Articles tagged with Melanoma
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Scientists developed a synthetic melanin that accelerates wound healing and protects against sun damage. The cream also quiets the immune system, allowing for continuous repair and reducing inflammation.
Researchers at McGill University found that people who use sunscreen are more likely to develop skin cancer due to inadequate application or excessive sun exposure. Sunscreen is not the most effective way to protect against skin cancer, with clothing and avoidance being better options.
A study by Medical University of Vienna found that AI algorithms in smartphone applications perform well in diagnosing pigmented skin lesions, but are outperformed by doctors in treatment decisions. The 7-class algorithm showed equivalent diagnostic accuracy to experts, while the ISIC algorithm performed worse.
Researchers saw a major pathologic response in over half of surgical specimens from patients treated with neoadjuvant pembrolizumab. The treatment shrank over half of advanced melanomas, according to exploratory analyses presented at the European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) Congress 2023.
A new AI software has achieved a 100% detection rate for melanoma, significantly improving skin cancer detection accuracy. The software correctly identified 99.5% of all skin cancers and 92.5% of pre-cancerous lesions, with potential to reduce face-to-face consultations and enhance dermatology triage.
A recent study has found that non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is causing a greater number of global deaths than melanoma. NMSC accounted for 78% of all skin cancer cases in 2020, resulting in over 63,700 deaths. The study highlights the need to implement effective strategies to reduce fatalities associated with all kinds of skin cancers.
A new cancer drug candidate has been found to restore the effectiveness of the immune system in fighting tumors, including melanoma, bladder cancer, leukemia, and colon cancer. The drug works by lowering a toxic compound called MTA, which impairs normal functioning of immune cells and blocks immunotherapies.
Researchers identified a circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) biomarker that can predict disease recurrence and response to treatment in patients with BRAF-negative melanoma. The study found that measuring ctDNA levels and variants can help tailor therapy and improve patient outcomes.
Researchers from The University of Queensland and The Alfred hospital in Melbourne have identified gene variants associated with a higher risk of nodular melanoma. The study found that four genes with rare DNA variants were linked to the aggressive subtype, which accounts for most melanoma deaths.
Researchers at Dana-Farber and MD Anderson Cancer Center found that MTA buildup in tumor cells impairs T cell function. Depleting MTA with enzymes restores T cell activity, improving checkpoint inhibitor effectiveness in MTAP-deleted cancers.
Researchers discovered that fine-tuning mitochondrial energy production reduces melanoma tumor growth and enhances immune response in mice. The study reveals that manipulating mitochondrial electron transport increases expression of immune genes and makes tumor cells more visible to killer T cells.
UTHSC researchers are studying the role of balanced sex hormones in DNA repair in human melanocytes to determine if hormonal imbalances contribute to melanoma risk. The study aims to find novel prevention methods to decrease melanoma cases and potentially save lives.
Researchers at Moffitt will develop novel targeted alpha-particle therapies for uveal melanoma and other rare melanomas. The grant will fund projects aimed at advancing the therapy's efficacy and personalizing its treatment.
Researchers found decreased in situ and invasive melanoma diagnoses during the pandemic, which may reflect reduced skin cancer screening. Thick melanomas increased primarily due to a decrease in thin melanomas, rather than an absolute increase in thicker ones.
Researchers from Osaka University have identified a novel mechanism by which GREB1 Isoform4 is involved in pyrimidine synthesis and causes malignant melanoma. The study found that GREB1 Is4 promotes cancer cell proliferation and regulates pyrimidine metabolism, suggesting it as a new therapeutic target for melanoma.
A study by McGill University found that higher-income individuals and those with university education had increased rates of melanoma, while those earning less than $50,000 were more likely to work outdoors and experience occupational sun exposure. Men also had higher rates of melanoma and other skin cancers due to increased UV exposure.
Researchers discuss the essential role of macrophages in metastatic growth of lung colonies in melanoma, highlighting their importance in clearing challenges to tissue integrity and promoting growth-related processes. The authors emphasize the need for targeted therapies against macrophages to combat untreatable metastasis.
Researchers developed a minimally invasive microneedle platform capable of detecting protein biomarkers in response to immunotherapy against melanoma. The approach integrates with ultra-sensitive single-molecule detection and shows promise for effective drug screening and patient stratification.
Researchers found a combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab can extend progression-free survival and improve response rates in patients with resistant metastatic melanoma. The treatment showed a 37% improvement in progression-free survival compared to ipilimumab alone.
Researchers have developed an oncolytic virus that can 'warm up' cold tumors and improve immunotherapy outcomes. The virus was engineered to carry a gene encoding a TGF-β inhibitor, which greatly increased survival rates in mice with aggressive melanoma and other cancers.
Researchers found that ranolazine, a heart medication, slows down tumor progression and increases visibility of melanoma cells to the immune system. This combination could improve response rates for immunotherapies in patients with melanoma.
Research found that electrical activity between melanocytes and keratinocytes is critical to melanoma initiation, with GABA signaling playing a key role. The study's findings suggest that molecules carried by vesicles from melanocytes to keratinocytes may trigger the secretion of tumor-promoting proteins.
A new study from the University of South Australia reveals that golfers have a higher lifetime prevalence of skin cancer compared to the general population. The research highlights the importance of sun protection strategies for golfers, who spend extended periods in the sun.
Researchers developed a reinforcement learning model that incorporates human decision-making criteria to improve AI accuracy in skin cancer diagnoses. The study showed increased sensitivity for melanoma and basal cell carcinoma, leading to more accurate diagnoses and optimal treatment decisions.
A recent study found that increased skin cancer screening is not enough to address racial disparities in melanoma survival rates. Researchers suggest that educating physicians about presentation of melanoma in skin of color and making sure people have access to a dermatologist when they have a suspicious lesion could be more effective.
Researchers have identified podoplanin as a key protein driving the spread of mucosal melanoma, a rare and aggressive form of skin cancer. Eliminating this protein could lead to a potential treatment through antibody therapy, offering hope for patients with this devastating disease.
Researchers propose targeting non-canonical HH/GLI signaling to improve response rate and durability of therapeutic effects exerted by SMO inhibition in melanoma. The findings suggest that combined targeting of hedgehog signaling and BRD4 could provide a novel therapeutic option against melanoma.
A phase I trial found that combining fecal transplants with immunotherapy is safe and shows promise in improving clinical responses in 65% of patients. The study used healthy donor microbiome to enhance immune system attack on cancer, offering a new paradigm shift in melanoma treatment.
A new study from Sanford Burnham Prebys identified a protein called NR2F6 that helps melanoma cells evade the immune system, but also promotes anti-tumor immunity when targeted. The researchers hope to develop new drugs that can block this protein's activity, potentially doubling the effectiveness of immunotherapy for melanoma patients.
Scientists found that CXCL13-mediated recruitment of B cells helps predict response to immunotherapy treatment. This cooperation between T cells and B cells is associated with improved survival in patients treated with immunotherapy.
A study published in Cancers found that a combination of radiotherapy followed by immunotherapy is effective against oral malignant melanomas in dogs. The treatment strategy increased overall survival time compared to immunotherapy alone. Researchers are now exploring the optimal protocol for this therapy to increase its effectiveness.
A new study found significant reductions in breast, colorectal and prostate cancers as well as melanoma diagnoses in Alberta during the COVID-19 pandemic. Diagnoses dropped by 43% for melanoma, 36% for colorectal and prostate, and 33% for breast cancer during the 'state of emergency' phase.
Researchers have made a breakthrough in treating melanoma by adding an mRNA vaccine tailored to individual tumour genetics to common immunotherapy, significantly improving survival and disease recurrence rates. After two years, cancer-free survival increased to 78.6%, and the risk of death or cancer returning was reduced by 44%.
A new study reveals that antibody-producing B cells in patients with melanoma may be defective, leading to ineffective responses against the disease. The research finds that active B cells accumulate at the edge of tumors and gather in small groups, carrying specific antibody features that react with T cells and other immune cells.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have identified how memory killer cells are formed and found a correlation between their presence in cancer tissue and improved survival rates in people with melanoma. The study suggests that harnessing the potential of these cells could lead to more effective immunotherapy.
Scientists from Brigham and Women's Hospital have developed a new immuno-therapeutic approach using twin stem cells that can target brain metastatic melanomas. The therapy, which uses an engineered 'twin stem cell model,' activates the immune system to suppress tumor growth and prolong survival in representative preclinical models.
Researchers found that MALAT1 inhibition decreased BRAF RNA and protein levels, while increasing correlation with MAPK-associated genes. MALAT1-ASO treatment also reduced melanoma cell growth and tumor size in xenograft models.
Researchers at Sanford Burnham Prebys have found a way to revive exhausted T cells, which are crucial for destroying cancerous cells. The new approach targets PSGL-1 protein and slows down T cell exhaustion, significantly reducing tumor growth in mice with immunotherapy-resistant melanoma.
Researchers analyzed genetic changes in organs of recently deceased patients with metastatic cutaneous melanoma to understand how the disease spreads and evolves. They found that cancer cells take advantage of specific organ environments, pointing to the need for distinct treatment approaches.
A new class of immunotherapy has shown promising results in targeting and treating the most aggressive form of skin cancer, malignant melanoma. The study developed an IgE antibody that activates the immune response to fight cancer and slows melanoma growth in mice.
Research suggests that patients with advanced melanoma who receive immunotherapy medications may benefit from maintaining normal vitamin D levels. The study found a favorable response rate in 56% of patients with normal baseline vitamin D levels, compared to 36% with low levels.
A new MYC inhibitor, Omomyc, has shown promising preclinical results in reducing melanoma tumor growth and metastatic capacity by halting the transcription of genes implicated in cell growth and proliferation. The study demonstrates a good prognostic gene signature in melanoma patients with this approach.
A new patient-centered approach identifies melanoma patients most likely to benefit from sentinel lymph node biopsy, offering a more accurate and cost-effective method for selecting patients. The study found that adopting a 10% cutoff for positivity rates could help identify patients best eligible for the procedure.
The USPSTF finds the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of visual skin examination by a clinician to screen for skin cancer. Skin cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in the U.S., with melanomas causing the most skin cancer deaths.
A recent clinical trial found that nearly 90% of patients with unresectable desmoplastic melanoma responded to treatment with pembrolizumab. The immunotherapy drug showed impressive results in both treatable and inoperable cases, suggesting a promising treatment option for this rare form of skin cancer.
A new vaccine type, mRNA-4157/V940, added to immunotherapy significantly reduced melanoma recurrence and death rates. The combination was found to be effective in 22.4% of patients compared to 40% without the vaccine.
A recent study found that immunotherapy alone resulted in a 89% favorable treatment response rate for patients with desmoplastic melanoma. This suggests that combination therapies may not be necessary for these patients, reducing the risk of toxicity.
A study published in Cancer Cell found that prior treatments, such as CTLA-4 blockade, modify the response to anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade therapy. The research analyzed data from over 500 patients and identified key factors associated with treatment response. This finding may help scientists create more precise future treatments.
Researchers found that probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus reuteri stimulates cancer-killing T cells by secreting indole-3-aldehyde, which activates a receptor in CD8 cells. A diet rich in tryptophan enhances the effect of immunotherapy on shrinking tumors and prolonging survival.
Researchers at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center have developed a novel approach to administer intrathecal and intravenous immunotherapy to treat leptomeningeal disease (LMD) in melanoma patients, showing promising results in improving survival rates and quality of life for some patients.
Researchers analyzed autopsies of 14 patients with advanced melanoma, finding that changes to tumor DNA can cause resistance to treatment. The study sheds light on the final stages of cancer and may lead to new treatments for patients with advanced disease.
Scientists have developed a new vaccine delivery method using powdered vaccines and a system driven by compressed gas, called MOF-Jet. The device can deliver therapeutics against cancer and other diseases in a relatively painless way, eliminating the need for needles and potentially reducing pain.
Researchers at Moffitt Cancer Center have discovered a combination strategy that targets the STING signaling pathway, resulting in improved antitumor activity. Inhibiting methylation increases STING expression and activates immune cells, leading to enhanced antitumor immunity.
Researchers from China have identified inosine as a potential broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory agent that improves survival in mice infected with SARS-CoV-2. The study also highlights TBK1 as a promising target for inhibiting cytokine storms and mitigating acute inflammatory lung injury.
A new surgical therapy has proven effective in treating melanoma in the eye that has spread to the liver, with 40% of patients experiencing tumor shrinkage, and offers a promising alternative to current treatments.
A study found that individuals with a history of atopic diseases, such as allergic asthma or rhinitis, had significantly lower rates of melanoma and skin cancer compared to non-atopic individuals. The risk of melanoma was up to 50% lower in atopic patients, and the overall risk of skin cancer was also reduced.
Patients with stage IIIB-IV melanoma who received neoadjuvant pembrolizumab had a significantly lower risk of cancer recurrence compared to those receiving adjuvant therapy only. The study found improved event-free survival rates in the neoadjuvant group, suggesting that starting immunotherapy before surgery generates better outcomes.
Researchers found that adding immunotherapy before surgical removal of stage III-IV melanoma significantly improved event-free survival compared to standard-of-care treatment. The study showed that neoadjuvant therapy is superior to the same therapy given in the adjuvant setting.
A phase 2 clinical trial shows that treating resectable stage 3 and 4 melanoma patients with pembrolizumab both before and after surgery greatly improves outcomes compared to pembrolizumab given only after surgery. This approach resulted in significantly longer event-free survival rates.
Researchers found that combining a chemical blocker of immune cell exit with immunotherapy stopped melanoma tumor enlargement in over half of mice tested. The study showed that T cells circulate out of tumors, reshaping scientific views of tumor immunology.