Articles tagged with Coma
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A virtual clinical trial using computer models of patients' brains found that psychedelic drugs such as psilocybin and LSD can increase brain activity complexity in patients with disorders of consciousness. The study suggests that these patients may benefit from a treatment involving simulated increases in brain activity.
Researchers warn that advances in AI and neurotechnology are outpacing our understanding of consciousness, with potential serious ethical consequences. A better understanding of consciousness could have major implications for AI, prenatal policy, animal welfare, medicine, mental health, law, and emerging neurotechnologies.
Researchers Prof Axel Cleeremans, Prof Anil Seth, and Prof Liad Mudrik warn that advances in AI and neurotechnology are outpacing our understanding of consciousness. They emphasize the need for theory-driven research and innovative methods to advance consciousness science.
A recent study published in The Lancet Global Health found that malaria and meningitis deaths in comatose African children remain high despite decades of research and health interventions. The study highlights the critical need for immediate antibiotics alongside antimalarials, regardless of malaria diagnosis.
A cohort study suggests that many comatose patients who died after withdrawing life-sustaining therapy had recovery potential. Experts emphasize the need for novel solutions to avoid deaths based on biased prognostication or incomplete information.
A study comparing hybrid closed-loop and open-loop systems in young people with type 1 diabetes found that hybrid closed-loop systems offered improved long-term blood sugar values, a lower risk of hypoglycemic coma, but a higher rate of diabetic ketoacidosis. The results suggest that hybrid closed-loop therapies may be beneficial for i...
New measurements of the Hubble constant support a faster-than-expected Universe expansion rate, challenging current understanding of physics. A precise distance measurement to the Coma Cluster provides the foundation for this new result.
Researchers discover surface chemistry unlike other centaurs on Chiron, with carbon dioxide and methane gases in its coma. The findings provide insight into the creation of our Solar System's origins and the unique processes producing Chiron's surface composition.
A new multimodal approach has been developed to predict recovery in patients with disorders of consciousness, combining PET scans, multivariate EEG analysis, functional MRI, and cognitive evoked potentials. The approach shows improved prognostic performance and accuracy compared to standard measurements.
This Neuron special issue highlights recent findings on consciousness research, including neural theories, sleep, anesthesia, coma recovery, and prefrontal cortex roles. It showcases how these areas contribute to our understanding of the complex topic.
A narrative review article in NeuroRehabilitation addresses the medicolegal challenges of litigating cases involving patients with disorders of consciousness. Clinicians and neurolitigators must be aware of the nuances, including terminology, assessment, prognosis, treatment, and patient rights.
A nationwide study by Radboud University Medical Center found that approximately 32 patients in the Netherlands are in a minimally conscious state after severe brain injury. These patients were on average 45 years old and showed signs of consciousness, such as following simple commands or showing emotions.
HBP researchers used glucose uptake to locate alpha waves' generation, finding subcortical areas drive cortical activity associated with consciousness. The study reveals an inverted u-shape relation between alpha power and brain function in patients with disorders of consciousness.
A new study maps consciousness to brain geometry, revealing three cortical gradients that align with dimensions of consciousness. The findings have potential for developing brain-based diagnoses or assessments for neurologic patients.
A study published in BMJ Open found that quad bike injuries among children are significantly more severe and common than car injuries. The research highlights the need for public education campaigns to educate on ATV-related injuries, particularly in young riders.
Researchers used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data to analyze dynamic functional connectivity and structural white matter connections. The study revealed that unresponsive wakefulness syndrome patients had less activity in functional networks and a reduction of metastability compared to minimally conscious state patients.
A groundbreaking crowdsourced study has provided the first epidemiologic data on coma in the United States and United Kingdom. The research, involving nearly 2,000 participants, identified 714 plausible cases of common coma, providing critical insights into its incidence and causes.
A team of researchers developed a prognostic model using automated brain scans and machine learning to predict survival and recovery in severe TBI patients. The model accurately predicted risk of death and unfavorable outcomes at six months after the injury, potentially improving clinical decision-making and patient care.
Researchers have identified a biomarker that indicates high risk of impending stroke post-subarachnoid hemorrhage, enabling early treatment initiation in comatose patients. Electrodiagnostic monitoring detects 'spreading depolarizations' caused by toxic by-products of blood breakdown, allowing clinicians to intervene before it's too late.
A retrospective case-control study found no significant difference in traumatic intracranial hemorrhage frequency between adult patients on antithrombotic therapy and those not on the therapy. However, hematoma expansion occurred more frequently in patients on antithrombotic therapy.
A multicenter study found that COVID patients on ventilators often take weeks to regain consciousness after removal of respiratory support. The study also discovered a correlation between blood oxygen levels and the time it takes to recover, with patients experiencing more episodes of low oxygen taking longer to wake up.
A new UNSW Sydney-led study has finally confirmed the mechanism behind comet tails never being green. The team recreated the galactic chemical process in a vacuum chamber and used lasers to break apart dicarbon molecules, proving physicist Gerhard Herzberg's theory correct after 90 years.
A new study reveals that the largest comet, Bernardinelli-Bernstein, was active long before previously thought, with its ice vaporizing and forming a coma. This finding will help determine the comet's composition and provide insight into conditions during solar system formation.
Researchers used sound processing to examine neural synchrony in comatose patients. They found that higher neural synchrony was predictive of a favorable outcome, with indistinguishable levels from healthy controls. The study also revealed surprising neural complexity, with reduced complexity in survivors compared to non-survivors.
Researchers found that subjects' heart rates synchronized even when listening to a story alone, as long as they were paying attention. This synchronization was predictive of conscious processing of the narrative, and had implications for understanding mindfulness and the brain-body connection.
The study confirms Basques' genetic uniqueness is the result of continuous isolation and scarce gene flow since the Iron Age. The language barrier promoted population separation from subsequent interactions.
Researchers used machine learning to analyze brain activity in monkeys and found that complexity is key to indicating consciousness, shifting the focus from frontal cortex to back of the head for electrode placement.
A study published in PNAS documents changes associated with prolonged anesthesia in the brains of mice, revealing significant alterations in synaptic architecture. The findings support reports of post-hospital cognitive dysfunction and suggest a physical link between cognitive impairment and prolonged medically induced coma.
Researchers report two more patients in minimally conscious states show significant improvement after receiving low-intensity focused ultrasound treatment. One patient demonstrated ability to respond to commands and communicate with family members, while another showed recognition of objects and understanding of speech.
The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) has been extended with a simple method to impute missing verbal component scores. Using a distribution of verbal scores for each combination of eye and motor scores, clinicians can now easily determine the GCS sum score when verbal data is missing, aiding in clinical decision-making and patient outcomes.
Leading coma experts have created a three-part plan to improve patient care and deepen understanding of coma and other conditions. The plan includes better classification of coma types, development of biomarkers to predict prognosis, and clinical trials for new therapies to promote recovery of consciousness.
Researchers analyze Comet ATLAS's carbonaceous particles to determine the age of other comets. The study suggests that long-period comets with high carbon content have spent less time in the Solar System.
Patients with type 1 diabetes who experience hospitalizations for ketoacidosis or hyperglycemic comas have an increased risk of subsequent suicidal attempts. The risk is strongly associated, with a threefold increased risk for those with multiple hyperglycemic coma hospitalizations.
A new study published in Neurology provides unprecedented insights into brain connections disrupted in comatose patients. Researchers used advanced MRI techniques to image brain pathways connecting the brainstem to the thalamus and hypothalamus, revealing disruption in specific neuronal pathways associated with consciousness.
Comet 46P/Wirtanen's unique orbit allowed astronomers to study its nucleus, coma, and chemical makeup. The telescope observations shed light on the origins and history of Earth's oceans.
Critically ill patients are not benefiting from antipsychotic medications in treating delirium in ICUs, with no significant difference in duration or outcomes compared to placebo. The MIND USA study screened nearly 21,000 patients and found that these drugs bring risk without benefit.
Research on GHB users found associations with negative emotions identification, altered brain processes during verbal long-term memory and working memory, lower IQ, and increased stress and anxiety. Brain scans revealed changes in brain activity and connectivity between memory-related pathways.
Scientists have found that comet 67P's molecular oxygen is not produced on its surface, contradicting previous theories. The majority of the molecular oxygen in the coma is likely primordial and originated from the comet's body.
The new Glasgow Coma Scale-Pupils score (GCS-P) tool combines GCS scores and pupil reactivity to provide a more comprehensive assessment of traumatic brain injury (TBI) severity and prognosis. The GCS-P has been validated to be as predictive as other, more complex models, while being easy to apply and communicate.
A new scoring system, GCS-Pupil, improves the assessment of brain injuries by adding a simple score for pupil response. This allows doctors to quickly predict patient conditions and make informed decisions about care.
A team led by UCLA professor David Jewitt has identified a primitive comet, C/2017 K2 (PANSTARRS), 1.5 billion miles from the sun. The discovery allows scientists to monitor the comet's activity over an extraordinary range of distances.
In a clinical trial, the ketogenic diet was found to be a safe and effective treatment option for adults with super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE), a rare and severe form of epilepsy. The diet was shown to stop seizures in 79% of patients, with eight recovering within a week.
A Mayo Clinic study using robotic telemedicine for assessing comatose patients in intensive care units shows promising results. The study found that patients with depressed levels of consciousness can be assessed reliably through telemedicine, alleviating a shortage of ICU providers and facilities.
Researchers discovered that flies slept more after consuming larger meals, with protein and salt promoting sleep. The study suggests that 'food coma' might be a natural adaptation to maximize gut absorption of essential nutrients.
A 25-year-old man recovering from a coma made remarkable progress after receiving an ultrasound treatment at UCLA. The technique, called low-intensity focused ultrasound pulsation, targets the thalamus to excite brain tissue and improve consciousness. Researchers plan to test the procedure on additional patients this fall.
Researchers found a supermassive black hole with an estimated mass of 17 billion solar masses in the galaxy NGC 1600, located 200 million light-years from Earth. This discovery suggests that these massive objects may be more common than previously thought and could be living in smaller galaxies.
The comet's passage threw Mars' magnetic field into chaos, with effects seen in real-time during the flyby and even hours after. The findings suggest a temporary surge in gas escaping from Mars' upper atmosphere, similar to a strong solar storm.
Researchers found significant disruption in brain area connections and coordination between the posterior cingulate cortex and medial prefrontal cortex in comatose patients who remained minimally conscious or vegetative. However, those who recovered from coma showed similar coordination with healthy participants.
Researchers found that galaxies in the Coma Cluster could have as much as 100 times more dark matter than visible matter, allowing them to survive and thrive. The study used computer simulations to model how these 'dead' galaxies evolved into their current state.
Researchers at Florida Atlantic University have discovered that fruit flies can withstand three days of drowning by putting themselves into a reversible coma. The study found that older flies survive poorly compared to younger flies in response to this drowning stress and low oxygen.
A study published in Critical Care Medicine defines the prevalence, associated factors, and time course of vasospasm in children with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. The study found that children with higher Injury Severity Scores, fever at admission, and lower Glasgow Coma scores were at increased risk of developing vasospasm.
The comet's coma composition changes in response to temperature and seasonal variations, suggesting a complex nucleus-nucleus relationship. This finding challenges the long-held assumption that comets are made mostly of water ice.
A Northwestern University study found that family members sharing familiar stories with coma patients who wore headphones recovered consciousness faster and had improved outcomes. This 'familiar auditory sensory training' stimulated the brain's memory circuits, helping patients wake up more easily and respond to their environment.
Scientists report early measurements of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko's subsurface temperature and gas production from the European Space Agency's Rosetta Mission. The team used NASA's Microwave Instrument on the Rosetta Orbiter to study heat transport, outgassing, and coma development.
A study of 37,539 children and young adults with type 1 diabetes found that the link between low average glucose blood levels and severe hypoglycemia declined substantially between 1995 and 2012. The relative risk for severe hypoglycemia decreased from 1.28 to 1.05 per 1% decrease in HbA1c levels, corresponding to a drop in risk of 1.2...
The Glasgow Coma Scale has become a practical method for bedside assessment of impairment of conscious level in acute brain injury. Professor Graham Teasdale examines the scale's original aspirations, criticisms, and its continued role in research and clinical practice.
Researchers have developed a computerized system that can track patients' brain activity and automatically adjust drug dosages to maintain the correct state during medically induced comas. The system uses EEG patterns and real-time feedback to optimize anesthesia levels, eliminating the need for constant monitoring by nurses.
Researchers have discovered large arms of hot gas in the Coma galaxy cluster, which are estimated to be around 300 million years old. The smooth shape of these arms suggests a calm setting for the hot gas in Coma, contrary to theoretical models that expect strong turbulence.
Scientists discover Nu-complexes, a new type of brain activity detected in human and cat comas beyond the flat EEG line. This finding opens up avenues for understanding learning and memory processes during coma and may lead to more effective treatments.
Experts urge for clear and unequivocal criteria to diagnose death, citing variability in brain death diagnosis and lack of global consensus. A proposed operational definition states death occurs when there is permanent loss of capacity for consciousness and loss of all brainstem functions.