A new $2.5M NSF grant will enable UNC scientists to conduct interdisciplinary studies and train researchers in comprehensive child development models. The study aims to capture the complexity of children's relationships with families, neighborhoods, cultures, and environments.
The Cultures of Consumption programme investigates growing significance of consumer issues in society. It examines the role of consumers, consumption patterns, and their impact on health, environment, family life, and civil society.
A study found that HIV-1 shedding in female genital secretions is common, with 57% of women having RNA present. High plasma RNA concentrations are the best predictor for risk of transmission. Women on antiretroviral therapy may still be at risk of transmitting the virus to their partners or babies.
A study published in The Lancet found that HIV-positive women can shed the virus in their genital tracts even when their blood levels are low, posing a risk of transmission to others. The researchers analyzed samples from 311 HIV-positive women and found that about a third had HIV-1 shedding in their genital region.
A study by UC Berkeley researchers found that a specific type of soy protein called lunasin can prevent the development of skin tumors in mice. The high dose group showed a 70% lower incidence of tumors compared to the control group, with fewer tumors per mouse and a two-week delay in appearance.
A new protein called Fbw7 has been found to control cyclin E levels in cells, which is associated with cancer progression. The study suggests that the absence of Fbw7 in breast cancer-derived cell cultures may indicate a tumor suppressor gene, suggesting its potential role in preventing malignant change.
Researchers found a way to prevent infectious malaria particles from bursting out of their protective sacs by blocking the activity of a protein-snipping enzyme called protease. This discovery suggests that protease inhibitors could be used to treat malaria infection and keep the infectious particles imprisoned until they deteriorate.
Researchers at Cornell University have developed a new imaging technique called ion microscopy, which offers high sensitivity for detecting isotopes of elements. This technique promises to open new avenues of cancer research by localizing anticancer drugs inside tumor cells.
A new Cornell University study reveals that residential crowding is harmful to people of all cultures, contradicting widely held beliefs. The research found no evidence that Asian Americans or Latin Americans can better withstand the adverse psychological consequences of living in crowded homes.
A new study reveals extraverts are more sensitive to rewards in social situations, which drives their sociability. This finding has been replicated across 39 countries and challenges the notion that sociability is a core feature of extraversion.
Researchers have discovered a protein called p110g that suppresses colorectal cancer growth in mice and human cell cultures. The absence of the protein leads to spontaneous development of colorectal cancer, while its presence stops tumour growth.
Physician and nurse education may not be sufficient to reduce antibiotic overuse; restriction and concurrent review shown to lead to sustained improvement.
A new DNA test developed by the University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute rapidly identifies Pfiesteria piscicida, a toxic marine microbe linked to fish kills and human illness. The test helps predict outbreaks and study the toxin's effects on immune cells in the brain.
Scientists will study the effects of space vacuum and solar radiation on four specially selected microbes, including one known to survive high temperatures. The experiment aims to test the theory that microbial life once came to Earth on a meteorite from another planet.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center have successfully used a heat-sensitive gene to slow down tumor growth in mice by 300-400 times over baseline. The gene therapy, which uses hyperthermia, also boosts the immune system's ability to fight cancer.
A team of scientists at UCSF has identified five proteins that trigger the immune system to attack cancer cells, marking them for swift destruction by NK cells. The discovery increases the number of known targets for drugs or vaccines to boost the immune system's natural cancer-fighting ability.
Researchers at the University of Minnesota have developed a new low-fat cheddar formulation that delivers several taste-enhancing compounds. The blend of three bacterial starter cultures reduces bitterness and adds clean, buttery notes, making it an attractive option for health-conscious cheese fanciers.
Researchers found that PKA signaling regulates both alcohol-seeking behavior and sensitivity to alcohol intoxication in mice. Mice with a mutation in the RIIb subunit of PKA drank nearly twice as much 20-percent alcohol solution, while recovering faster from sedative effects.
Researchers have discovered that synuclein plays a crucial role in communication between neurons, potentially shedding light on the mechanisms underlying Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. The study provides strong evidence that synucleins control the release of neurotransmitters from nerve cells.
Researchers found that oxidants are necessary for endothelial cell migration and wound healing after vascular injury. Oxidants stimulate the production of actin fibers, allowing cells to move towards injured sites.
Researchers at Virginia Tech have created a gel that allows women to control their fertility and reduce the risk of infection from HIV, yeast infections, and other STDs. The acylcarnitium analog, Z-15, has demonstrated in vitro effectiveness as a spermicide and inhibits multiple STDs.
A new study published in the American Heart Association finds that eating legumes, such as beans and peas, at least four times a week can lower the risk of heart disease by 19%. The study examined data from over 11,000 men and women and found that frequent bean-eaters had a 9% reduced risk for all forms of cardiovascular disease.
Researchers at UCSD School of Medicine have discovered a defensive molecular mechanism launched by the body to protect against oxygen deprivation on the heart. HIF and VEGF, two angiogenesis genes, are activated in response to ischemia or infarction, attempting to increase decreasing blood flow.
Researchers found that two-thirds of unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions were given to patients with negative throat cultures. Inaccurate diagnoses and lack of immediate diagnostic tools contribute to the problem. Experts blame current diagnostic methods and advocate for improved solutions.
Researchers at the University of Florida have identified a possible pathway to protect heart cells from damage caused by doxorubicin, an anti-cancer drug. By understanding how caspases trigger cell death, they may develop targeted treatments using anti-oxidants like vitamins E and C.
Researchers have discovered a way to harness nature's own tool, photosynthesis, to produce hydrogen gas from sunlight and water, offering a promising alternative fuel source.
A Cornell psychologist has challenged the idea of universal music experiences across cultures by finding a Western bias in the explanation. Research suggests that expectations play a crucial role in our emotional response to music, and that this may be specific to Western musical backgrounds. The study's findings have implications for ...
Researchers have developed an antitat gene therapy that blocks HIV replication in cells from infected patients, prolonging survival of immune system cells and potentially maintaining the virus in a dormant state. The approach combines genetic engineering and antisense technology, offering a promising new strategy for treating AIDS.
A team of UI researchers has advanced understanding of how gene therapy might effectively treat cystic fibrosis by addressing two fundamental problems: inefficient gene transfer and lack of gene persistence. They demonstrated efficient and lasting gene transfer into airway cells using a new vector from the retrovirus family, feline imm...
A study found that green tea extract increases thermogenesis and overall energy expenditure, promoting fat burning. The supplement's catechin polyphenols and caffeine content showed a synergistic interaction, which boosted metabolic rates.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have identified a key mechanism by which some viruses, including Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, can hide in human cells for extended periods. The study reveals that a protein called LANA binds to host chromosomes, allowing viral DNA to remain dormant until the immune system is weakened.
Researchers at Purdue University will study the three-dimensional structure of several types of viruses, including yellow fever and hepatitis C viruses, using a combination of X-ray crystallography and molecular biology techniques. The goal is to develop drugs that prevent infection by similar viral pathogens.
A new U-M study examines 11 college campuses' efforts to promote racial harmony and identifies areas for improvement. The study's findings highlight the importance of sustaining programs after grants expire, as communication barriers can persist without continued effort.
The University of Southern California has received a $12.8 million grant to establish a national center studying tobacco use and prevention among teen-agers from Pacific Rim cultures. Researchers will investigate how culture, immigration, and adaptation affect smoking habits and design effective ways to discourage smoking.
Researchers at UNC Health Care have identified a new way to halt herpes simplex virus reproduction by targeting its molecular tracks. The study found that inhibiting JNK protein kinase reduces viral yield in cells by up to 70%.
Researchers found aggressive cancer cells generate their own vascular networks, potentially changing how cancers are treated. The discovery may lead to new non-invasive imaging tests and targeted therapies.
Scientists have discovered that naturally occurring fatty acids can help prevent vascular inflammation, a key component in the development of atherosclerosis. The NIEHS-cloned gene produces an enzyme that makes these fatty acids, which can suppress inflammation and protect against heart disease.
A University of Colorado at Boulder researcher is developing an interactive computer program for Alaskan middle school students to interest them in science and show the relevance of science to native Alaskans' daily lives. The project includes interactive stories, hands-on laboratory work, and use of special reference libraries.
Sociologists analyzed daily rituals and activities to understand the mechanisms of biculturalism in Chinese Americans. They found that both older and newer generations retain their cultural heritage through practices like family gatherings, language classes, and cultural events.
Scientists at the University of Iowa have discovered a powerful tool to activate human dendritic cells, key players in the immune system, using CpG DNA. This breakthrough could lead to enhanced immunization and treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases.
Research suggests that stress can alter key biochemical markers in the body, weakening the immune response and increasing susceptibility to infections. Stress may also lessen vaccine effectiveness and confound studies of certain illnesses.
Researchers found that digital exams nearly doubled vaginal bacteria entering the cervix and uterus in 80% of patients. Potentially harmful bacteria like Group B Streptococcus and E. coli were isolated from cultures, posing a risk to newborns.
A new study published in the American Journal of Medicine finds that managed care insurance systems can standardize care, eliminate unnecessary tests, and minimize antibiotic resistance by implementing a single guideline for treating uncomplicated urinary tract infections. The study, which included over 3,800 women, showed that using a...
A team of scientists has found a critical interaction between two brain proteins that could help explain the death of nerve cells in Alzheimer's disease. The discovery reveals that normal APP provides a protective function against cell death, while mutant forms do not.
The Navajo Faith Healing Project examines traditional religious healing practices among the Navajo people, combining ceremonies, chants, and peyote rituals to treat physical and mental ailments. The study reveals a holistic approach to healthcare, integrating faith healing with Western medicine in some cases.
Researchers at UNC-CH have synthesized ginkgolide B, a compound isolated from the ginkgo tree, which has been used as herbal medicine for thousands of years. The successful synthesis may lead to new treatments for dementia, multiple sclerosis, and other illnesses.
Researchers found a new mechanism explaining how Alzheimer's disease damages the brain by producing hydrogen peroxide from oxygen, a toxic agent that can cause brain damage. The discovery provides a potential target for new drugs to treat Alzheimer's, which affects four million Americans.
Researchers at VistaGen use ES cells to identify drugs that might harm the liver, which could lead to safer pharmaceuticals. The company's scientists have already detected toxins in mouse ES cells and plan to repeat the experiment with human cells.
PhD researcher Jason Todd earned a patent for his research on a new, low-cost material for purifying proteins using chitosan beads. The technology has been licensed to LigoChem Inc., allowing them to purify antibodies at a lower cost.
Recent feminism has brought deeper changes to specific sciences like medicine, anthropology, archaeology, biology, physics, and mathematics. Medicine has seen increased funding for women's health, such as osteoporosis and heart disease research.
Deep-sea divers may benefit from bacterial supplements that reduce dissolved hydrogen in their blood, mitigating the risk of decompression sickness. Researchers have found that methane-producing microorganisms can help alleviate symptoms.
A two-month research trip to Antarctica led by Temple University biologist Robert W. Sanders aimed to study microorganisms and retrieve samples from the extreme environment. The National Science Foundation funded the work, which will contribute to understanding biology at the limits of life.
Researchers David Kirk and Stephen Miller have discovered a transposon gene, called Jordan, in the green alga Volvox. This gene helps them isolate genes of interest to understand their form and function, shedding light on cell reproduction and specialized cells. The study has implications for human gene therapy and cancer research.
The Illinois Program for Research in the Humanities' spring conference explores how globalization affects cultural relations, identities, and belonging. Experts will discuss topics like diaspora, area studies, and global culture.
Researchers used 'silencing genes' cloned from electrically quiet human heart tissue to quiet firing nerve cells, demonstrating a potential gene therapy approach for conditions marked by excessive nerve excitability. The system was fine-tuned with an insect hormone-based control switch, allowing for temporary silencing of nerve cells.
Indigenous leaders, scientists, and policy makers from 10 countries will gather in Finland to discuss the impact of human activity on Arctic caribou and reindeer communities. The goal is to develop a comprehensive plan for scientific research that promotes the well-being of Arctic residents and reduces conflicts over resource use.
A crucial molecular dance has been identified as the primary driver of pulmonary fibrosis, an incurable lung inflammation. Researchers discovered that a protein called integrin activates TGF Beta, leading to excessive fibrous scarring in lungs.
Theorists contemplate the impact of modern cosmology on Western society, noting a lack of social consensus and rootlessness. Joel Primack presents a new symbol, the cosmic uroboros, to embody an image of the cosmos consistent with modern science.
A team of UI researchers has found a way to permanently deliver therapeutic genes to the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis. The method uses a retrovirus that integrates into host DNA, allowing the gene to be reproduced in cells. This could lead to a permanent cure for CF and other genetic lung diseases.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine successfully isolated and cultured human embryonic stem cells, a long-sought achievement. The versatile cells have the potential to rapidly study human processes and develop new therapies for various diseases, including diabetes, Parkinson's disease, and muscular dystrophies.