develop novel treatments for individuals living with HIV using CRISPR technology. The $4.8M grant will fund four major research laboratories working towards eliminating HIV DNA from infected c...
A new study simulates global warming at unprecedented resolution, revealing that increasing CO2 concentrations will weaken the intensity of the ENSO temperature cycle. This could lead to fewer El Niño and La Niña events, with potential implications for rainfall extremes.
The 2021 Europlanet Science Congress (EPSC2021) will feature a full spectrum of planetary science and technology across 43 sessions. More than 840 oral and poster presentations have been submitted by planetary scientists from around the world.
A small study of 27 children aged 12-15 with neurological conditions found the Pfizer jab's side effects were mild to moderate and cleared up within a week. The vaccination was taken by parents who believed their children were at high risk of COVID-19 disease, highlighting its benefits in vulnerable groups.
A large study of over 825,000 individuals has identified new genetic risk factors for osteoarthritis and pinpointed potential drug targets. The research also found specific genetic changes that underpin the risk for all forms of osteoarthritis.
Research highlights six core pillars of learning: active, engaged, meaningful, socially interactive, iterative, and joyful. Experts offer practical advice on transforming everyday spaces into playful learning environments that support children's growth.
A study of over 13,000 people found that exposure to air pollution is associated with increased use of mental health services among those with psychotic and mood disorders. Initiatives to lessen air pollution could improve outcomes for these individuals and reduce healthcare costs.
A Kaiser Permanente study found strong adherence to HIV-prevention drug therapy soon after prescription, but inconsistent use among vulnerable groups. The study suggests that targeted strategies are needed to support the effective use of PrEP in high-risk populations.
A new study by researchers at the University of Georgia found that symptomatic COVID-19 patients are more contagious than asymptomatic cases. The study identified a high-risk transmission window between two days before and three days after symptom onset, supporting interventions like contact tracing and masking.
Recent studies on COVID-19 have revealed that many respiratory pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2, can spread through virus-laden microscopic respiratory aerosols. Improved ventilation, air filtration, and personal face mask design are among the strategies highlighted to mitigate aerosol transmission
Researchers have developed a dye-free method to visualize blood flow in the brain, allowing for detailed mapping of small capillaries and assessing blood flow rates. The technique has potential applications in understanding cardiovascular diseases, tumor growth, and targeted drug delivery.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet successfully deployed drones to deliver defibrillators to patients with suspected cardiac arrests, with the drones arriving on target ahead of ambulances in most cases. The pilot study showed a median response time benefit of 1 minute and 52 seconds, improving survival rates.
Co-authors James Salzman, Andrew Plantinga, and Christopher Costello propose changing the 'use it or lose it' stipulation in public resource laws. This would allow non-extractive interests to compete with traditional extractive interests in bidding for licenses and permits, potentially increasing biodiversity and ecosystem services.
A recent study found that fine particle pollution, specifically PM2.5, may contribute to the disproportionate number of African American women affected by dementia. Despite adjusting for various risk factors, Black women still had double the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease compared to white women.
A team of scientists has reported a technique that provides the most detailed picture of kidney stone components yet. The researchers used a novel method to analyze kidney stones, revealing the distribution of three different proteins and their role in crystal growth.
A new study examines the use of terminology in forensic anthropology, finding that research often fails to critically address racial and social constructs. The study suggests that using alternative terms like 'ancestry' can help reduce the perpetuation of white supremacy and biomedical claims based on biological differences.
A study estimates that 103 million Americans had COVID-19 by the end of 2020, accounting for 31% of the population. Undocumented cases accounted for three-quarters of infections, which were often mild or asymptomatic.
Georgia State University researcher Vince Calhoun has received a $3.5 million grant to develop new methods for capturing dynamic connectivity in the brain and identifying biomarkers for early detection of Alzheimer's disease. The researchers aim to analyze real-time connectivity patterns to predict future cognitive decline.
A study of 14,000 families found that those caring for children with chronic health conditions lost an average of $18,000 per year in household income. Foregone family employment was reported by nearly 15% of families and was more common among younger caregivers and those living in poverty.
A new study by OHSU researchers found that blood serum from vaccinated or infected individuals shows significantly reduced defense against two widely circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants. The findings emphasize the importance of vaccinations combined with maintaining public health measures to cut off the spread of the virus.
Researchers at UNC Chapel Hill engineered ultra-potent antibodies that effectively trapped and blocked over 99.9% of human sperm during animal testing. The promising results suggest an alternative non-hormonal option to prevent pregnancy may be available.
Researchers found that certain peptides associated with migraine pain can regulate insulin production in mice, potentially preventing type 2 diabetes. The study suggests that these peptides could be developed into therapeutic strategies to control blood sugar levels, while minimizing the risk of migraines.
Researchers at UCLA have developed a computational technique powered by artificial intelligence that transforms images of tissue previously stained with H&E into new ones with added special stains. The process takes less than one minute per tissue sample, significantly improving diagnoses in medical conditions such as organ transpl...
A new machine learning method called ARES significantly improves the computational prediction of RNA structures, outperforming other approaches in a community-wide challenge. ARES learned to make predictions based solely on atomic structure and accurately predicted complex RNAs larger than those it was trained on.
Researchers at IBS developed a novel composite material consisting of metal nanowires within an ultrathin rubber film. The float assembly method creates a monolayer of nanowires in the rubber film, resulting in excellent physical properties such as high stretchability and metal-like conductivity.
A new study published in American Political Science Review finds that those prone to hostility in offline discussions are also hostile online. The researchers suggest that increasing the visibility of aggressive behavior online can exacerbate online hostility, rather than removing it through education or moderation.
A portable optical sensor system could diagnose traumatic brain injury severity in the field from a single drop of blood, potentially reducing costs and improving treatment outcomes
A study published in Scientific Reports suggests that between 10.3% and 82% of the global ocean may experience new climates with higher temperatures and lower aragonite saturation by 2100. The disappearance of these climates could force marine species to adapt rapidly or disappear.
Researchers developed MOGONET, a novel multi-omics data analysis algorithm that integrates genomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and transcriptomic data to provide a holistic view of biological processes underlying human diseases. The framework outperforms existing methods in analyzing disease biomarkers and predicting patient outcomes.
A team of researchers from the University of Science and Technology of China developed a super-elastic porous carbon material called 'carbon spring' with both high compressibility and stretchability. This unique microstructure enables reversible tensile and compressive deformation, similar to a real metallic spring.
Researchers from Pusan University developed a super-stretchable, deformable, and durable material for 'super-flexible' alternating current electroluminescent devices. The material was successfully applied in devices that functioned with up to 1200% elongation, displaying stable luminescence over 1000 cycles.
Researchers found that tailored mobile messaging reduced waterpipe tobacco smoking in young adults by 49% after six weeks. The intervention, which included personalized messages and visual cues, was more effective than an untailored message for reducing frequency of use.
Researchers created Community ASAP to help locate missing people with dementia, engaging community citizens as volunteers. The app aims to address the lack of alerts for this population, which has a high risk of wandering and experiencing serious injury or death within 24 hours.
Researchers from University of Surrey and Cambridge have identified promising semiconducting materials for next-generation LED-based data communications. These organic semiconductors, colloidal quantum dots, and metal halide perovskites show potential for low-power and cost-effective solutions.
A new study from the University of California, Santa Cruz, develops a comprehensive framework to determine when short-term changes in behavior caused by human activities have biological significance. The framework highlights the importance of life history traits and specific characteristics of disturbances in assessing vulnerability.
A new AI tool called IceNet has been developed to predict Arctic sea ice conditions with high accuracy. The system is almost 95% accurate in forecasting sea ice presence two months ahead, addressing the challenge of predicting Arctic sea ice forecasts for decades.
A Northwestern University study found that people become less sensitive to food odors after eating a meal, making it harder to choose healthier options. The research suggests an evolutionary benefit to this feedback loop, potentially improving nutrient intake and reducing disordered eating.
Researchers from the Institute of Atmospheric Physics found that tropical Pacific decadal variability and Atlantic multidecadal variability drive Central Asian precipitation changes. Warmer SSTs in these regions favor wetter conditions, especially in southern and northern parts of Central Asia.
Scientists created a reliable true random number generator using atomically thin two-dimensional films, overcoming long-term stability issues and power consumption concerns. The innovation uses memristors to produce fluctuating electronic signals with an exceptionally high degree of randomness.
A Phase 2 trial found that combining cisplatin, gemcitabine, and berzosertib did not prolong progression-free survival in patients with urothelial cancer. The study suggests that berzosertib may have a negative impact on bone marrow, leading to reduced white blood cells and platelets.
Berkeley Lab researchers developed a method to increase the efficiency of LED devices by applying mechanical strain to thin semiconductor films. This approach reduces exciton annihilation, allowing for high-performance LEDs even at high brightness levels.
Researchers discovered that cytokine APRIL protects against atherosclerosis by binding to proteoglycans in arteries, reducing plaque formation. High levels of non-canonical APRIL (nc-APRIL) in human blood predict risk of cardiovascular death.
The team used machine learning technique generative adversarial networks to digitally remove clouds from aerial images, generating accurate datasets of building image masks. This work may help automate computer vision jobs critical to civil engineering, enabling the detection of buildings in areas without labeled training data.
A study developed an HVAC system with HEPA filters, reducing particulate matter removal time in classrooms. The system's optimized airflow control enables efficient PM removal and maintains even indoor air distribution.
Scientists from the University of Melbourne and MIT have discovered a simple mechanical tube method to measure nanoparticle mass and size simultaneously. This breakthrough enables the simultaneous measurement of these properties, which is crucial for various applications such as drug delivery and nano-optics.