Articles tagged with Chemotherapy
Researchers at Rockefeller University have captured atomic images of the herpes simplex 1 virus revealing how it inserts itself into another protein to evade detection by immune cells. The study provides a mechanistic explanation for the virus's ability to escape immune system recognition.
A portable method to detect tainted medicines and supplements has been developed by a CWRU researcher, potentially improving public health globally. The device uses Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance spectroscopy to authenticate good medicines and supplements, while also addressing the issue of counterfeit products.
A study by University of Minnesota researchers identified the mechanism of 5-azacytidine, a DNA-based drug that blocks HIV's ability to spread. The drug converts to a DNA form and infiltrates HIV when it turns RNA into DNA, stopping replication.
Experts have issued a framework to guide difficult prioritization decisions among children in need of scarce life-saving chemotherapy treatment. The modified utilitarian model maximizes total benefit from available supply, considering factors like curability, prognosis, and drug importance.
Microtubules can spontaneously form large networks through the interaction of motor proteins. This self-organization is crucial for cell division and may inspire new materials and drug designs. Researchers developed a model describing this behavior, which could lead to breakthroughs in biology and material science.
A three-year study funded by PCORI investigates the safety and patient preferences of discharge strategies after chemotherapy for children with acute myeloid leukemia. The study aims to gather data on bloodstream infections and chemotherapy delays to inform better care for these vulnerable patients.
Chemotherapy can reduce the body's immune response, leaving breast cancer survivors vulnerable to illnesses. Researchers found that levels of lymphocytes and antibodies dropped significantly after chemotherapy, with only partial recovery in some cases.
Researchers have identified a biomarker, CDX2, that can predict which Stage II colon cancer patients are most likely to benefit from chemotherapy after surgery. The study found that patients without CDX2 had poorer outcomes, but those treated with chemotherapy had improved survival rates.
A new treatment model recommends aggressive surgery followed by targeted chemotherapy to achieve a 50% cure rate for women with advanced-stage ovarian cancer. This approach differs from current conventional treatments, which often result in a 20% survival rate.
A new biomarker, CDX2, has been identified that predicts which stage II colon cancer patients may benefit from chemotherapy. The study found that tumors lacking CDX2 expression were more likely to benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy than those with CDX2 expression.
Researchers have discovered a way to light up a common cancer drug, allowing them to see where the chemo goes and how long it takes to get there. This breakthrough could lead to more personalized medicine and better understanding of how cells interact with drugs.
Researchers developed a device that produces tiny capsules with multiple inner ingredients, which can be triggered to mix and release toxic product only near the tumor site. The method has shown promise for increasing drug efficiency while reducing side effects in cancer treatment.
Researchers from the Repurposing Drugs in Oncology project have found that diclofenac, a common painkiller, has significant anti-cancer properties. The study suggests that existing non-cancer drugs may represent a valuable source of novel therapies for cancer treatment.
Scientists have developed a new strategy for constructing highly specific synthetic pores using DNA, which can control the release of therapeutics. The pores are designed to act like doors, opening only when provided with the right key, allowing for precise targeting of drugs to specific tissues.
A new study reveals that docetaxel retains effectiveness in patients with castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer (mCRPC) treated with abiraterone. Following abiraterone, 40% of patients experienced a 50% reduction in prostate-specific antigen (PSA), demonstrating the activity of this drug sequencing.
A study by CNIC researchers has identified a new mechanism through which blood stem cells regulate their proliferation and microenvironment. The protein ESL-1 controls the production of TGF-, a cytokine with antiproliferative properties, and is essential for maintaining HSCs in diseases like anemia.
Researchers from Colorado State University have discovered that RNA plays a crucial role in DNA damage, leading to mutations and disease. The study sheds light on the mechanisms behind Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome and has implications for cancer research.
A study found that women with breast cancer who received chemotherapy and triptorelin had a higher long-term probability of ovarian function recovery without affecting pregnancy rates or disease-free survival. The treatment showed modest benefits regarding potential prevention of treatment-associated infertility.
Researchers have developed models to rationalize the action of chemotherapeutic molecules on body cells, enabling better understanding of how drugs interact with biological targets. The study aims to improve the design of new therapeutic molecules, resulting in more effective and side-effect-free drugs.
The LUX-Lung 7 trial shows afatinib significantly improved progression-free survival, time-to-treatment failure and objective response rate compared to gefitinib. Afatinib is considered the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor of choice for first-line treatment in patients with EGFR mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer.
Researchers discovered that aggressive tumors hijack an export pathway in cells to lay the groundwork for cancer progression and resistance to chemotherapy. Blocking this pathway may help restore tumor vulnerability to chemotherapy.
Researchers found that combining TTFields with chemotherapy significantly improved progression-free and overall survival for patients with glioblastoma. The study, published in JAMA, suggests a potential new treatment approach for this devastating brain tumor.
A recent study published in Endocrinology Today holds promise for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy to protect their fertility and defense systems. Researchers found that the potent humanin analogue (HNG) protected male germ cells and white blood cells, reducing infertility and infection susceptibility.
A new study from MD Anderson Cancer Center found that delaying chemotherapy after surgery increases the risk of death for breast cancer patients, particularly those with triple-negative breast cancer. Patients who start treatment within 90 days have a lower risk of death compared to those who delay it.
Studies found that patients with delayed breast cancer surgery and chemotherapy had poorer overall and disease-specific survival rates. A delay of up to 90 days in receiving chemotherapy was associated with no adverse outcomes, but prolonged delays led to increased risks of death from the disease.
A phase III trial found that capecitabine improved disease-free survival for women with HER2-negative breast cancer that was not eliminated by presurgery chemotherapy. The study showed a 30% reduced risk of disease recurrence compared to standard therapy.
A phase III trial found that women with luminal A subtype of breast cancer had comparable 10-year disease-free survival rates regardless of whether or not they received adjuvant chemotherapy. In contrast, patients with non-luminal A subtypes who received chemotherapy were 50% less likely to have their disease recur in 10 years.
Adding carboplatin to presurgery chemotherapy significantly improved disease-free survival rates for patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The study found that patients with pathologic complete responses had the lowest risk of relapse, supporting the use of carboplatin as a standard part of neoadjuvant therapy regimens.
A clinical trial showed midostaurin, a multi-kinase inhibitor, improved the five-year survival rate of patients with high-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who carry the FLT-3 gene mutation. The treatment resulted in a 50.9% survival rate compared to 43.9% for those without the mutation.
Midostaurin has been shown to improve the five-year survival rate of patients with high-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who carry the FLT-3 gene mutation. The clinical trial found that midostaurin added to standard chemotherapy reduced the risk of death by 23% compared to placebo, resulting in a 50.9% five-year survival rate.
A recent study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that ibrutinib, a targeted drug, was superior to chlorambucil in treating chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients. The study showed improved progression-free survival, overall response rate, and overall survival rates for patients taking ibrutinib.
UC Davis researchers have made significant progress in tumor treatment by combining guided ultrasound with nanoparticle chemotherapy, resulting in improved survival and consistent cure rates. The technique allows for complete destruction of tumors without thermal damage to surrounding tissue.
Breast cancer patients treated with anthracycline-based chemotherapy experienced lower verbal memory and default mode brain network connectivity compared to non-chemotherapy groups. Cognitive dysfunction was also elevated in both treatment groups, highlighting the need for further research into chemotherapy-related neurotoxic effects.
Researchers at National Research Tomsk State University found that neoadjuvant chemotherapy can stimulate evolution of the tumor, leading to resistance and metastasis. The study analyzed biopsies from women with breast cancer before and after surgery, revealing a 23% increase in new tumor formation.
A recent Yale University study found that black women with stage I-III cancer are less responsive to neoadjuvant chemotherapy compared to other racial groups. Despite presenting with more advanced-stage and aggressive tumors, the findings suggest biologic differences or disparities in treatment may be contributing factors.
The International Society of Neurogastronomy Symposium brought together scientists, chefs, and patients to explore ways to improve quality of life for those with altered taste or smell. Chefs and neuroscientists collaborated on the 'Applied Neurogastronomy Challenge' to create dishes that appealed to cancer patients.
Researchers at Brigham Young University create a system to speed up vaccine production by storing the biological machinery in a freeze-dried state. This allows labs to rapidly produce vaccines with just the addition of water, reducing the time from months to days.
A new study published in JAMA-Oncology found that a personalized approach to treating chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting is more effective than the existing 'one size fits all' guidelines. Patients at higher risk of nausea and vomiting due to personal factors such as age, pregnancy history, or travel sickness showed significant i...
A study at MD Anderson Cancer Center found that suppressing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in combination with gemcitabine may boost the drug's effectiveness against pancreatic cancer. EMT suppression leads to impaired sensitivity to chemotherapy, causing poor prognosis and metastasis.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that a small dose of dexrazoxane protected ovarian function and fertility in mice after chemotherapy. The treatment also increased survival rates and reduced toxicity, providing new hope for young cancer patients.
A Grand Valley State University nursing faculty member is presenting research on the effectiveness of text messaging for medication adherence among older adults. The study found that enrolling patients through a specialty pharmacy resulted in higher enrollment rates, and that adults over 60 were more likely to participate.
Researchers from IMIM and partner institutions developed a new integrated computational method to predict adverse drug reactions more reliably. The method combines structure-based detection of labile fragments with information on the mechanism of action of the drug, resulting in improved ability to foresee possible adverse effects.
A study published in Human Pathology found that lung cancer patients without the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (pRB) experience significantly improved survival rates when undergoing chemotherapy. The absence of pRB was detected in 15% of patients, with a 92% 5-year survival rate compared to 49% for those with the protein.
Researchers discovered that a protective mechanism in egg cells prevents DNA-damaged eggs from being fertilized. This checkpoint helps prevent birth defects and miscarriages caused by damaged DNA. The study's findings offer new insights into the causes of infertility, birth defects, and spontaneous miscarriage.
Researchers at the University of Georgia have discovered a mechanism that could lead to better ovarian cancer treatment by targeting chemoresistance. The RGS10 protein impacts the effectiveness of chemotherapy, and manipulating its expression can improve treatment outcomes.
Washington State University researchers have developed a unique protein cage to deliver chemotherapy directly to cancer cells, showing promising results in killing over 70% of lung cancer cells. The system selectively targets cancer cells without attacking healthy cells, potentially reducing side effects.
Scientists at MIT have found a mechanism by which cancer cells develop resistance to chemotherapy drugs. The MK2 pathway takes over when p53 is disabled, allowing cells to continue dividing even with extensive DNA damage. Measuring the levels of specific RNAs could help predict patients' response to chemotherapy.
Researchers report that up to half of surgical site infections and over a quarter of infections after cancer chemotherapy are caused by resistant bacteria. The study predicts that reducing antibiotic efficacy could lead to 120,000 more infections and 6,300 infection-related deaths annually in the USA.
Case Western Reserve University researcher Efstathios Karathanasis has received a $2.82 million grant to develop a treatment that eradicates glioblastoma multiforme with one safe dose. The treatment uses chain-like nanoparticles carrying chemotherapy medicine and inhibitors to target brain tumor cells.
Researchers at VCU Massey Cancer Center found that depleting CHD4 protein makes AML cells more susceptible to chemotherapy agents, reducing DNA damage repair and tumor-forming properties.
Computational models suggest a new design for nanoparticles used in targeted drug delivery. The researchers proposed making more stable liposomes by incorporating a nanoparticle core and polymer tethers, which acts as a hub-and-spoke-like scaffold that helps the liposome to weather stresses and strains.
Researchers develop new targeted delivery method using silk sponge to reduce chemotherapy's toxic effects on children with neuroblastoma. The approach slows tumor growth and reduces systemic toxicity, offering a promising alternative to traditional chemotherapy.
A study of 129 children born after prenatal exposure to cancer treatment found normal mental and heart function, contradicting fears that chemotherapy would harm fetal development. However, premature birth was more frequent among these children than in the general population, suggesting avoiding prematurity is key.
A major study published in the New England Journal of Medicine has identified a 21-gene test that can determine which breast cancer patients can safely avoid chemotherapy. The test, called Oncotype DX Recurrence Score, analyzes tumor samples and assigns scores between 0-100, indicating the risk of cancer recurrence.
A phase 3 clinical trial found that immunotherapy drug nivolumab improved overall survival and reduced toxicities compared to chemotherapy drug docetaxel for patients with non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer. The results suggest that nivolumab is a promising option for patients whose lung cancer progresses after initial treatment.
A phase I trial of rovalpituzumab tesirine has shown promising results in treating small cell lung cancer, with 34% of patients experiencing a partial response and 31% experiencing disease stabilisation. The drug targets DLL3, a protein highly expressed in SCLCs.
Researchers found that adding hormonal treatment during chemotherapy reduced the risk of premature ovarian failure by 45% and increased pregnancy rates among young breast cancer patients. The use of LHRHa could be a potential standard strategy to preserve ovarian function and fertility in hormone receptor positive breast cancers.
A Phase 2 open-label study found that brentuximab vedotin achieved a high response rate, including complete remissions, in older Hodgkin lymphoma patients unfit for chemotherapy. The treatment was generally well-tolerated, with peripheral sensory neuropathy being the most common adverse event.
Researchers found that patients with lower baseline microbial diversity are more likely to develop infections during chemotherapy. Monitoring the microbiome could help doctors predict infection risk and reduce antibiotic overuse.
The Women's Antiretroviral Efficacy and Safety Study found that women receiving Stribild had a higher rate of HIV suppression compared to those on ritonavir-boosted atazanavir plus Truvada. No one on Stribild developed resistant mutations, in contrast to three women in the comparator group.