A new study by Mass General Brigham researchers found that larger 'foundation models' can help mitigate disparities between different demographic groups and enhance model accuracy. The findings emphasize the need for more diverse training datasets and demographic-stratified evaluations of AI systems.
A new study found a link between midlife racial discrimination and increased levels of Alzheimer's disease markers, including phosphorylated tau181 and neurofilament light, in older age. Researchers analyzed data from 255 Black Americans over 17 years, revealing that chronic stress from racism contributed to dementia risk.
New findings in The American Journal of Pathology indicate that periostin promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression by enhancing cancer and stromal cell migration in cancer-associated fibroblasts. Periostin may be a promising therapeutic target for treating ESCC.
Researchers at WashU Medicine have found a new way to remove toxic amyloid plaques from the brain using an antibody that activates microglia. This approach has implications beyond Alzheimer's disease and could potentially clear other neurodegenerative conditions.
A new open-top light-sheet microscope with swept illumination enhances the technique for nondestructive 3D pathology. The improved design quadruples the field of view and doubles optical sectioning ability, making it suitable for analyzing complex tissue structures.
Researchers at Mass General Brigham have developed two AI foundation models, UNI and CONCH, to advance computational pathology. These models excel in diagnostic accuracy, prognostic insights, and predicting therapeutic responses, with universal applications in anatomic pathology.
Researchers developed a machine-learning model to assess prostate cancer biopsy samples, overcoming limitations of traditional methods. The new model, nnU-Net, provides accurate 3D segmentation of glandular tissue structures, leading to better prognostic analyses and potential improvements in patient outcomes.
A new study uses AI to predict whether early-stage lung cancer will spread to the brain, allowing for more targeted and effective treatment. The algorithm achieved an accuracy rate of 87%, outperforming human pathologists in some cases.
Scientists at Washington University School of Medicine discovered that neurons coordinate to produce rhythmic waves that propel fluid through dense brain tissue, washing the tissue in the process. This finding has implications for delaying or preventing neurodegenerative diseases by enhancing the brain's cleaning abilities.
Researchers found one in six individuals with high-stage CTE had low tau pathology in the neocortex, but higher concentrations in the medial temporal lobe and brainstem. This form, called cortical-sparing CTE, may be a distinct subtype with different underlying biology and clinical implications.
Scientists studied clusters of immune cells called microglia in normal-appearing white matter to understand their role in Multiple Sclerosis. They found that these nodules are associated with worsened pathology, more lesions, and inflammation, and may be activated by oxidized lipids.
A new blood test has been shown to diagnose Alzheimer's disease pathology as accurately as FDA-approved spinal fluid tests, making early diagnosis and treatment accessible to more people. The blood test measures levels of Alzheimer's proteins in the blood, detecting molecular signs of the disease even before symptoms appear.
Researchers connected cognitive and behavioral symptoms to protein buildup in the brain marking the disease. The study showed a clear relationship between CTE pathology and severity of cognitive and functional symptoms during life.
Researchers at the BU CTE Center found a clear dose-response relationship between CTE pathology and cognitive and functional symptoms, including memory and executive function issues. This study provides valuable insights into diagnosing CTE in living patients, potentially leading to new treatments.
Scientists at the Garvan Institute of Medical Research have identified unique DNA methylation patterns in phyllodes tumours, allowing for accurate diagnosis and distinction from other cancers. The discovery could lead to improved diagnosis and treatment options for patients with this rare disease.
A new study funded by NIHR has led to the UK government approving digital pathology for cancer screening samples. This technology enables faster reporting and improved care for patients with bowel, breast, lung, and cervical cancers. The use of digital pathology will help reduce risk of sample loss or damage and allow pathologists to r...
Researchers found that 94% of patients with posterior cortical atrophy had Alzheimer's pathology, while only 70% of those with memory loss did. Early identification of PCA may lead to better treatment options for Alzheimer's patients.
Cancer immunotherapy can cause severe colitis due to hyper-activated immune T cells and deleted regulatory T cells. Researchers at Michigan Medicine have identified a new mouse model that develops colitis after treatment with antibodies used for tumor immunotherapy, revealing the mechanism behind this side effect.
The Association for Molecular Pathology published a report outlining considerations for a slice testing strategy, including gene selection and quality. This approach combines the advantages of high-quality gene panels with flexibility and broad scope of exome sequencing.
A study in Nature uncovers new insights into the human LINE-1 ORF2 protein's structure and mechanisms, shedding light on its evolutionary history and innate immune activation. The research also identifies potential targets for therapies to prevent cancer, autoimmune disease, and neurodegeneration.
Researchers identify memory CD8 T cells as potential therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis in aging. The study shows that these immune cells enhance plaque buildup in the arteries of aged mice, which could lead to heart attacks and strokes.
Researchers found that blocking cholesterol production prevented progression of serrated-type intestinal tumors in mice, suggesting a potential new strategy for treating these aggressive cancers. The study's findings support the use of cholesterol-lowering drugs to prevent or treat these tumors.
A new study by University of Arkansas researchers suggests that male-biased pathology makes male canaries more likely to transmit the avian bacterial pathogen Mycoplasma gallisepticum. The study found that male birds have shorter incubation periods, longer recovery periods, and higher pathogen loads than females.
Researchers at UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center have shown that inhibiting galectin 1 protein using gene therapy can shrink liver cancer in mice, improving the anti-cancer immune response and increasing killer T cells. This approach has potential as a treatment for HCC prevention.
Researchers analyzed leishmaniasis lesions on mouse skin to detect metabolic signaling pathways that differed from uninfected mice. They found pathways with pain-relief properties tied to the brain's endocannabinoid system, which is involved in a host of physiological processes, including the pain response.
Researchers developed a new diagnostic tool to identify and treat Hikikomori, a condition characterized by prolonged physical isolation or social withdrawal. The Hikikomori Diagnostic Evaluation (HiDE) assesses the severity of social withdrawal, providing a practical guide for clinicians.
A team at Weill Cornell Medicine mapped the location and spatial features of blood-forming cells in human bone marrow, confirming hypotheses and providing a powerful new means to study diseases. The method, which uses artificial intelligence, identified and determined the positions of about 1.5 million cells in archival samples.
Scientists have identified a previously unknown pathway for dietary cholesterol absorption in the gut, which could lead to new treatments for managing cholesterol levels. An experimental drug has been found to specifically target this pathway, offering a potential new approach to controlling cholesterol levels.
A recent study published in Nature Communications validates MSIntuit CRC, an AI-driven digital pathology diagnostic, as a reliable pre-screening tool for colorectal cancer. The diagnostic accurately rules out nearly 50% of MSS patients while correctly classifying over 96% of MSI patients.
Researchers found a positive association between elevated urinary albumin and sub-clinical coronary artery pathology, including microcalcifications, in individuals with type 2 diabetes without symptoms of cardiovascular disease. Microcalcification activity was higher in those with albuminuria, indicating potential kidney damage.
Researchers from GIST propose a novel approach to mitigate overfitting in pretrained models used for voice pathology detection, achieving 12.36% and 15.38% improvement in recall using contrastive learning.
The Association for Molecular Pathology published guidelines for validating and reporting clinical circulating tumor DNA assays. The recommendations aim to promote standardization and quality improvement in liquid biopsy assays, which have emerged as a key technology in molecular diagnostics.
The American Phytopathological Society has created a new series of distinguished reviews in honor of Harold H. Flor, who developed the gene-for-gene concept in plant pathology. The series presents authoritative reviews on molecular plant-microbe interactions, providing a historical perspective and future directions for research.
Researchers discovered Leishmania parasites in blood-related stem cells of chronically infected mice, challenging the textbook understanding of the disease. The finding may lead to new treatment options and improve our understanding of why some people develop visceral leishmaniasis despite having immune disorders.
A joint consensus report by AMP, ASM, IDSA, and PASCV outlines the clinical and analytical benefits of multiplex PCR panels for detecting pathogens from various body sites. The report also discusses future directions and challenges associated with these panels.
Researchers developed an AI-based assessment tool to evaluate two-dimensional pictures of tumor samples, identifying previously underappreciated features such as tumor microheterogeneity and immune properties. These features are associated with improved overall survival among patients taking immune checkpoint inhibitors. The tool has t...
Researchers have discovered that irisin-based therapies might help combat Alzheimer's disease by reducing amyloid beta deposits and enhancing neprilysin levels. Exercise-induced irisin treatment led to a remarkable reduction of amyloid beta pathology in a 3D human cell culture model of AD.
A new gene therapy study has identified microRNA-22 as a potential treatment for liver cancer, achieving better survival outcomes and reducing inflammation compared to the current FDA-approved drug lenvatinib. The treatment was administered via a single intravenous injection and showed no observable toxicity.
Researchers studied over 800 clinical assays on renal tumors with MiTF family genes TFE3 and TFEB. The findings show significant age differences between patients with TFEB amplification and those with TFE3 or TFEB translocation, with TFEB amplification being associated with poorer prognosis.
A recent University of Kentucky study found that inhibiting the p38 protein in microglia may alter interactions between brain immune cells and Alzheimer's pathology. The research suggests that early inhibition of p38 may be beneficial without causing noticeable adverse effects.
In a phase 3 clinical trial, donanemab significantly slowed clinical progression in patients with low/medium tau and high tau pathology. The treatment cleared brain amyloid plaque, demonstrating its potential to slow Alzheimer disease progression.
The Association for Molecular Pathology has published clinical CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 genotyping assay recommendations to standardize testing across laboratories. The guidelines aim to improve patient care by providing guidance on allele selection, assay validation, and therapeutic recommendations.
Researchers developed a platform called Orion that bridges parallel worlds of microscopic analysis and multiplexed tissue imaging. The platform enables the integration of information from each source into a comprehensive view across the entire slide, predicting patient prognosis and tumor behavior.
Research reveals liver dysfunction and alterations in the liver-brain axis are key features of Alzheimer's disease. The study highlights the importance of peripheral organs, such as the liver, in understanding the systemic aspects of the disease.
The American Phytopathological Society published a special issue on key discoveries in plant pathology, highlighting groundbreaking findings over the past 50 years. These discoveries have significantly impacted plant health, food security, and food safety worldwide.
Researchers from St. Jude Children's Research Hospital discovered NLRP12 to be the key molecule responsible for inducing inflammatory cell death and pathology in response to heme combined with other cellular damage or infection. This finding provides a new potential drug target to prevent morbidity in certain illnesses.
A new study in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease examines the effects of environmental enrichment on AD symptom progression and pathology. The researchers found that living in an enriched environment improved several measures of metabolism and reduced individual behaviors, which became more similar and rigid as the disease progressed.
A UCI-led study reveals that the oldest-old, those living up to 90 years old, exhibit similar levels of brain pathology as Alzheimer's patients but with lower levels of pathology from other neurodegenerative diseases. This finding suggests these individuals may be resistant to these age-related cognitive decline.
The Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP) has published a report establishing evidence-based recommendations for orthogonal confirmation practices of germline variants detected by next-generation sequencing. The guidelines aim to promote standardization, transparency, and quality improvement among laboratories.
New research from UC Berkeley suggests that deep sleep can act as a protective factor against memory decline in individuals with existing high amounts of Alzheimer's disease pathology. This study provides hope for alleviating some of dementia's most devastating outcomes.
A study presented at the ARRS Annual Meeting reveals institutional variability in projection order and image acquisition timing for CEM protocol. Earlier-obtained recombined imaging is significantly preferred for cancer lesion characterization, with a trend towards prioritizing imaging the side of pathology.
Early CTE disease process is characterized by different molecular pathways and gene expression changes compared to late-stage disease. Researchers analyzed post-mortem brain tissue from athletes with CTE and found distinct differences in neuro-inflammatory processes and genetic markers.
The study found that Clostridioides difficile uses fermentation to rapidly colonize the gut and identified critical pathways converged on a metabolic integration point to produce amino acid alanine, driving bacterial growth. The findings provide new targets for small molecule drugs to counter C. difficile colonization and infection.
Researchers found that gene therapy approach and small molecule treatment can calm the destructive cells of ALS by preserving upper motor neurons. Improving mitochondrial health also reduces astrocyte attack on diseased neurons, offering new hope for treating ALS.
A study published in Science Immunology has discovered a potential new approach for treating systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by targeting iron metabolism in immune system cells. Blocking the iron uptake receptor reduced disease pathology and promoted anti-inflammatory regulatory T cell activity in a mouse model of SLE.
A new AI tool developed by Brigham and Women's Hospital improves the accuracy of time-critical pathology diagnostics during surgery. The tool, which leverages deep-learning technology, translates frozen tissue samples into high-quality images, increasing diagnostic accuracy and reducing the need for lengthy laboratory tests.
The Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP) published a report assessing the clinical adoption, classification inconsistencies, and implementation barriers of the 2017 guidelines for sequence variant interpretation and reporting in cancer. The study found that 86% of participants correctly differentiated clinically significant varian...
Researchers have identified optimal blood tests to detect Alzheimer's disease at its earliest stages. The study found that phospho-tau217 is a reliable marker for monitoring disease progression and selecting individuals for novel trials.
A new diapsid reptile species has been discovered in Oklahoma with evidence of dental pathology, providing insights into its biology and evolution. The fossil, dated to the early Permian period, was analyzed using neutron tomography and revealed abnormalities in its teeth.
A new UCLA-led study found comprehensive brain-wide changes in individuals with autism spectrum disorder, refining scientists' understanding of how the condition progresses. The study analyzed gene expression across 11 cortical regions, revealing strong evidence that RNA changes in the brain are likely the cause of ASD.