Articles tagged with Ecosystem Services
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers have found that oat plants with strong crown rust resistance tend to produce higher concentrations of Avns, a type of antioxidant metabolite. The study suggests that oat breeders can select cultivars with enhanced Avn production by taking into account disease pressure during growth.
The US Department of Agriculture's National Agricultural Statistics Service has released new geospatial data products, including satellite images of agricultural land cover across most of the nation. These cropland data layers can be used to monitor crop rotation patterns, land use changes, and water resources.
Biodiversity in Oklahoma's rivers is declining due to environmental changes like water pollution, habitat destruction, and climate change. Freshwater mussels play a crucial role in biofiltration and ecosystem services, highlighting the need for sustainable water management.
Research estimates that coral reefs provide annual services to humans valued at US $172 billion, with a single hectare providing an average of $1.1 million in food and ornamental resources, while also regulating climate and moderating extreme events. Investing in protected areas offers exceptional returns on investment, with a cost-ben...
Researchers Dr. Margaret Palmer and Dr. Solange Filoso caution that market-based environmental restoration programs lack scientific certainty to ensure ecosystem health improvements.
The US Forest Service has awarded a grant to study the threats to Guam's fadang tree, a culturally and biologically significant species. The ongoing research aims to understand the cascading responses of other plants and insects as the fadang population declines.
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has prohibited commercial krill harvesting in the Exclusive Economic Zone off the coasts of California, Oregon, and Washington. This rule aims to protect the krill's role as a key food source for numerous marine species, including some listed as threatened or endangered.
The University of Oklahoma has presented comprehensive recommendations for modernizing the Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service (DHMZ) to improve weather monitoring, forecasting, and warning systems. The goal is to strengthen public safety and support the growth of Croatia's economy during times of global environmental change.
The University of Miami's Abess Center for Ecosystem Science and Policy has awarded two graduates, Sara Gonzalez-Rothi and R. Scott Nuzum, with Everglades Foundation Congressional Fellowships. The fellows will receive a $45,000 stipend and spend 12 months in Washington D.C. offices focused on environmental policy.
A study by Ecological Society of America reveals the economic costs of invasive species on Europe's ecosystems. The research lists Canada geese and coypu as top invaders causing widespread damage to crops and forests, with estimated annual losses in the UK at €2.8 billion.
Researchers explore using web crawlers to mine informal web-based sources for ecosystem monitoring, providing early warnings of potential ecological disasters. The Internet may contain information on drivers of change, such as global seafood markets, which can help avoid abrupt ecosystem collapse.
The March 2009 issue of BioScience explores new tools for weed science, the role of field stations in cultivating biologists, and quantifying ecosystem services. Researchers argue that changes in connectivity drive desertification and highlight the importance of nonindigenous species affecting salmon populations.
A recent study by Arizona State University's Charles Perrings highlights the substantial economic impact of invasive species on agriculture, fisheries, forestry, and ecosystems. In some countries, such as South Africa and Brazil, invasive species account for up to 112% of agricultural GDP.
The discovery of new mammalian species since 1993 reveals a significant reduction in biodiversity, with many species having small populations or limited geographic ranges. This loss can have severe consequences, including increased disease risk and reduced ecosystem services that support human life.
Researchers use novel tools to quantify ecosystem services, including pollination and flood protection, with promising results for conservation efforts. High levels of biodiversity often correlate with enhanced ecosystem services, suggesting preservation as key to unlocking their value.
A recent study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences highlights the need for improved understanding of ecosystem interactions and long-term data collection. The authors warn that current approaches are limited by discipline-bound thinking and lack a full description of the complex biophysical and social systems.
Two Samoan students, Fa'afo'i Tony Maugalei and John Ah Sue, have been selected as part of the US Forest Service's Professional Internships in Pacific Terrestrial Island Ecosystem Management program. They will develop and evaluate an agroforestry project on private lands to demonstrate economically viable forest management methods.
Three Palauans, Uelbil Puanani Michael, Omekrael Sadang, and Sheldon Siksei, have been selected as interns in the US Forest Service's Professional Internships in Pacific Terrestrial Island Ecosystem Management program. They will work on forestry projects in their home islands and later implement focus projects with mentors.
The US Forest Service has selected two Pohnpeian students, Fa'afo'i Tony Maugalei and John Ah Sue, as part of its Professional Internships in Pacific Terrestrial Island Ecosystem Management program. The program aims to recruit and train the next generation of forestry professionals in the Pacific Islands.
A study published in the Review of Agricultural Economics found that both fast food and table service restaurant meals are larger and have more calories than meals prepared at home. However, fast food meals tend to be smaller, resulting in fewer calories overall.
Recent studies in BioScience explore advancements in bacterial identification using genomics and proteomics. The journal also examines the ecological consequences of West Nile virus outbreaks and the importance of ecosystem services.
The Soil Science Society of America presented several awards to recognize outstanding contributions in precision agriculture and soil management. The Lloyd R. Frederick Soil Teaching Travel Award supports international teaching experiences for top soil science instructors, while the L.R. Ahuja Ag Systems Modeling Award honors early car...
The American Society of Agronomy has recognized five individuals with prestigious awards for their excellence in agronomic education, extension, and service. Lee Burras received the Agronomic Resident Education Award for his outstanding teaching skills, while William J. Cox was honored with the Agronomic Extension Education Award for h...
The ICSU has approved a major international research programme to study the relationship between humans and ecosystems. The programme aims to provide scientific knowledge needed for sustainable use of valuable ecosystems.
Ecological restoration is a tool to reverse ecosystem fragmentation by reintroducing living components and reestablishing healthy interactions within landscapes. This approach can enhance land function beyond food production, fuel, and fiber, and mitigate its adverse effects.
A group of international scientists agrees that biofuel production requires environmental standards to prevent harm. The experts recommend incentive programs and sustainable practices like no-till farming to reduce negative impacts on the environment.
This issue of BioScience features studies on fungal community ecology, extreme precipitation regimes, and the developing Drosophila brain. Researchers also explore the consequences of climate change for terrestrial ecosystems and discuss the potential benefits of restoration and sustainable agriculture.
A study by Arizona State University researchers found that urbanization's impact on surface hydrology can disrupt nutrient cycling in native ecosystems. The alteration of stream flow and water availability has been linked to increased nitrogen levels, harming riparian species and coastal dead zones.
According to Paul Ehrlich and Robert Pringle, a multi-pronged approach involving individual and small group efforts is crucial for preserving biodiversity. By making modest actions such as reducing meat consumption or maintaining living hedges, people can collectively have a significant impact on the environment.
Experts warn that critical food shortages and high fossil fuel prices are major threats to preserving wetlands worldwide. The United Nations University calls for policy makers to resist pressure to convert wetlands, citing the importance of these ecosystems for safe water supplies, biodiversity, and climate change mitigation.
The partnership aims to improve decision-making by incorporating the value of ecosystem services into policy. Researchers will use computer models to predict impacts on ecosystem services from development options.
A study found that children tend to overestimate the relative numbers of certain taxa, such as mammals and birds, while underestimating others, including social insects and annelids. This knowledge is crucial for inspiring future conservationists.
Gretchen Daily, a Stanford University biologist, has been recognized by the Sophie Foundation for her groundbreaking work blending economics and ecology. Her research focuses on quantifying the economic value of ecosystems and promoting conservation through practical applications.
A recent MU study found that black-bellied salamanders play a crucial role in the productivity of headwater streams, contributing significantly to the food chain. The research suggests these salamanders are a key link in the ecosystem, consuming aquatic insects and supporting other species.
A new approach to managing marine resources in Puget Sound uses ecosystem services as a framework, including the value of Dungeness crab and eelgrass. This research aims to inform management decisions that balance economic and environmental concerns.
Researchers find that small losses of mangroves can be offset by gains from shrimp farming, allowing for a balance between environmental protection and economic development. The study suggests using ecosystem-based management to conserve entire ecosystems and mitigate the impact of human activities on natural habitats.
A new study by Conservation International and the University of Vermont reveals that conserving biodiversity also protects essential ecosystem services like fresh water, food, and carbon storage. The report estimates the annual value of these services to be over $33 trillion.
Green roofs offer multiple benefits, including reduced energy costs and controlled storm-water runoff. They also provide havens for local wildlife, making them an attractive alternative to traditional roofing options. Researchers argue that further research is needed to optimize green roof designs and plant species.
Ecological restoration is crucial in addressing global climate change, enhancing carbon sinks and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The Society for Ecological Restoration International urges governments, organizations, and private institutions to support restoration projects worldwide.
A study projects that climate change and land conversion will imperil 950 to 1800 bird species by 2100, with tropical birds being particularly vulnerable due to their small ranges. The protection of tropical forests is crucial in mitigating climate change and preserving biodiversity.
A recent study finds that human population size and affluence are the primary drivers of environmental stressors, whereas urbanization, economic structure, and age of population have limited impact. The researchers used global average productivity to compare environmental tradeoffs and human-induced stressors in the environment.
Researchers have cloned a wild wheat gene that increases protein, zinc, and iron content in grain by 10-15%, potentially addressing nutritional deficiencies affecting millions of children worldwide. The study confirms the gene's effect on matured grains showing higher nutrient levels without sacrificing size or quality.
A report warns of impending catastrophic collapse of all fish and seafood species by 2048, citing accelerating marine biodiversity loss as the primary cause. The study highlights the far-reaching consequences of this loss, including decreased ecosystem services such as water quality maintenance and coastal protection.
The Natural Capital Project aims to calculate ecosystem services' value to people, highlighting the importance of conserving natural systems. By incorporating these values into policies, conservation can be a profitable use of land, benefiting both biodiversity and human life.
A comprehensive analysis of over 100 studies reveals that biodiversity loss will have severe consequences on ecosystem function, including pest control, organic waste management, food production, and water purification. The study suggests that protecting biodiversity is crucial to maintaining these essential services.
Ecosystem services from boreal forests, including carbon capture and water filtration, are estimated to be worth $160 per hectare, totaling $93 billion/year in Canada. Globally, the value is around $250 billion per year. A natural capital accounting system is recommended to reflect these values.
A gene that enables rice to survive complete submergence has been identified, allowing for development of new rice varieties that can withstand flooding. The discovery is expected to increase food security for 70 million poor people and reduce yield losses from weeds in areas like the United States.
A new project aims to create fast and sophisticated computer models to understand ecosystem dynamics and value for any spot on earth. The models will help policymakers identify specific ecosystem services and their impacts, enabling informed decisions on land use.
Research highlights declining hemlock populations due to invasive species, as well as the value of urban forests like Overton Park. Studies also examine economic and ecological costs of exurbanization on Tennessee's southern Cumberland Plateau and document changes in freshwater mussel populations.
The study finds that healthy ecosystems can mitigate the effects of disasters like landslides and floods. Mainstreaming sustainable biodiversity management into policy decisions may reverse ecosystem degradation trends.
Agriculture can offer ecosystem services like cleaner air, water, and wildlife habitats by managing land in a way that appreciates non-marketable benefits. This approach aims to encourage farmers to provide these services with incentives and citizen payments.
Researchers explore how science can help understand and alleviate poverty, with a focus on biophysical parameters and energy services. They find strong correlations between disaster vulnerability, soil fertility, drought frequency, and malaria exposure, highlighting the need for tailored solutions.
The Canon National Parks Science Scholars Program has inducted its ninth class of students, who will conduct research on critical scientific problems affecting national parks. The program awards scholarships to support graduate students' education and research expenses for three years.
Scientists have evaluated the status of all ecosystems on Earth, finding that environmental benefits are rapidly being degraded. The assessment, commissioned by the United Nations, reveals that human societies depend on ecosystem services such as food, clean air, and potable water, which are at risk due to environmental change.
The partnership aims to utilize NASA satellite data to help manage forest resources in Acadia National Park. NPS and NASA will share information and collaborate on training, technical support, and education to benefit each other's goals.
The University of Georgia has received a grant to promote trade between the US and Uganda, with the goal of creating jobs and economic growth for both countries. The project is part of the Africa Initiative on campus and aims to build capacity in international trade.
A Stanford University team is working to restore native forests in Hawaii by offering landowners financial incentives. They are focusing on the restoration of koa trees, which provide numerous ecosystem services including recharging freshwater aquifers and storing carbon.
Russell G. Slayback receives the William B. Heroy Jr. Award for his exceptional long-term service to AGI, while Warren D. Allmon is recognized for his outstanding contribution to public understanding of geoscience through his work at PRI.
A new study by the U.S. National Science Foundation highlights the vital importance of streamside forests in maintaining clean water and healthy ecosystems. The research, funded jointly by NSF and EPA, shows that these forests help filter pollutants from streams, enhance ecosystem processes, and support biodiversity.
Jim Reichman has received the Distinguished Service Citation from the Ecological Society of America for his long service to ESA and scientific community. He is also a recipient of the C. Hart Merriam Award of the American Society of Mammalogists, recognizing his contributions to mammalogy and environmental science.