Articles tagged with Eye Diseases
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A recent UCI study found profound similarities between humans and insects in producing the critical light-absorbing molecule of the retina, 11-cis-retinal. The research provides new insights into retinal disease origins and potential therapeutic targets, with implications for understanding loss-of-function mutations in RPE65.
Researchers have discovered a previously unknown mechanism behind immune tolerance, where B cells teach T cells to ignore the body's own proteins. This failure can lead to autoimmune diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis-like Neuromyelitis optica.
A study published in Nature Communications has identified key genes, biological processes, and cell types that may contribute to the development of primary open-angle glaucoma. The research highlights potential mechanisms involving gene expression, cellular regulation, and vascular development.
Researchers developed a compact, cost-effective PA sensing instrument for biomedical tissue diagnosis, showcasing its potential to streamline sampling processes and improve diagnostic accuracy for breast disease. The instrument successfully differentiated various tissue types based on quantitative spectral parameters.
University of Melbourne researchers have received a $35 million grant to develop a world-first tissue engineered cornea to treat corneal blindness. The technology has the potential to provide corneal tissue to surgeons worldwide, including countries with limited eye banks.
Researchers have discovered a key enzyme that stops cancer cell death and found it plays a pro-survival function in cancer cells. This finding provides crucial information for developing new cancer-fighting strategies.
Researchers used fMRI to assess brain responses to lights stimulating only cone cells in dogs with different types of retinal diseases. The study found that gene augmentation therapy restored response in cortex to black and white stimulation, making this disease a promising one for photoreceptor cell replacement treatment.
Researchers studied how epithelial cells sense small changes in their environment using ion channels. They found that even small movements can trigger rapid intracellular calcium changes via mechanosensitive cation channels, which play a key role in touch sensation and other physiological functions.
A study combines retinal imaging, genetics, and big data to estimate the likelihood of developing eye and systemic diseases. The researchers identified significant associations between retinal layer thickness and increased risk of various diseases, including ocular, neuropsychiatric, cardiac, metabolic, and pulmonary diseases.
Researchers found that 94% of patients with posterior cortical atrophy had Alzheimer's pathology, while only 70% of those with memory loss did. Early identification of PCA may lead to better treatment options for Alzheimer's patients.
A new analysis focusing on people of African ancestry identified three gene variants linked to glaucoma, including two likely causal variants and one associated with cup-to-disc ratio. The study's findings could enhance early screening and personalized therapeutic interventions for this population.
A recent study has identified two novel gene variants linked to primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in individuals of African descent. The analysis of 11,275 individuals revealed that these variants are more common in people of African ancestry and contribute to the disease's pathophysiology.
A new type of contact lens has been developed to diagnose glaucoma by monitoring eye pressure, providing a more accurate diagnosis and easier treatment. The lenses contain micro-sensors that track changes in intraocular pressure over several hours, sending the data wirelessly for analysis by an ophthalmologist.
A new study published in Nature Communications found that AI-driven eye exams can close care gaps among racial and ethnic minority youth with diabetes, populations with historically higher rates of diabetic retinopathy. The technology uses cameras to take pictures of the back of the eye without dilation and provides immediate results.
A pioneering study published in The American Journal of Pathology reveals the cytoprotective and proregenerative effects of neuropeptide α-MSH in promoting corneal healing after eye injury. The treatment has shown impressive therapeutic potential in reducing the need for corneal transplants.
Researchers identified Elovanoid-34, a molecule that modulates the activity of TXNRD1 protein, which regulates antioxidant defenses. This discovery opens new therapeutic avenues for degenerative brain and eye diseases, as well as promoting healthy aging.
Researchers used AI to analyze electroretinogram signals from children's eyes, identifying unique features associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The test, completed within 10 minutes, shows promise for diagnosing ASD more accurately and efficiently than current methods.
Researchers develop a versatile imaging system for targeted spectroscopy in the eye fundus, allowing for continuous color imaging and spectral measurements. The system enables users to select targets and move them to any location within the eye fundus region without realignment or fixation changes.
Researchers discovered that Nectandrin B, a bioactive lignan compound from nutmeg, extends the lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster by as much as 42.6%. The study found that Nectandrin B reduces intracellular ROS levels and improves age-related symptoms such as locomotive deterioration and neurodegeneration.
Researchers at NIH mapped the 3D organization of genetic material in human retinal formation, revealing a dynamic process that regulates gene expression. The findings lay a foundation for understanding clinical traits in many eye diseases.
A novel study has implicated granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in both bronchopulmonary dysplasia and retinopathy of prematurity, making it a promising therapeutic candidate. G-CSF deficiency was shown to protect against these diseases, suggesting wide-ranging protection.
Scientists at Johns Hopkins Medicine have identified a molecular pathway involving oxidative stress and the protein HIF-1 that contributes to both wet and dry age-related macular degeneration. Researchers found that while HIF-1 promotes blood vessel growth in retinal cells, it also protects against cell death in advanced dry AMD.
A study of over 50,000 Korean adolescents found that those using smartphones for more than 4 hours a day had higher rates of stress, thoughts of suicide, and substance use. In contrast, lighter users showed no greater health risks compared to non-users.
Researchers have developed a light-activatable prodrug nanomedicine that combines anti-angiogenic and photodynamic therapy to treat wet AMD. The treatment is minimally invasive and shows excellent therapeutic efficacy without side effects.
Researchers have successfully converted human retinal cells, specifically Muller glia, into neurons in a lab setting using an artificial fish-like genetic program. This breakthrough could potentially serve as a new source of neurons to treat vision loss caused by disease or trauma.
A multidisciplinary team at Mass Eye and Ear has identified a promising new strategy for glaucoma cell replacement therapy by guiding stem cells to the retina. The researchers created RGCs out of stem cells and used chemokines to guide them to their correct positions within the retina.
Researchers Reshmi Parameswaran and Carlos Subauste at Case Western Reserve University have received funding for their work on finding new treatments for B-cell cancer and diabetic retinopathy, a leading cause of blindness. They aim to develop more effective cell therapies and inhibitors to treat these diseases.
Researchers at the University of Arizona College of Medicine – Tucson used stem cell technology to improve research models for Parkinson’s disease, uncovering clues that may help scientists detect the condition earlier and develop better treatments.
Researchers at Nagoya University identified the link between iron and blindness caused by ocular toxoplasmosis, a parasite affecting one-third of the world's population. Controlling iron levels has shown promise as a potential cure.
A new study by Anglia Ruskin University and University of Oxford highlights the lack of clinical research on severe sight impairment (SSI) among working-age individuals in the UK. The study finds that inherited retinal disorders, such as IRDs, are under-researched despite being a leading cause of SSI certifications in this population.
A new international clinical trial found that a drug candidate is highly effective in treating Acanthamoeba keratitis with medical cure rates of 87%, reducing the risk of poor visual outcomes and surgery. The treatment, low concentration polihexanide (PHMB 0.08%), follows a novel and evidence-based protocol.
A large data study suggests extending annual screens to 2 years for those at 'low risk' of diabetic eye disease could lead to critical delays in treatment and/or sight loss. The research, based on a diverse database, found that Black people are significantly more likely to develop sight-threatening diabetic eye disease.
Researchers have developed a novel approach, REVeRT, to efficiently transport large genes using dual AAV vectors at the transcript level. This new method offers increased efficiency, fewer side effects, and greater flexibility compared to existing strategies.
Researchers developed a novel 'pseudo cell' formulation using self-healing microcapsule-loading exosomes to treat diverse vitreoretinal diseases. The treatment demonstrated therapeutic benefits in both murine and nonhuman primate models, offering potential for improved patient compliance.
A retrospective study found that research staff of the same race or ethnicity as patients increased consent rates by 65.1% compared to those of a different race or ethnicity. Employing diverse research teams can improve trust and engagement among potential study participants, according to researchers.
Stanford Medicine researchers developed a technique to measure ocular aging using artificial intelligence, predicting disease triggers and revealing new targets for therapies. The study found that certain proteins accelerate aging in each disease, potentially leading to personalized treatments.
A team of researchers has created a 'proteomic clock' that can predict a healthy person's age based on their protein profile, revealing accelerated aging due to diseases. The study also detected proteins associated with Parkinson's disease in eye fluid, offering a potential pathway for earlier diagnoses.
A new UK study finds that people with eating disorders are 2.11 times more likely to report physical multimorbidity. Anxiety, insomnia, and perceived stress are key influencers in this relationship.
Mutations in the EMC1 gene are associated with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR), a severe ocular condition. The discovery highlights the pivotal role of EMC1 in retinal blood vessel development via the Wnt signaling pathway.
A recent human study found that grape consumption improved key markers of eye health in older adults, including increased Macular Pigment Optical Density (MPOD) and reduced AGEs. Regular grape intake was also shown to increase plasma antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content.
Researchers analyzed UK data to identify patterns of illnesses in individuals leading up to a type 2 diabetes diagnosis. High blood pressure, respiratory tract infections, heart conditions, and asthma were commonly observed, suggesting earlier diagnosis may be possible.
Brazilian researchers screened 160 existing drugs and identified six compounds effective against Toxoplasma gondii. Almitrine, a COPD treatment, showed significant reduction in brain parasite load. Further studies are needed to repurpose these drugs for toxoplasmosis treatment.
A new compound developed at the University of Illinois Chicago potentially offers an alternative to injections for wet age-related macular degeneration, a leading cause of blindness. The drug targets End Binding-3 and has been shown to reverse damage and promote regenerative processes in animal models.
Researchers identified abnormal keratin expression patterns in senescent ocular surface cells, which may contribute to severe ocular surface diseases. Gene expression profiles showed substantial differences between senescent and non-senescent cells, highlighting their potential role in pathology.
A significant increase in the need for treatment of eye diseases is expected due to the growing elderly population. The number of patients requiring anti-VEGF medication is projected to rise by 50% over the next five years.
Researchers at Moffitt will develop novel targeted alpha-particle therapies for uveal melanoma and other rare melanomas. The grant will fund projects aimed at advancing the therapy's efficacy and personalizing its treatment.
Researchers have identified a new mechanism of blindness caused by the lack of CERKL gene, leading to permanent retinal stress and cell death. This discovery opens the door to future treatments based on precision medicine.
A team of researchers at Utah State University has successfully created an in vitro model of Bruch's membrane, a layer in the retina that deteriorates with age. The model uses hagfish slime proteins to replicate the natural aging process and disease progression, providing a valuable tool for studying age-related macular degeneration.
Researchers developed a new imaging technique using Bessel beam two-photon microscopy to detect stalling in brain capillaries, which can indicate acute neurological issues. The approach generates clear images of all capillaries every two seconds, providing better temporal resolution and enabling the detection of short stalling events.
Researchers developed an AI foundation model for eye care that can identify sight-threatening eye diseases and predict general health. The model, RETFound, was trained on millions of eye scans from the NHS and outperforms existing state-of-the-art AI systems across complex clinical tasks.
A new imaging technique, multifocal acoustic radiation force-based reverberant optical coherence elastography (RevOCE), has been developed to measure the elasticity of multiple eye components simultaneously. This approach offers high resolution measurements of the stiffness of eye structures and could revolutionize how we study ocular ...
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) decreases essential fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), limiting protective molecule formation and repair potential. The discovery may open new therapeutic avenues for AMD, particularly in females, who are more susceptible to retinal degeneration due to estrogen effects.
A study by Lena Havstam Johansson found that nearly 5% of 70-year-olds had undiagnosed glaucoma, which damages the optic nerve and affects vision. Those with glaucoma reported poorer quality of life due to impaired vision, leading them to avoid social activities and feel frustrated.
A team of UC Irvine scientists discovered a llama-derived antibody called a nanobody that can halt Rhodopsin's misfolding and activation, potentially treating Retinitis Pigmentosa. This breakthrough offers new hope for targeting gene therapies for the condition.
The research team created a multi-spectral, super-low-dose photoacoustic microscopy system with improved sensitivity, enabling new applications and clinical translation. The system achieved up to capillary-level or sub-cellular resolution at greater depths than traditional optical microscopy methods.
Researchers at UCL and NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre have developed a gene therapy that significantly reduces hearing loss in mice with Norrie disease. The treatment, which restores the missing norrin protein, has shown improved blood vessel structure and protected sensory hairs in the inner ear.
A study at the University of Gothenburg found that preterm babies given a supplement with omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids had improved visual function by age 2.5. The supplement also seemed to improve the brain's ability to interpret visual impressions.
Scientists at NTU Singapore have developed a flexible, human cornea-thin battery that can store electricity from saline solution. The battery could power smart contact lenses with displays and augmented reality capabilities.
Researchers have successfully transplanted human microglia cells into mouse retina, creating a model for studying treatments for diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration. The study demonstrates the potential of microglial replacement therapy to treat retinal and central nervous system diseases.
A study published in Neurology has identified markers of Parkinson's disease in eye scans, detecting the condition up to seven years before clinical presentation. Researchers used AI-powered analysis of retinal images from two large datasets to uncover subtle changes associated with Parkinson's.