Researchers investigate how photon mass could influence galaxy rotation curves, potentially explaining the enigmatic 'dark matter'. The study's findings suggest a possible solution to the long-standing rotation-curve problem.
Ugur Sahin received the 2019 German Cancer Award for his pioneering research on individualized cancer immunotherapies. He is developing technologies to identify and exploit unique cancer characteristics to guide the immune system against specific tumors.
Gene activity in defenders reflects origin of attacking slavemakers, with successful invaders triggering weaker defenses. Researchers found that host ants react aggressively to rare slave-makers and not to common ones, highlighting the complex co-evolutionary relationship between parasites and their hosts.
Researchers found that bee colonies are more successful collecting food without waggle dance, suggesting the environment plays a key role. Bees were more active and produced more honey when deprived of dance language.
Researchers at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz have identified a promising strategy to develop an agent against African sleeping sickness. The team discovered a small inhibitor molecule that binds to and deactivates a vital protein of the parasite, rendering it harmless.
The Rhine-Main Universities Initiative Funding for Research supports the DeCoDeML network, combining expertise in deep continuous-discrete machine learning to tackle unresolved issues. Researchers from Mainz, Darmstadt, and Frankfurt will examine how machine learning can be made comprehensible to human understanding.
A new study published in EuroIntervention found that minimally invasive Mitraclip implantation has a consistently low complication rate, even as the number of procedures increased. The study included over 13,575 patients and showed that mortality rates remained stable during the five-year period.
Pol Besenius will develop fully synthetic vaccines using modular molecular building blocks to overcome stability and shelf life issues. The SUPRAVACC project aims to create immunological protection against bacterial diseases and anti-tumor vaccines.
Research team finds that plant phytolith and water content cause differing degrees of tooth enamel abrasion in vertebrates. The study suggests that tooth wear can be used to reconstruct the dietary behavior and habitats of extinct animals, with implications for paleontology.
Dr. Mustapha Laatiaoui will use the EU grant to develop a new approach for optical spectroscopy of superheavy elements, making it possible to obtain information about these elements that was previously inaccessible. This breakthrough could provide insights into the structure and properties of super-heavyweights.
Beetles have evolved a hard exoskeleton due to symbiotic bacteria producing tyrosine, essential for cuticle formation. This cooperation has contributed to the evolutionary success of beetles and their spread into new ecological niches.
Researchers at Mainz University Medical Center have developed a new approach to treating anxiety disorders by anchoring positive experiences in the brain's memory. The study, published in Nature Communications, found that administering a commercially available drug that increases dopamine levels can reinforce fear extinction memories a...
A study published in Cell Stem Cell found that glial cell development involves three stages and is regulated by specific transcription factors. The researchers discovered that the proteins NFIA, ATF3, and Runx2 play key roles in organizing glia-specific gene expression.
Africanists conduct research in Germany, focusing on spontaneous language learning strategies. A joint Bachelor's degree program in African Studies will also be established, combining linguistic expertise with other research branches.
A new Collaborative Research Center will explore cellular mechanisms involved in protecting and repairing genes. The study aims to determine factors causing genomic instability, signaling pathways detecting DNA damage, and mechanisms of protection against DNA damage.
Researchers at Mainz University Medical Center discovered a new signal pathway employed by skin cancer cells to evade the immune system. The ICER protein plays a significant role in this process, leading to rapid tumor growth and inflammation.
Researchers have successfully measured the Earth's magnetic field in the sodium layer of the mesosphere using laser-generated artificial stars. This technique allows for ground-based observations of the mesosphere, previously difficult to access, and holds promise for monitoring space weather and measuring electrical currents.
Physicists at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz have successfully measured parity violation in ytterbium atoms with different numbers of neutrons, confirming the predictions of the Standard Model of particle physics. The results show that the effect increases with the number of neutrons in the nucleus.
The Borexino experiment has provided insights into how the Sun generates energy by analyzing its solar neutrino spectrum. The study revealed details about the Sun's core and fusion processes, confirming current understanding of these phenomena.
A team of scientists has successfully generated a Bose-Einstein condensate in space, opening up new possibilities for high-precision measurements in zero gravity. The condensate can be used to measure the Earth's gravitational field, detect gravitational waves, and test Einstein's equivalence principle with unprecedented accuracy.
Research reveals chronic stress impairs spatial memory through altered glucose metabolism, with susceptible individuals showing cognitive impairments.
A newly discovered mineral zircon in Galapagos basalts raises questions about the Earth's crust-mantle system. Geoscientists from Mainz University and partners will collaborate to investigate hypotheses and explore a geological enigma, with implications for understanding island formation.
Researchers at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz have made progress in understanding the binding of chlorophyll to plant proteins. By studying a water-soluble chlorophyll protein from cauliflower and Virginia pepperweed, they found that amino acid variations can alter the preference for one chlorophyll over the other.
Researchers discovered that the Gilthead sea bream was extensively traded from Egypt to Canaan over 2,000 years, with the majority coming from a hypersaline waterbody like the Bardawil lagoon. This ancient trade indicates an early form of commercial fish exploitation.
Physicists have successfully transferred information over long distances using antiferromagnetic iron oxide, a material found in rust. This breakthrough aims to create fast and efficient computing devices with reduced heat production.
Scientists at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz developed a technique to visualize and film the high-speed switching processes of tiny magnetic structures. This method enables researchers to investigate magnetization behavior with sub-nanosecond time resolution, opening up new possibilities for optimizing magnetic components.
A study has identified a single gene called insulin-like peptide 2 (ILP2) as the key determinant of queen and worker roles in ants. The gene is activated by better nutrition and stimulates ovaries to trigger reproduction, explaining the emergence of social behavior in insects.
Scientists at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz and Aschaffenburg University of Applied Sciences have made a breakthrough in binding the highly ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbon Freon 11. They discovered that modified cyclic sugar molecules can effectively adsorb and detect Freon 11, preventing its release into the atmosphere.
A study published in European Heart Journal reveals that air pollution is a significant contributor to cardiovascular diseases, with particulate matter playing a key role. The review article highlights the importance of reducing emissions from traffic, industry, and agriculture to mitigate the negative effects on vascular function.
Scientists have found a way to control spin currents using magnetic fields and temperatures, significantly improving the efficiency of fundamental spintronic components. This breakthrough has the potential to revolutionize the design of storage devices like hard disks and create new technologies such as spin current switches.
Researchers found that antiskyrmions behave differently from skyrmions when electric currents are applied, creating periodic pairs and potentially providing a source of skyrmions. This phenomenon may hold clues to the imbalance between matter and antimatter in the universe.
Recent research found a significant correlation between conspiracy mentality and preference for alternative medical treatments in Germany and the USA. Individuals with a strong proclivity to believe in conspiracy theories tend to display a positive attitude towards alternative concepts and reject conventional medical treatments.
Scientists from JGU and the University of Kaiserslautern have developed a process to apply a thin magnetic layer to steel, allowing for the detection of microstructural changes by changes in magnetic effects. This method has the advantage of detecting signs of fatigue much earlier than conventional testing procedures.
Scientists have developed a new method to attach drug-filled nanocarriers to immune cells, which can attack tumors, leading to improved targeted treatment. This breakthrough, published in Nature Nanotechnology, shows that the method is more efficient than traditional chemical bonding methods.
Researchers discovered that bacteria associated with beetles can produce an antifungal substance similar to one found in marine tunicates. The commonality is likely due to lateral gene transfer between unrelated microorganisms. This finding highlights the potential of defensive symbionts for innovation and human use.
Researchers have created a water-soluble molecule that can measure pressure in solution, offering new possibilities for materials sciences, catalysis, and other fields. The molecular ruby-based system shows promising results with high sensitivity, outperforming traditional gemstone ruby measurements.
A team of researchers discovered hunting lesions on fallow deer skeletons dating back 120,000 years to Neandertal hunting methods. The findings suggest a confrontational way of hunting requiring careful planning and close cooperation.
Researchers at Mainz University Medical Center found that pericytes, a type of connective tissue cell in the brain, can be directly converted into neurons by manipulating signaling pathways. The cells must pass through a neural stem cell-like state before differentiating into two classes of neurons.
Researchers at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz have developed an electrochemical synthesis method for thebaine, overcoming decades-long challenges in mimicking its natural formation. The new approach uses astute modification of starting materials to achieve high selectivity and efficiency in the reaction.
A research consortium investigated the antidiabetic action of natural fatty acids, but found no positive effects on metabolism. Previous studies had suggested a potential point of attack in treating diabetes, but these results do not support it.
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory has recorded a high-energy particle track with an energy of 2.6 PeV, leaving scientists puzzled. Researchers propose that the track could be caused by a tau neutrino, opening up new possibilities for astrophysics research and suggesting the presence of unknown components in the neutrino spectrum.
Researchers at Mainz University Medical Center identified an enzyme responsible for vascular damage caused by aircraft noise. The study found that night-time noise has a particularly harmful effect on vessels and brain, and suggest that protecting night-time sleep from noise is crucial.
A large-scale genetic study has identified 161 genetic factors contributing to the development of myopia, a condition affecting millions worldwide. The findings suggest that insufficient sunlight triggers myopia by altering the shape of the eye.
Scientists are exploring ways to develop innovative therapies for treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by understanding the role of deregulated protein kinases, or MAPKs. Elevated levels of these enzymes in NSCLC tissue have been linked to tumor progression and immune evasion.
A new German Research Foundation Priority Program explores how cells utilize phase separation to perform novel functions. The program aims to understand the collective behavior of intrinsically disordered proteins, which have been termed the dark proteome.
The Gutenberg Research College awarded four new fellows and recognized Adela Yarbro Collins and John J. Collins with a 2018 Gutenberg Research Award worth EUR 10,000. The GRC supports top-level researchers through funding that enables them to promote science and the arts.
The Life Sciences - Life Writing research training group will receive EUR 2.2 million in funding to explore the correlation between new biomedicine developments and human boundary experiences. The program aims to generate alternative perspectives on what it means to be human, combining natural sciences, medicine, and humanities.
Antiferromagnetic materials enable terahertz processing rates, increasing data density and writing speed. This breakthrough technology overcomes the limitations of ferromagnetic materials, allowing for faster data transfer and processing.
Four young researchers from abroad receive EU Individual Fellowships to initiate new research projects in physics and palaeogenomics. They will investigate topics such as spin transport, Higgs boson interactions, population dynamics, and quantum physics.
A recent study published in International Journal of Cardiology found that exposure to extreme noise annoyance increases the incidence of atrial fibrillation by up to 23%. Aircraft noise is identified as a major source of noise pollution, with 84% during the day and 69% at night. The study highlights the importance of measuring noise a...