Researchers identified two major steps in the evolution of human bipedality, involving a shift in the growth plate and changes in bone formation. These genetic shifts, driven by genes such as SOX9 and PTH1R, fundamentally altered the pelvis geometry, enabling humans to walk upright.
The study found a significant association between higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and increased risks of nonmelanoma skin cancer, melanoma, and other skin cancers. Risks were highest in males, older adults, and individuals with obesity.
Preliminary findings suggest that neuroimaging and mobile sensing can identify neural and behavioral markers of bipolar disorder and mood recurrence. Dr. Danella Hafeman's research uses fMRI and mobile sensing to detect early indicators of depressive and manic symptoms.
Researchers found that local climate heating caused by tropical deforestation is associated with 28,000 heat-related deaths each year, affecting over 48 million people in Indonesia, DRC, and Brazil. Deforestation eliminates trees that regulate the climate, leading to increased temperatures and greenhouse gas concentrations.
Researchers achieved a significant reduction in aerodynamic drag by optimizing multiple train components, including nose shape and pantograph design. The study found that simultaneously enhancing these components can deliver notable improvements and even certain bogie fairing configurations might offer advantages over traditional designs.
Researchers developed a multi-analyte test that accurately identifies brain cancers using small samples of cerebrospinal fluid, offering a promising new tool for guiding clinical decision-making. The test combines multiple biological markers and demonstrates high sensitivity and specificity in detecting central nervous system cancers.
A new study suggests that the 'unhappiness hump' has disappeared globally, with declining mental health among younger people being a key factor. This shift is in contrast to past trends, where mental ill-being typically peaked in midlife and declined with age.
Researchers identify unhealthy lifestyle habits, hormonal imbalances, and chronic inflammation as key contributors to skin aging and disease. Maintaining a balanced diet rich in fiber, phytochemicals, and specific probiotics may promote overall well-being and enhance skin health.
A new study found that treatment of heart failure patients with GLP-1 receptor agonists reduces hospitalizations, calorie intake, and greenhouse gas emissions. The study estimates a potential annual CO2-equivalent saving of over 2 billion kilograms, equivalent to 20,000 Boeing 747 flights.
The global market for AI in pharmaceuticals is projected to reach $13.4 billion by 2035, driven by Insilico Medicine's innovative use of generative AI. The company will share its achievements at a satellite forum during BIOHK2025, showcasing significant efficiency boosts compared to traditional methods.
Researchers from Shinshu University have developed a unique fiber-based pressure sensor that can detect small changes in pressure, enabling fine-tuned tactile sensing. The fibers exhibit a multi-wall structure that increases resistance when compressed, making them ideal for applications such as soft robotics and wearable devices.
A new study finds that only 91 four-year colleges in the US effectively serve low-income students, leaving many states without institutions meeting the criteria. States like California and Florida have strong access to these 'Equity Engines,' while others struggle to support low-income student success.
Researchers at USF and FAU have uncovered direct genomic evidence of the bacterium behind the Plague of Justinian, providing long-sought definitive proof that Yersinia pestis was present within the Byzantine Empire. The discovery offers new insight into one of the most consequential episodes in human history.
A team from UNIGE and INGV created a high-resolution 3D image of Vulcano's internal structure using seismic ambient noise tomography and AI. This breakthrough understanding of volcanic structures may lead to more accurate predictions and evacuation plans.
A new study led by UCLA researchers found that many patients with advanced cancer feel their treatment does not align with their personal care goals. The study reveals a significant disparity in care preferences between patients with advanced cancer and those with other serious illnesses, suggesting a need for improved communication an...
A new study of young adults found that better sleep quality is strongly linked to improved mental wellbeing, with fruit and vegetable consumption and physical activity also showing benefits. The study suggests that boosting fruit and vegetable intake may help mitigate the effects of poor sleep on wellbeing.
A new study introduces an optical imaging technique that uses autofluorescence to detect colorectal cancer in real time, offering a promising tool for improving cancer detection during endoscopic procedures. The technique achieved high accuracy rates and the potential to guide doctors during colonoscopy or surgery.
A new UCLA-led study finds that government housing assistance reduces the risk of medical bill stress by nearly seven percentage points among US renters with cancer, leading to improved quality of life and reduced poor physical and mental health outcomes.
Researchers have developed 'molecular scissors' that can precisely and permanently disable the hepatitis B virus's hidden genetic material. The treatment has shown promising results in laboratory tests and HBV-infected mice, with a 99% reduction in circulating viral DNA. This innovation represents a significant step towards a functiona...
A new study found that automatic chest compression devices can effectively perform CPR on a floating manikin, reaching depths of up to 53mm. This finding contradicts current NASA emergency protocols and suggests space agencies may need to reconsider their guidelines for treating cardiac arrest in space.
A new intervention, HABIT, shows promising results in improving the quality of life for adolescents with sickle cell disease by increasing hydroxyurea uptake and reducing pain and hospitalizations. However, effects were not sustained at the end of the trial, highlighting the need for further research to develop more effective methods.
Research findings suggest intrusive distracting thoughts associated with anxiety and lower well-being. The study also revealed that these thoughts occur more often when individuals are alone compared to being in company.
New research reveals that many protoplanetary discs are subtly warped, challenging the textbook picture of flat discs. These small warps can naturally explain large-scale patterns observed in gas motion and may be responsible for creating spiral patterns and temperature variations within cosmic nurseries.
A cross-sectional study found that the bivalent HPV vaccine induces sustained immunity in Bangladeshi adolescent girls, with significant associations between HPV16/18 seropositivity and age, grade level, and household income. The overall seroprevalence was high, with 72.8% for HPV16 and 82.4% for HPV18.
A recent study uncovered the mechanism of action of PspA, a protective protein that actively reshapes cell membranes without requiring any external energy. The findings shed light on a fundamental biological repair process and may have potential biotechnological applications.
A study by Mass General Brigham researchers found that the law significantly reduced out-of-pocket costs, but high burden medical spending remained unchanged. The findings suggest that additional policy efforts are needed to reduce healthcare-related financial burden, particularly among socioeconomically disadvantaged populations.
Researchers discovered a new enzyme, PNGaseL, with broader specificity than existing alternatives. It can target glycans from mammalian, insect, and plant-derived proteins, expanding its utility in glycobiological settings. The study was published in The Royal Society Open Science journal.
Robotics experts disagree with claims that humanoid robots will surpass human capabilities in surgery, factory work, and serving as personal butlers. The main limitation is dexterity, making tasks like picking up objects difficult for current robot technology.
A new WSU study found that local communities were not overwhelmed by COVID-19 cases linked to returning students. The study suggests mitigation efforts like testing and social distancing limited the spread of the virus.
Researchers at UCL successfully chemically linked amino acids to RNA under conditions that could have occurred on early Earth, a significant step towards understanding the origin of protein synthesis. The study demonstrates how RNA might have first come to control protein synthesis.
A new study by the University of Surrey found that schools struggle to address sexual harm due to narrow definitions and institutional constraints. The research proposes a 'both/and' approach combining swift responses with long-term cultural change to build environments where harmful behaviors are less likely to occur.
Researchers at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia found that certain lipids in obesity-causing foods cause asthma-like lung inflammation. The study suggests that modifying dietary choices and repurposing existing drugs could help treat this type of asthma, which is more likely to send patients to the hospital.
The Global Virus Network has selected five early-career virologists for its Rising Star Mentorship Program, a two-year initiative that provides personalized mentorship and financial support. The awardees will focus on addressing the global shortage of virologists, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
Researchers found that differences in tectonic plate thickness explain the extensive volcanism. Thinner lithosphere funneled hot plume material, causing uplift and volcanic activity. The study sheds light on global significance of the Iceland Plume.
A new study from the University of Illinois examines whether teacher training programs and reading camps can improve literacy levels in rural Mozambique. The research found that light-touch training had little effect on overall literacy scores, but showed a small positive impact for lower-scoring children.
Researchers at Wayne State University are developing an ultra-rapid insulin designed to mimic the human pancreas, aiming to improve glycemic control and reduce disease management burden. The project has the potential to create fully automated systems, enabling patients to manage their condition with fewer interruptions.
A new study published in Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology shows that AI analysis can accurately identify mucosal ulceration as well as human reviewers, providing a more objective and reproducible assessment of Crohn's disease. The findings have potential implications for education, drug development, and automated care.
Research reveals a major shift in South Pacific climate conditions around 1,000 years ago, prompting people to settle further east and move away from drier conditions. The climate shift saw western areas become progressively drier while eastern areas became wetter and more attractive for colonization.
Researchers at POSTECH and Korea Brain Research Institute unveil NeuO's mechanism of selective neuron staining through PAK6 kinase phosphorylation. This breakthrough opens path for precise tracking and study of living neurons in brain.
A recent study has found that 43.9% of Black women with disabilities are pursuing self-employment as a viable career option. This group is more likely to have a graduate degree and earn higher incomes compared to their non-disabled counterparts.
Genomic analysis reveals amblyopsid species lost vision between 2.25 and 11.3 million years ago, allowing researchers to estimate minimum age of caves. The study provides a unique method for dating underground ecosystems and may hold implications for human eye diseases.
A new UN report reveals that global agricultural trade affects water access, alleviating water scarcity for high-income populations while intensifying shortages for low-income communities. The report calls for measures to address outstanding water inequity issues resulting from international food trades.
Researchers found that AUF1 helps prevent aging by breaking down enzymes involved in glucose metabolism. The study's findings improve our understanding of how metabolism affects the aging process.
Albino cane toads created using CRISPR technology reveal that albinism affects survival and hunting abilities, with poor eyesight being the core problem. In controlled environments, albino tadpoles were less likely to survive and developed faster when competing with pigmented siblings for food and space.
Treatment with exagamglogene autotemcel (exa-cel) leads to clinically meaningful improvements in overall quality of life for patients with severe sickle cell disease and transfusion-dependent beta thalassemia. Patients experience substantial improvements in physical, social, functional, and emotional well-being, with sustained benefits...
Researchers discovered mutations in the SPNS1 gene disrupt cellular recycling, leading to progressive liver and muscle damage. The study offers fresh hope for treatment and sheds light on the importance of phospholipid recycling in maintaining energy balance.
Researchers from Seoul National University of Science & Technology developed a smart adhesive system based on starfish for temporary and switchable underwater adhesion. The system exhibits high adhesion hysteresis, automatic release based on outside stimuli, and quick detachment by pneumatic actuation.
A study by JGU researchers finds that indirect interactions between species can profoundly influence each other's evolution. The research demonstrated that land-based aphids influenced the evolution of aquatic Daphnia crustaceans, highlighting a crucial evolutionary mechanism.
A 12-week online program has been shown to be effective in treating bulimia nervosa, with a significant reduction in binge eating and compensatory behaviors. The study found that guided internet-based CBT can help people who struggle to access specialist care.
Researchers developed Sc3+-modified Mg-Al-Mn-Fe-O spinel ceramics that exhibit synergistic breakthroughs in microwave dielectric and thermosensitive properties. The ceramics display NTC thermistor behavior across an extended temperature range, with exceptional microwave dielectric performance.
Researchers used CRISPR gene editing to bring back a human lost gene that breaks down uric acid, a waste product causing gout and related health issues. The study showed promising results in lowering uric acid levels and preventing fat buildup in liver cells.
Researchers have discovered that gut bacteria can recognize diverse chemical signals, including those from nutrients, DNA, and other metabolites. This allows them to detect and respond to nutritional values, suggesting that finding sources of nutrients is a primary function of motility in these bacteria.
Researchers have visualized and manipulated electron emission from chiral molecules in real-time using attosecond pulses. This discovery opens a new avenue for studying chirality and its role in biology, chemistry, and the pharmaceutical industry.
A comprehensive study published in the Journal of Hepatology shows that healthy eating and increased physical activity significantly lower the risk of liver-related death, even among heavy and binge drinkers. The research analyzed data from over 60,000 US adults and found that adherence to high levels of physical activity and/or diet q...
A case series of 19 patients has successfully undergone partial heart transplant, enabling valve growth and representing a novel approach to congenital heart disease treatment. Careful follow-up and monitoring are crucial for the continued expansion of this procedure.
Researchers developed a roadmap for scalable, high-density storage that converts CO2 into grid-level energy. The review outlines ten years of progress and future directions, including dual-electrolyte architectures, AI-guided additive screening, and temperature-resilient designs.
A new AI-powered solution enables robots to navigate without a map by training them to evaluate visual richness and avoid collisions. The approach combines deep reinforcement learning with real-time feedback from RGB-D camera input and ORB-SLAM2, achieving improved navigation success rates in simulated tests.
Scientists have developed ingestible devices that deliver targeted light stimulation directly to the gut, allowing researchers to precisely illuminate specific nerve cells. This technology could reveal new targets for treating conditions like gastroparesis and metabolic diseases.
Professor Matt Rosseinsky, a leading researcher at the University of Liverpool, has been awarded the Royal Medal for his groundbreaking work in materials chemistry. His innovative approach uses artificial intelligence to design and discover new materials with unique properties.
Researchers mapped the surface envelope glycoprotein of human endogenous retroviruses, opening doors to new diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities. The study revealed specific antibodies that target the viral proteins, potentially leading to new cancer immunotherapies and treatments for autoimmune diseases.