Articles tagged with Chemotherapy
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A study published in Human Pathology found that lung cancer patients without the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (pRB) experience significantly improved survival rates when undergoing chemotherapy. The absence of pRB was detected in 15% of patients, with a 92% 5-year survival rate compared to 49% for those with the protein.
Researchers from IMIM and partner institutions developed a new integrated computational method to predict adverse drug reactions more reliably. The method combines structure-based detection of labile fragments with information on the mechanism of action of the drug, resulting in improved ability to foresee possible adverse effects.
Researchers discovered that a protective mechanism in egg cells prevents DNA-damaged eggs from being fertilized. This checkpoint helps prevent birth defects and miscarriages caused by damaged DNA. The study's findings offer new insights into the causes of infertility, birth defects, and spontaneous miscarriage.
Washington State University researchers have developed a unique protein cage to deliver chemotherapy directly to cancer cells, showing promising results in killing over 70% of lung cancer cells. The system selectively targets cancer cells without attacking healthy cells, potentially reducing side effects.
Researchers at the University of Georgia have discovered a mechanism that could lead to better ovarian cancer treatment by targeting chemoresistance. The RGS10 protein impacts the effectiveness of chemotherapy, and manipulating its expression can improve treatment outcomes.
Scientists at MIT have found a mechanism by which cancer cells develop resistance to chemotherapy drugs. The MK2 pathway takes over when p53 is disabled, allowing cells to continue dividing even with extensive DNA damage. Measuring the levels of specific RNAs could help predict patients' response to chemotherapy.
Researchers report that up to half of surgical site infections and over a quarter of infections after cancer chemotherapy are caused by resistant bacteria. The study predicts that reducing antibiotic efficacy could lead to 120,000 more infections and 6,300 infection-related deaths annually in the USA.
Case Western Reserve University researcher Efstathios Karathanasis has received a $2.82 million grant to develop a treatment that eradicates glioblastoma multiforme with one safe dose. The treatment uses chain-like nanoparticles carrying chemotherapy medicine and inhibitors to target brain tumor cells.
Computational models suggest a new design for nanoparticles used in targeted drug delivery. The researchers proposed making more stable liposomes by incorporating a nanoparticle core and polymer tethers, which acts as a hub-and-spoke-like scaffold that helps the liposome to weather stresses and strains.
Researchers at VCU Massey Cancer Center found that depleting CHD4 protein makes AML cells more susceptible to chemotherapy agents, reducing DNA damage repair and tumor-forming properties.
Researchers develop new targeted delivery method using silk sponge to reduce chemotherapy's toxic effects on children with neuroblastoma. The approach slows tumor growth and reduces systemic toxicity, offering a promising alternative to traditional chemotherapy.
A phase 3 clinical trial found that immunotherapy drug nivolumab improved overall survival and reduced toxicities compared to chemotherapy drug docetaxel for patients with non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer. The results suggest that nivolumab is a promising option for patients whose lung cancer progresses after initial treatment.
A phase I trial of rovalpituzumab tesirine has shown promising results in treating small cell lung cancer, with 34% of patients experiencing a partial response and 31% experiencing disease stabilisation. The drug targets DLL3, a protein highly expressed in SCLCs.
A study of 129 children born after prenatal exposure to cancer treatment found normal mental and heart function, contradicting fears that chemotherapy would harm fetal development. However, premature birth was more frequent among these children than in the general population, suggesting avoiding prematurity is key.
A major study published in the New England Journal of Medicine has identified a 21-gene test that can determine which breast cancer patients can safely avoid chemotherapy. The test, called Oncotype DX Recurrence Score, analyzes tumor samples and assigns scores between 0-100, indicating the risk of cancer recurrence.
Researchers found that adding hormonal treatment during chemotherapy reduced the risk of premature ovarian failure by 45% and increased pregnancy rates among young breast cancer patients. The use of LHRHa could be a potential standard strategy to preserve ovarian function and fertility in hormone receptor positive breast cancers.
A Phase 2 open-label study found that brentuximab vedotin achieved a high response rate, including complete remissions, in older Hodgkin lymphoma patients unfit for chemotherapy. The treatment was generally well-tolerated, with peripheral sensory neuropathy being the most common adverse event.
Researchers found that patients with lower baseline microbial diversity are more likely to develop infections during chemotherapy. Monitoring the microbiome could help doctors predict infection risk and reduce antibiotic overuse.
The Women's Antiretroviral Efficacy and Safety Study found that women receiving Stribild had a higher rate of HIV suppression compared to those on ritonavir-boosted atazanavir plus Truvada. No one on Stribild developed resistant mutations, in contrast to three women in the comparator group.
Researchers have identified a potential new way to predict which patients with head and neck cancer may benefit most from chemotherapy. The use of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI scans has shown that tumour blood flow can predict response to treatment, with patients having high blood flow more likely to respond.
Researchers found a biomarker that can predict which HER2-negative breast cancer patients will respond to bevacizumab treatment, allowing for early switch to more effective options. This discovery could spare patients from severe side effects and improve overall survival rates.
Researchers at UI Health have successfully transplanted stem cells from healthy siblings into adult patients with sickle cell disease, achieving a 92% cure rate and eliminating the need for chemotherapy. The procedure offers a new prospect for adults with the disease, who previously had limited treatment options.
Researchers identified associations between genetic variants and differential drug response in patients of Hispanic and Caucasian ethnicity. The study found that genetic ancestry strongly influences a person's response to anticancer drug treatments, with notable associations for drugs like temozolomide and etoposide.
Researchers successfully synthesized a more immediate and potent precursor to the chemotherapy agent etoposide using genetically modified tobacco. The new compound outperforms podophyllotoxin, a slow-growing Himalayan plant-based ingredient, in treating various malignancies.
A clinical trial using Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy found the treatment to be safe for patients with advanced small cell and non-small cell lung cancer. The study, led by Dr. Glen Weiss, presented initial results from 12 lung cancer patients enrolled in the 'PembroPlus' clinical trial.
Seizures are a common occurrence in childhood brain tumor survivors, affecting 24% at the start and 14% on an ongoing basis. Certain factors such as tumor type and extent of surgery contribute to seizure risk, impacting treatment management.
Researchers have found three new drug-like compounds that target a protein responsible for chemotherapy resistance in cancers, offering hope for improved treatment options. The compounds have shown promise in re-sensitizing resistant cancer cells to chemotherapy, improving the odds of survival for prostate cancer patients.
The study reveals that drugs behave as predicted in the computer-generated model of P-gp, allowing researchers to understand how they bind and inhibit the protein. This breakthrough enables scientists to predict better what will make an inhibitor work, potentially leading to new cancer treatments.
Researchers at UC San Diego School of Medicine identified a new pathway that causes resistance to treatments, and developed a therapeutic drug that targets this pathway. The drug, KG5, inhibits the pathway and increases survival rates among patients with aggressive cancers.
A study of 44,044 Medicare patients with early-stage breast cancer found that the 21-gene recurrence score assay was associated with decreased chemotherapy use in high-risk patients and increased use in low-risk patients. The genetic test appeared to influence chemotherapy use regardless of age.
A recent study suggests that nitroglycerin could be repurposed as an anti-cancer treatment by improving tumor oxygenation and delivering anticancer drugs. The medication, traditionally used for chest pain, has excellent potential for patient benefit without significant side effects.
A recent study published in the Journal of Geriatric Oncology found that 26% of senior oncology patients use complementary or alternative medicines, which can interact with cancer treatments. The study highlights the need for comprehensive screening and documentation of CAM use in older cancer patients.
Researchers found that patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who retained genetic mutations after chemotherapy were more likely to relapse and die. This approach to genetic profiling could help predict prognosis and determine treatment response, potentially improving outcomes for AML patients.
Research found that persistent genetic mutations in at least 5% of bone marrow cells are associated with increased risk of relapse and reduced overall survival for leukemia patients. The study provides a foundation for genomic methods to risk stratify patients with acute myeloid leukemia.
Researchers at VIB and KU Leuven found that inhibiting PHD1 prevents p53 activation, leading to improved response to chemotherapy in colorectal cancer cells. This discovery offers new therapeutic potential for increasing sensitivity to chemotherapeutic treatments.
A study published in the Journal of American Geriatrics Society found that chemotherapy's effectiveness in prolonging life for older adults with most types of cancer is reduced for women over 80 with breast cancer. However, combining chemotherapy with another treatment may improve mortality risk reduction for this age group.
Researchers discovered that treating tumors with chemotherapy can trigger a response in the immune system, leading to tumor growth. By combining chemotherapy with an immune-blocking drug, they found that this response could be slowed, potentially preventing tumor regrowth.
A new algorithm developed by InSilico Medicine has the potential to improve the effectiveness of targeted therapy for cancer patients. The algorithm predicts whether a specific drug will work for an individual patient based on activation of intracellular regulatory pathways.
Patients with metastatic prostate cancer who received a two-drug combination of chemotherapy and hormone blocker lived longer than those on hormone-blocker alone, surviving for 57.6 months versus 44 months. The treatment also delayed disease progression by six months.
ATF3 is a critical protein that helps repair DNA damage and prevent cancer. When cells experience stress, ATF3 binds to the Tip60 protein, promoting DNA repair and cell response. The study suggests that increasing ATF3 levels could lead to new cancer therapies.
Researchers have developed a new drug, CCT245737, that blocks cancer's escape route from chemotherapy, boosting its effectiveness in treating lung and pancreatic cancers. The drug, a CHK1 inhibitor, demonstrates significant anti-cancer activity when combined with chemotherapy in mice.
A study published in JAMA Oncology found that chemotherapy was associated with worse quality of life near death for patients who could still perform many life functions. The researchers concluded that chemotherapy use may be unnecessary and potentially harmful for patients with progressive metastatic disease.
A Phase I research study is underway to develop a vaccine that could prevent recurrence of some childhood cancers in patients who have relapsed after surgery, chemotherapy and radiation. The trial has enrolled three patients so far and aims to stimulate the immune system to attack specific tumor proteins.
The trial showed that early FDG-PET-positive patients benefit from intensification of chemotherapy, leading to improved progression-free survival rates. However, omitting involved-node radiotherapy in early PET-negative patients did not demonstrate non-inferiority to the standard treatment in terms of progression-free survival.
Researchers at Cancer Research UK have identified a protein called Bcl-xL that helps cancer cells survive chemotherapy. Combining drugs targeting Bcl-xL with taxanes showed increased killing of cancer cells in the lab. This combination could improve treatment for patients receiving taxanes and reduce side effects.
Researchers found that a silver coating on catheters breaks down chemotherapy drugs, reducing treatment effectiveness. In contrast, graphene was shown not to react with the drugs, making it a promising alternative for medical equipment coatings.
Researchers developed a method to optically control microtubule inhibitor drugs with high spatial precision, allowing for targeted treatment of cancer cells. The technique uses blue light to switch on and off the drugs, eliminating systemic side effects and improving therapeutic efficacy.
Researchers found that intermittent dosing with rapamycin selectively breaks the cascade of inflammatory events triggered by cellular senescence, providing proof-of-principal for a new treatment paradigm. The study shows that once disrupted, it takes time for the inflammatory loop to reestablish, offering hope for a safer and more effe...
Scientists discover that Methotrexate, commonly used for arthritis, can also treat myeloproliferative neoplasms with fewer side effects and lower costs. This repurposed treatment could revolutionize the care of patients worldwide.
Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and quadruple wild-type genes showed significant benefit from continuing anti-EGFR therapy beyond progression. Second-line cetuximab plus FOLFOX chemotherapy improved progression-free survival, response rate, and overall survival in patients without genetic mutations.
The SENRI trial found that NK1 antagonists significantly increased the inhibition rate of vomiting and nausea, especially in females. The three-drug combination therapy of aprepitant, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, and dexamethasone may be a good antiemetic treatment option for oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in patients with colorectal c...
Researchers at Ohio State University developed nanoparticles coated with chitosan that effectively target and kill cancer stem-like cells. The study found that these nanoparticles can increase the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin without systemic toxic side effects.
Dr. Maurizio D'Incalci receives the first Pezcoller-Prodi Award in recognition of his work on translational cancer research and therapeutic oncology. The award highlights his contributions to the development of novel anticancer drugs, including trabectedin.
Researchers identified two genes, ERCC1 and TS, that can predict positive response to chemotherapy and longer survival times in metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Low levels of these genes are associated with improved survival rates when treated with oxaliplatin, while high levels may require irinotecan as the first treatment choice.
A phase III clinical trial shows necitumumab significantly improves median overall survival in stage IV squamous non-small cell lung cancer patients. The drug's 'fully human' EGFR antibody approach demonstrates potential as a novel immunotherapy strategy.
A small clinical trial found that men with advanced prostate cancer and the AR-V7 gene variant respond to chemotherapy just as well as those without the variant. The study's findings may lead to improved treatment decision-making for patients with prostate cancer.
A new study found that patients with mutated IDH genes living with anaplastic astrocytoma had a significantly longer average lifespan compared to those without the mutation. The study also suggested that radiation therapy plus temozolomide may be more effective for patients with mutated IDH.
Intravenous nutrition source Intralipid reduces chemotherapy side effects by increasing drug bioavailability and targeting cancer treatment, allowing more drugs to reach tumor sites and reducing toxicity.
Researchers found that graphene prevents damage to chemotherapy drugs and reduces potential for catheters breaking, potentially improving treatment efficacy. Graphene's biocompatibility and low toxicity make it a promising alternative coating material.
Clinical trials demonstrate improved survival rates for patients with metastatic melanoma using immune therapies nivolumab and pembrolizumab. These treatments target the 'don't attack' protein PDL1 on tumors, allowing the immune system to prime against tumor tissue.