Articles tagged with Gastroenteritis
Researchers have discovered that compounds from seaweed can block norovirus infection by creating a shield in the human body. Fucoidan, a compound found in brown seaweed, showed the strongest blocking activity against two major norovirus strains, GII.4 and GII.17.
Researchers at PolyU have developed an acid-resistant, ultra-stable mucus-inspired hydrogel that significantly improves gastrointestinal wound healing in animals and outperforms a clinically approved mucosal protectant. The hydrogel's potential for commercialization is high due to its low cost, ease of production, and established safet...
Researchers have created a simple and efficient system to understand norovirus gene functions, enabling the development of antivirals and vaccines. The new method involves injecting norovirus cDNA clones into zebrafish embryos to generate infectious human noroviruses.
A new review article highlights the need for effective control and prevention strategies for sexually transmitted gut infections, which can persist longer and be harder to treat. The authors emphasize the importance of prompt diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and community-level education and testing.
Researchers found that specific nutrient supplements like amino acids, probiotics, and herbs like ginger can effectively reduce nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Dietary counseling also showed promise in reducing common GI side effects. Oral nutritional supplements, however, did not demonstrate benefits in easing symptoms.
A researcher at Kennesaw State University is creating digital twins of the human stomach using advanced medical imaging, biomechanics testing, and computational modeling. This could lead to a better understanding of gastrointestinal disorders and more accurate diagnoses.
Researchers from ASU and international collaborators tested a handheld DNA sequencing device at six chicken slaughterhouses in Indonesia. The study found signs of antibiotic-resistant bacteria spreading from wastewater into nearby rivers, highlighting the need for targeted solutions to reduce its spread.
A new study by Hokkaido University found that colder temperatures significantly increase the risk of gastroenteritis among Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh's Kutupalong and Nayapara camps. The study reveals a link between temperature changes and gastroenteritis risk, with both extreme cold and heat contributing to higher numbers of cases.
Researchers found that rotavirus protein NSP4 is necessary and sufficient for disrupting calcium signaling in infected and uninfected cells, affecting disease severity. Manipulating NSP4 could lead to new approaches to prevent or treat rotavirus infections.
Scientists at Baylor College of Medicine have identified liquid-like condensates as replication hubs for human norovirus. These biomolecular structures are dynamic and can merge or divide, exchanging materials with their surroundings.
Providencia rustigianii carries a type III secretion system and cytolethal distending toxin virulence gene, increasing its pathogenicity, similar to Salmonella.
A new study by UCL researchers surveyed 1,114 UK women aged 16-80 who enjoy cold water swimming, finding most swim in the sea year-round and that longer swims occur in summer. The authors highlight pollution risks and call for improved safety measures and accessibility.
The research aims to develop a new method for detecting foodborne viruses like norovirus and hepatitis A in time to prevent or quickly respond to an outbreak. The technology uses magnetic liquids to concentrate viruses from large food samples into smaller volumes, streamlining the detection process.
A pooled data analysis found that IBS symptoms persisted for 6-11 months or more than 5 years in around half of those affected after a bout of gastroenteritis. The analysis also identified certain risk factors, including anxiety and diarrhea lasting over 3 weeks, as contributors to the development of IBS.
A pilot study found that targeted gut-microbiota therapy improved symptoms in almost all patients with post-infection IBS, with 38.5% achieving total remission. The treatment involved a personalised blend of antibiotics, probiotics, and prebiotics tailored to each patient's unique microbiome.
Clinical trials show decreased effectiveness of vancomycin in treating C. diff infection, with reduced cure rates and lower sustained clinical responses associated with antimicrobial resistance. The finding poses a significant concern for the management of C. diff infection, with only two recommended antibiotics available.
Researchers have gained new insights into the development of cells, their communication with each other, and regulation at the gastro-esophageal junction. The study reveals complex cellular communication and signaling pathways, which has significant implications for understanding, preventing, and treating gastrointestinal diseases.
Researchers found that parents who felt misunderstood or not listened to by their doctors were more likely to request out-of-hours consultations. Greater awareness and understanding on the part of GPs about parental feelings and expectations could improve satisfaction with primary health care and reduce after-hours care requests.
Following the COVID-19 pandemic, gastrointestinal viruses such as norovirus and adenovirus remained at very low levels for nearly 2 years. However, they surged back to pre-pandemic levels in late 2022, with adenovirus F40/41 increasing by two-fold.
A new study published in Journal of Clinical Microbiology shows that using multiple PCR panels can identify more pathogens, notably diarrhea-causing E. coli and enteric viruses, and do so more rapidly than a conventional workup. This results in lower healthcare costs, reduced hospitalizations, and decreased antibiotic use.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine discovered that human norovirus GII.4 invades gastrointestinal cells via an unexpected mechanism involving interactions between viral and human cell surface proteins. The findings provide insight into the viral infection process and highlight unique pathways for developing effective therapeutics.
A new study by the University of Exeter reveals two previously unknown Vibrio species in UK waters, which can cause gastroenteritis and skin infections in humans. The increasing range of these bacteria also threatens marine biodiversity and the seafood industry, with potential economic costs estimated at £6 billion annually.
A study found that white children are more likely to receive intravenous fluids and be admitted to the hospital for dehydration than black and Hispanic children. Children from non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, and other racial groups were also less likely to receive these treatments.
A major US study has found that probiotics have no effect on symptoms in young children with gastroenteritis. The study, involving nearly 1,000 children ages 3 months to 4 years, provides evidence against the popular use of probiotics as a treatment for acute gastroenteritis.
A large randomized controlled trial found that probiotics do not improve outcomes for children with acute gastroenteritis. The study, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, suggests that current recommendations to use probiotics for these patients may be outdated.
A recent Canadian study found that probiotics do not help reduce symptoms of gastroenteritis in children, contradicting previous smaller trials. The research recruited almost 900 children and tested two commercially available brands of probiotics.
A new study reveals that heat increases gastroenteritis hospital admissions by 21% and cold by 7%, while rainfall decreases risk by 26%. Temperature plays a significant role in the increase of hospital admissions due to gastroenteritis, with hot temperatures mostly affecting foodborne cases.
A new study found ginger effective in treating vomiting in children with acute gastroenteritis, leading to fewer lost school days and reduced hospitalizations. The trial compared the effectiveness of ginger with a placebo, showing significant reductions in vomiting episodes and school absences.
New culture-independent tests are more sensitive than traditional methods in detecting the cause of infectious diarrhea. However, these tests may detect multiple organisms, requiring infectious disease expertise for interpretation. The IDSA guidelines recommend testing children under 5, elderly individuals, and those with specific symp...
Researchers discovered a strong link between proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and an increased risk of infectious gastroenteritis. People taking PPIs are up to 70% more likely to be hospitalized for this illness. The study used data from the Sax Institute's 45 and Up Study to examine cases in Australians over 45.
The study found that the rotavirus vaccination programme resulted in a significant decrease in GP visits and hospital admissions for acute gastroenteritis, with an estimated 87,376 visits averted in England. This translates to an annual reduction of £12.5 million in healthcare costs.
The discovery of the human aichi virus atomic structure is crucial for understanding its entry into host cells and evolution. The research reveals unique structural features, including a polyproline helix that acts as a recognition motif for binding to the enteric receptor.
A study published in JAMA found that children with mild gastroenteritis and minimal dehydration experienced fewer treatment failures when offered half-strength apple juice followed by their preferred fluid choice compared to those who received electrolyte maintenance solution. The results suggest that diluted apple juice may be an appr...
A recent study by researchers at VIB and KU Leuven in Belgium and the Babraham Institute in the UK discovered that raising a child together has a significant impact on one's immune system. Individuals who co-parented a child showed a 50% reduction in variation between their two immune systems, compared to the wider population.
A new study by Université Laval researchers found that noroviruses responsible for 50% of global gastroenteritis cases can spread through the air up to several meters from an infected person. The discovery suggests that existing measures in hospitals may be insufficient to contain these infections.
A nationwide clinical trial is being conducted to determine whether a commonly used probiotic can safely and effectively treat infants and toddlers with acute gastroenteritis. The five-year study will involve approximately 900 children at various medical centers, assessing symptoms and health outcomes over multiple months.
Norovirus infections contribute substantially to the global burden of acute gastroenteritis, causing both severe and mild cases across all age groups. The virus is highly contagious and can be spread through contaminated food or water and contact with surfaces.
The implementation of infant rotavirus vaccination has substantially reduced gastroenteritis hospitalizations among U.S. children and adults. Significant reductions were observed across all age groups, with the greatest declines seen in the late winter and early spring of 2008-2010.
A study of over 300 nursing homes found that norovirus gastroenteritis outbreaks significantly increased hospitalization and death rates among residents. The researchers also identified a specific association between lower daily RN hours per resident and increased mortality during outbreaks.
An investigation found that a reusable open-top grocery bag stored in a hotel bathroom contaminated with norovirus aerosol led to an outbreak among 17 girls and their chaperones attending a soccer tournament. Proper disinfection of areas and use of multiple bathrooms can help limit outbreaks.
The number of US deaths from gastroenteritis increased by 10,000 over eight years, with adults over 65 accounting for most deaths. C. difficile and norovirus were the top infectious causes, with a five-fold increase in C. difficile deaths.
Researchers are developing a norovirus vaccine using Virus-Like Particles, which mimic actual noroviruses to stimulate a robust immune response. The vaccine aims to combat the highly contagious and often severe gastrointestinal illness caused by noroviruses.
A Phase I/II study demonstrated the experimental norovirus VLP vaccine significantly reduces the incidence of gastroenteritis due to norovirus, with a 47% reduction compared to placebo. The vaccine also increased antibody titers and functional responses in subjects, indicating increased protection against illness.
Researchers found respiratory alkalosis in children with febrile seizures and metabolic acidosis in pediatric patients admitted for gastroenteritis. The study suggests that applying 5% carbon dioxide to breathing air could be a possible treatment for febrile seizures.
Researchers discovered peppermint's effectiveness in relieving Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) pain by activating the TRPM8 anti-pain channel. IBS affects 20% of Australians, causing abdominal pain, bloating, and digestive issues.
A study on a cruise ship norovirus outbreak found that infected passengers were more likely to have an ill cabin mate and resided or dined on the deck level where a vomiting incident occurred. Quick reporting by sick passengers and crew is crucial in preventing the spread of illness.
Routinely giving ondansetron to children with gastroenteritis-induced vomiting can prevent thousands of hospitalizations. The medication also saves millions of dollars each year due to reduced need for intravenous fluids and hospital admissions.
A cost analysis of pediatric ondansetron administration found substantial economic benefits, including reduced financial costs and hospitalizations. The study suggests this treatment could be valuable in countries with limited resources, but oral rehydration therapy should remain the primary approach in less developed countries.
A study found that vaccinating infants against rotavirus significantly reduced U.S. hospitalization rates for acute gastroenteritis, with a 28-50% decrease among young children. The vaccine prevented an estimated 55,000 hospitalizations during the 2008 season.
A recent study by Université Laval found that 40% of commercial disinfectants are ineffective in eliminating noroviruses, which cause over half of all foodborne gastroenteritis outbreaks. Bleach-based products are the only ones to drastically reduce virus concentration.
Researchers analyzed decades-old frozen infant stool samples to understand norovirus evolution. The study reveals that the GII.4 genotype emerged years before its recent identification as a cause of severe global outbreaks.
A new study published in the Archives of Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine found that ondansetron significantly reduces vomiting and hospital admissions in children with acute gastroenteritis. The medication also decreases the need for intravenous fluids by nearly two-thirds.
Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine have identified MDA-5 as the primary immune sensor that detects norovirus infections. The discovery may lead to the development of a treatment that prevents or reduces infection, particularly for individuals with common genetic variations that make them more susceptible.
Researchers at UNC School of Public Health found that noroviruses mutate genetically, similar to the flu virus. This discovery suggests a vaccine may be possible to prevent norovirus infections.
A rotavirus vaccine has been shown to be highly effective in preventing gastroenteritis episodes in children, with high protection rates against all severities of the condition. The vaccine also significantly reduces the need for hospital treatment and medical attention related to gastroenteritis.
Chronic fatigue syndrome is linked to a stomach virus, with over 80% of infected patients testing positive for enteroviral particles. Research suggests that initial infections can occur years earlier, highlighting the long-term impact of viral infections on the condition.
A study of 620 people with gastroenteritis found that those who developed IBS were more likely to experience high stress, anxiety, and perfectionism. Cognitive behavioural therapy may be an effective treatment for this condition, which affects up to 15% of adults in industrialised countries.
A randomized study of 73 Indian children with viral gastroenteritis found that Pedialyte and Gatorade were equally effective in improving stool frequency, consistency, and body weight. The solutions also proved safe, but a few patients experienced persistent potassium deficiency or hyponatremia.
A new norovirus variant was identified as the cause of increased gastroenteritis outbreaks in Europe in 2002. The data collected from ten European countries showed a striking increase in norovirus outbreaks that coincided with the emergence of the new virus variant, leading to an unusual seasonal pattern.
A study by Dr. Danielle Mohren found that employees in demanding jobs suffer from colds 20% more often than those in less demanding positions. Fatigue and burnout also increase the risk of infections, particularly gastroenteritis. The research highlights a clear link between working conditions and health.