Articles tagged with Small Samples
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new platform has been created using 214,000 microbiome samples to track antibiotic-resistant bacteria globally. The data can be used to tailor guidelines on combating resistance in different regions.
A new noninvasive genetic survey technique allows researchers to identify salt marsh harvest mice and other small mammals without capturing them. The technique uses bait stations and genetics to collect fecal pellets from mice that come and go on their own.
Researchers found that a common autism screening test consistently excludes more women than men from research studies, creating a 'leaky pipeline' for diagnosis and treatment. This bias is attributed to the test's origins in male-dominated samples, which may not accurately capture female phenotypes.
A new type of sampler using felt nibs from pens has been developed for collecting biological samples, offering longer storage life and ease of use. This technology has potential applications in space exploration and medical settings.
A new study from the University of Gothenburg detects SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus particles in microscopically small fluid droplets exhaled by patients with COVID-19. The findings show that a few breaths are sufficient to detect viral RNA, offering potential for easy and convenient breath tests.
A study led by Florida Atlantic University reveals a vast amount of microplastics in the entire water column of an offshore plastic accumulation zone, with small microplastics being critical and underexplored. The findings highlight the importance of understanding the impact of these tiny plastics on marine ecosystems.
Researchers from Harvard University and others have found that large-scale COVID-19 vaccination surveys were off by up to 17 percentage points due to systematic biases in the data. The 'Big Data Paradox' highlights how big data sets can minimize one type of error while magnifying another, leading to misleading results.
A new study found that 44% of micro-arteries from patients had abnormal myogenic tone, associated with excessive caldesmon presence and poor cell alignment. This abnormality affects blood supply within the heart and other organs, impacting quality of life and life expectancy.
A recent study using REST-meta-PD analyzed brain activity data from 15 PD patient studies, finding that up to 80% of voxels declared significant may not be replicable across datasets. The researchers propose a normative modelling method to improve reproducibility and generalizability.
Scientists from Osaka University used machine learning methods to enhance signal-to-noise ratio in nanopore data, enabling higher precision measurements. The 'Noise2Noise' technique improved resolution of noisy runs, revealing faint features hidden by random fluctuations.
Researchers found that when people visually estimate object size, they consider the surrounding context and distance from the observer, rescaling sizes before estimating variance. This ability allows for quick estimation of statistical characteristics of multiple objects.
A Stanford University School of Medicine study found that self-collected nasal swab samples yielded results as accurate as those collected by healthcare workers, paving the way for widespread at-home testing. The study also explored how long infected individuals remain contagious and provided insights into viral shedding patterns.
Scientists have discovered that ultra-strong metals can be created by reducing grain size to below 10 nanometers, contrary to previous assumptions. The study found that high pressure overcomes grain sliding effects, leading to extreme strengthening in finely grained samples.
A 5,000-year-old toy has inspired a portable centrifuge that can prepare scientific samples including DNA, working as well as expensive cousins but costing less than $1. The device, dubbed the 3D-Fuge, was demonstrated in two applications, one in a rainforest and another in a high school for synthetic biology competition.
A UCLA-led team has developed a new method to analyze nanocrystals using electron microscopes, enabling quick identification of small molecule structures. This technique accelerates processes for drug development by allowing scientists to screen more samples faster.
A study by University of Washington researchers found that Facebook data can be used to estimate migration statistics more accurately than the US Census Bureau. However, biases and limitations in the data must be considered when combining Facebook and American Community Survey information.
After having a baby, men tend to relax and women do household chores on their days off. In contrast, when both partners work, they split tasks more evenly. The study suggests that couples should discuss how to share household duties before the baby is born.
Researchers developed a novel fluorescence-based assay for detecting antibodies in serum samples, enabling earlier diagnosis and better disease progression tracking. The new assay is particularly useful for small sample volumes, making it suitable for studies with limited sample availability.
Researchers developed a microscale thermogravimetric analysis technique that can analyze tiny nanoparticle samples, detecting mass changes as small as a nanogram and using samples as little as one microgram. The technique has potential for studying nanomaterials in biology and the environment.
Researchers found amino acids and biologically important molecules in carbon-rich meteorites, suggesting that extraterrestrial material may have played a role in the origin of life. The new technique allows for analysis of tiny samples, enabling future studies on cometary particles and sample-return missions.
A new standard provides confidence that results from handheld Raman spectrometers can be compared accurately. The standard corrects differences in peak intensities reported by different instruments, enabling consistent measurements in emergency response situations.
A new study by University of Bristol researchers questions the reliability of neuroscience studies, finding that most have only a 20% chance of detecting real effects. The team highlights the problem of 'endemic' low-powered studies producing unreliable research.
A new study published in Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation reveals that male stroke survivors are more prone to depression than females, primarily due to uncertainty about their illness outcomes. Health ambiguity is significantly associated with greater depression for both sexes, but the association is stronger for men.
Researchers have developed a new technique that can identify protein structures in just hours, revolutionizing the pharmaceutical industry. The enhanced NMR spectroscopy method using dynamic nuclear polarisation (DNP) enables significant structural data to be gained from small biological samples.
A study published in PLoS One found that viewers were heavily influenced by the 'worm', a continuous response tracking measure used in live debates. The researchers concluded that the worm's small sample size makes it vulnerable to manipulation and compromises the public's ability to form independent opinions.
The UK's largest household longitudinal study has published its early findings, providing a glimpse into the lives of 40,000 households. The study's breadth of topics and large sample size offer opportunities for diverse research on social networks, health, well-being, and more.
A new chemical analysis technique developed by NIST uses quartz crystal microbalances to test the purity of small material samples. This technique measures reaction energy needed to decompose or oxidize a sample with heat, offering a more sensitive approach than conventional methods, enabling analysis of nanoparticles and thin films.
Researchers achieved unprecedented pressures, temperatures, and time scales to study metastable states of argon under ultra-high pressure. This technique allows for direct comparison with molecular dynamics simulations and expands our understanding of planetary interiors and exotic behavior.
Scientists develop non-destructive carbon dating technique to analyze hundreds of museum collections and priceless objects like the Shroud of Turin. The new method uses plasma to oxidize surface of artifact, producing carbon dioxide for C-14 analysis.
Researchers at Iowa State University are working on an embryonic test that can determine a calf's genetic soundness before birth, allowing producers to select valuable embryos and reduce waste. The new technology has the potential to revolutionize cattle breeding and marketing, enabling producers to target specific traits and markets.
The study designs a trial to identify differences between groups with high statistical power while minimizing costs. A small number of schools are included in the trial, allowing for more precise analysis and better understanding of how interventions affect pupils within each school.
A study found that nine different biases can cause errors in judgment when dealing with a large amount of information. Training subjects to spot these biases improved their ability to detect false-alarm opportunities and recognize specific biases, especially under time pressure.
A new technique using laser desorption mass spectrometry can analyze paint samples as thin as 10 micrometres, determining pigment composition and origin. The study improves upon existing techniques for studying pigments in paintings.
Rice University scientists develop a nanosensor that can precisely analyze chemical information, opening doors for new methods to examine single molecules. The technology has widespread applications in environmental science, chemistry and biosensing, with potential early detection of cancer.
A researcher has developed a new detector that can identify airborne anthrax and other biological particles in under 30 minutes. The device uses lasers and acoustic sensors to detect the presence of microorganisms, offering significant improvements over existing methods.
A new sociological sampling method, called respondent-driven sampling, can identify hard-to-reach groups. By analyzing the connections between individuals in a group, researchers can gather information and correct for biases to obtain a representative sample of populations such as drug users, jazz musicians, and other marginalized groups.
Researchers at Cornell University have developed a nanofabricated device that can separate DNA fragments by length in as little as 15-30 minutes, compared to the traditional method which takes 12-24 hours. The device uses alternating deep and shallow sections to propel DNA strands through it, allowing for faster separation and analysis.
David Wetzel's new technique uses infrared microspectroscopy to analyze small specimens without grinding or staining, revealing localized chemical content and spatial resolution. The technology has increasing applications in biological and other research, including rare blood disorders and hit-and-run cases.
The new system can analyze many samples within seconds, nearly 5,000 times faster than other technology in screening samples of catalysts that react with liquids. It will speed up the analysis of combinatorial chemistry samples and reveal molecular mechanisms involved in gas-solid catalysis.
A study found that 54 out of 57 bottled waters had fluoride levels below the recommended range, while all Cleveland tap water samples met or exceeded the optimal level. Bottled water also contained higher bacteria counts than tap water, with some samples having over 4,900 colonies per milliliter.
Researchers will collect snow samples from Illimani and Sajama mountains to understand the impact of El Nino and La Nina on precipitation patterns. The team's goal is to analyze climate conditions over the past two years using sophisticated chemical analyses of snow samples.
Researchers used the One-Ångstrom Microscope to create unprecedented images of columns of carbon atoms in diamond lattices and nitrogen atoms in gallium nitride at atomic resolution. The technique overcomes challenges of resolving light elements in crystal lattices, enabling new discoveries in superhard materials, high-temperature supe...
A study by the High Pressure Mineral Physics Group at the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry revealed that at high pressures, elements with strong affinity for metallic iron (siderophilic elements) lose their characteristic behavior. This discovery suggests an alternative explanation for the abundance of these elements in the Earth's u...
Researchers at NASA have developed innovative methods to study molten metals in space, including electrodes and magnets to measure fluid flows and dendrite growth. These techniques will help improve manufacturing processes on Earth by understanding subtle phenomena affected by gravity.
The new microfluidic-NMR system enables high-performance capillary electrophoresis separations and simultaneous NMR spectroscopy, facilitating the development of desktop spectrometers. The technology has significant applications in drug discovery and combinatorial chemistry.
The USMP-4 mission successfully delivered a haul of science and samples to help scientists investigate the era of International Space Station. The mission made significant contributions to materials science, solidification processes, and ultrasmall electronics, with results expected to have practical applications in industries like eye...
Researchers find massive methane deposits in Blake Ridge area, equivalent to 35 billion tons, and estimate 7% of global carbon stored. The discovery suggests a significant role in past climate change and potential for future energy source.
Cornell University scientists have developed a new technique for accurately characterizing biomolecules using electrospray mass spectrometry. This breakthrough allows researchers to analyze samples as small as a single cell with unusually high confidence, opening up new avenues for molecular investigations into human medical disorders.
Digital speech analysis tests can quantify signs of intoxication, such as jumpy pitch and energy changes. The test, developed by Georgia Tech researcher Kathleen E. Cummings, analyzes vocal cord movements during speech production.