Articles tagged with Tissue Samples
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers have invented a device called chemistrode that can stimulate, record and analyze molecular signals at high resolution. The device can be used on any surface and has the potential to study diseases such as diabetes and neurology disorders.
A study published in Archives of Dermatology found that light-activated therapy increased levels of Ki67, a protein involved in new skin cell growth, and collagen production. Skin thickness also increased after treatment, suggesting improved appearance.
Researchers at Georgia Tech's Center for Bio-Imaging Mass Spectrometry have developed new bio-imaging mass spectrometry techniques to analyze complex biological samples. These techniques allow for the visualization and localization of specific molecules in tissues, enabling a better understanding of biological systems.
The careHPV test provides substantially more accurate front-line screening than current methods in developing countries. It has a sensitivity of 90% and can be conducted by workers with minimal healthcare training, making it accessible to under-served regions.
Researchers found higher levels of beta-catenin, a protein involved in cell signaling and development, in the brains of chronic alcoholics. The protein may play a role in the reward circuitry, suggesting a potential treatment target for alcohol dependence.
Cold Spring Harbor Protocols highlights two RNA-based methods for understanding developmental processes in plants and flies. The first method uses RNAi to investigate gene function in fruit flies, while the second protocol describes how to detect where and when a gene is expressed in young plant tissues.
Researchers from EMBL have visualized proteins responsible for cell-cell contacts for the first time, revealing the molecular organization of skin. The technique, called cryo-electron tomography, allows for the first 3D image of human skin at molecular resolution.
Researchers found that abnormally folded prion protein in brain tissue does not reliably predict disease infectivity; some highly infectious samples had nearly undetectable levels of abnormal PrP. This suggests alternative mechanisms or specific conformation of abnormal PrP may be responsible for prion diseases.
The Center for Biological Interfaces of Engineering at Clemson University will create identical tissue samples using inkjet printing to study breast cancer causes and progression. The multi-disciplinary research team aims to understand how environmental conditions stimulate breast cancer development.
Scientists at Brookhaven National Laboratory develop a method to correlate microscopic imaging techniques, leading to better understanding and diagnosis of diseases. The technology enables the study of organic and inorganic components simultaneously, improving disease treatment.
A set of practical ethical guidelines for biobank research has been put forward by Swedish ethics researchers, providing a comprehensive solution to the complex regulations surrounding tissue samples. The framework balances conflicting interests and offers a peer-review process to ensure scrutiny.
A new optical technology has been developed to detect early signs of pancreatic cancer, allowing for earlier diagnosis and potentially improving treatment outcomes. The technique uses a minimally invasive procedure that can identify cancerous tissue with high accuracy, even in patients with chronic pancreatitis or family history.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center found that hydrogen peroxide decreases the tensile strength of absorbable sutures. In contrast, cleaning with distilled water did not harm their strength. The study suggests that patients using hydrogen peroxide on such sutures may be at risk for weakened healing and hypertrophic scars.
Researchers at Purdue University have developed a new technique that improves the ability to detect genetic disorders in infants and young children, allowing for earlier diagnosis and treatment. The method uses metabolomics and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to analyze biomarkers in blood and urine.
Scientists discovered preserved samples of the 1918 influenza virus in frozen autopsy tissues from an Alaskan woman buried for over 75 years. The recovery enabled researchers to study the virus's genetic material, providing valuable insights into its structure and potential vulnerabilities.
Researchers at Rutgers and Penn are developing advanced imaging techniques to increase the accuracy of prostate cancer diagnoses. These methods use powerful MRI and computer-aided diagnosis tools to reveal previously hidden cancerous tissue and pinpoint concentrations of suspicious tissue.
The Oregon State University salmon tracking program is expanding to northern California waters to gather data on the distribution of salmon in the ocean. The goal is to support informed fisheries management decisions that balance the harvest of healthy stocks with the protection of weakened runs.
A new lab-on-a-chip device developed by Berkeley Lab enables fast and accurate protein analysis through integration with mass spectrometry. This innovation accelerates proteomics research in fields like diagnostics, therapeutics, and bioenergy.
Autopsies continue to reveal major pre-death diagnostic errors in around 30% of cases, highlighting their importance in improving national mortality data. The procedure also teaches valuable lessons about the inherent uncertainty in medical practice and is integral to training and development for doctors.
Researchers at Ohio State University used forensic photography to analyze ancient textiles from Hopewell burial mounds, revealing previously hidden patterns and markings. The technique helps minimize damage during sampling, providing valuable information about prehistoric Native American technologies and colorants.
The GreeneChip device uses nearly 30,000 pieces of genetic material to identify pathogens in human fluid and tissue samples. This technology enables rapid and specific diagnosis of emerging infectious diseases, including a previously undiagnosed fatal case of malaria.
Researchers have developed a noninvasive imaging technique that uses a contrast agent and microcomputed tomography to image cartilage in osteoarthritis research. The technique, dubbed EPIC-microCT, reveals information about cartilage thickness and composition, allowing for the monitoring of osteoarthritis progression and treatment.
Scientists have created a prototype carbon nanotube knife that could revolutionize cell biology by enabling precise cuts and 3D images of cells. The device, which stretches between two electrochemically sharpened tungsten needles, has shown promising results in mechanical strength tests.
Researchers have defined normal melanocyte numbers in sun-exposed skin, distinguishing sun damage from early melanoma. This finding allows for less tissue removal and trauma to the skin.
The GeneChip Citrus Genome Array is a new tool that helps researchers identify genes associated with desirable traits in citrus, such as easy peeling and flavor components. The array will also aid in the development of new diagnostic tools for citrus agriculture and post-harvest fruit handling.
The study found that epicatechin, a flavanol present in cocoa, is directly linked to improved circulation and other hallmarks of cardiovascular health. Volunteers from the Kuna Indians, who consume large amounts of flavanol-rich cocoa, had higher levels of urinary nitric oxide compared to their mainland counterparts.
A team of Canadian and American scientists reports the first-ever finding of elevated levels of creatine, a newly discovered agent of Alzheimer's, in brain tissue. The study used infrared spectroscopy to detect creatine directly in situ, revealing an overlooked aspect of energy disturbance in Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers analyzed sediment, soil, water, and animal tissue samples from the Katrina flood zone, finding high levels of lead and other contaminants. These findings highlight the need for cleanup measures to minimize potential health risks.
A team of researchers found that plant-insect interactions were diverse and abundant in Patagonia 52 million years ago. The study reveals a legacy of ancient biodiversity that will help understand modern South American diversity.
A study of 23 pancreatic biopsies found ultrasound-guided biopsies to be effective in obtaining adequate samples, with a diagnosis possible in 61% of cases. The procedure is easier on patients than traditional endoscopic biopsies, which require sedation and are less efficient.
Researchers discovered two distinct phases of electrical disturbances in the heart before mechanical abnormalities occur. These findings could lead to new medications that halt or reverse heart failure. The study was conducted by a student researcher and his mentor, with support from the Johns Hopkins University.
Researchers developed a method to consistently analyze genes active in trauma patients, aiming to identify factors that enhance recovery and predict complications. The study's findings suggest that genomic analysis can provide meaningful information to doctors, potentially improving patient outcomes.
A recent study contradicts previous research by failing to detect human herpesvirus 8 in lung tissue samples from Japanese patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. The study suggests that the virus may not be associated with this condition in Japan, unlike in US patients where it was previously linked.
A study published by Imperial College London researchers suggests that around 70 future cases of vCJD may arise from consuming BSE-infected beef, with a total of up to 600 deaths. However, the team believes this is unlikely due to low reported clinical cases in other genetic groups.
Researchers at Illinois have developed a new class of biological sensors using single-walled carbon nanotubes. These sensors can detect glucose concentrations in human tissue, providing potential applications for diabetes management and other medical conditions.
Researchers present a molecular portrait of aging in the human kidney using DNA microarray technology, identifying 985 age-related genes. The study suggests a common aging mechanism operates across different kidney structures and tissues.
Researchers at University of Toronto found evidence of lead contamination resulting from bismuth use in waterfowl samples. The study suggests that excessive bismuth exposure may be linked to blood, liver, kidney and neural problems.
A three-year analysis of over 10,500 genes reveals a host of interesting leads on which genes may play a role in controlling sinusitis and nasal polyps. The study found that 192 genes were up-regulated and 156 were down-regulated in diseased tissue samples.
Researchers screened 2000 anonymous surgical tonsillectomy specimens for the presence of rogue prion protein causing vCJD. No positive cases were identified, but a national large-scale prospective prevalence study is necessary to determine true community infection rates.
The European common frog has a complex breeding strategy where males engage in clutch piracy, fertilizing eggs left unfertilized after the initial encounter. This behavior leads to a greater percentage of fertilized eggs and clutches with multiple fathers.
Researchers develop 'slow MAS' technique to study metabolism, diagnose diseases and observe cell physiology without harming animals. The non-invasive method uses pulsed radio waves to separate signals from unwanted spinning side bands.
Researchers at Texas A&M University found that blue marlin caught in the Gulf of Mexico contain 20-30 times the acceptable levels of mercury. The team aims to understand why mercury accumulates in pelagic fishes and how it affects human health.
A US study found significantly higher levels of brominated flame retardants (PBDEs) in food samples than previous market studies. The most contaminated items were fish, meat, and dairy products, highlighting the need for further research into the exposure routes of these toxic chemicals.
The Hyperspectral Imaging Endoscope (HSIE) system uses spectral images to detect cancerous cells without removing tissue, offering a non-contact method of gaining information about an area. The system achieved good correlations with pathologists' diagnoses and could guide biopsy or establish true diagnostic value in future stages.
Researchers found DNA and proteins from BK virus in prostate tissue with abnormal cell changes, a precursor stage of prostate cancer. The virus may induce uncontrolled cell growth, leading to cancer.
Researchers have developed thin fiber-optic probes that can be threaded through biopsy needles to ensure accurate targeting and diagnose breast cancer with over 90% accuracy. The technology holds potential to minimize trauma and improve procedure speed.
Mitochondrial damage is a key factor in Lou Gehrig's disease, causing cells to die. The study reveals that mutant SOD1 protein clogs the transport system of mitochondria in muscle-controlling nerve cells.
Researchers are developing a new technology that uses fiber-optic probes to analyze tissue properties at the needle tip during breast biopsies. The probe can provide structural information, increasing the likelihood of taking a sample from the correct site and potentially reducing missed diagnoses.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has issued a new clinical standard to help manufacturers develop and calibrate assays that measure specific protein concentrations in patient blood samples. This standard, SRM 2921, is expected to reduce variations in clinical test results by as much as 50-fold.
A consortium co-led by NIST is developing standards for well-characterized RNA molecules to validate gene chip analyses. These standards will enable technology developers and researchers to assess the performance of their assays, improving the reliability of microarray measurements.
Researchers estimate around 3,800 individuals in the UK could be incubating vCJD, based on three positive samples and calculations. However, the significance of two other samples with different prion protein accumulation patterns is uncertain.
Researchers have developed a method to preserve biological samples without distorting them, allowing for clearer views of lipids and other materials. The breakthrough, enabled by a unique polymer capsule, has potential applications in advancing studies of biological materials.
A study found that men who consumed green and black tea for five days had slower-growing prostate cancer cells compared to those who drank diet or regular soda. The researchers discovered a significant negative correlation between total polyamine levels and tea polyphenol content in the tissue.
Australian researchers introduce a simple method to collect, archive and process DNA from wildlife samples using FTA databasing paper, which preserves DNA integrity despite temperature fluctuations. This technique enables the transport of large reference collections over long distances, enabling extensive wildlife studies.
Researchers at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory have developed a new MRI technique called remote detection, which separates NMR encoding and detection to optimize both. This separation enables orders-of-magnitude improvement in image resolution and manifold increases in sensitivity.
Researchers used post-mortem spinal cord tissue to identify a unique gene expression profile in ALS patients, revealing distinct changes underlying the terminal stages of the disease. The study distinguishes between familial and sporadic ALS forms, providing insights into the molecular pathophysiology of neurodegeneration.
Researchers at USAMRIID successfully detected variola virus in a 50-year-old tissue sample using integrated diagnostic methods. The study demonstrates the capabilities of modern molecular diagnostics in identifying biological agents, which is crucial for national defense and infectious disease research.
A new pathway has been discovered at Stanford that provides insight into heart disease, with apelin-APJ signaling potentially holding key to treatment for heart failure. The study used microarrays to scan thousands of genes and found a previously unnoticed connection between apelin and APJ receptors.
Researchers developed a new method to detect melanoma in lymph nodes using molecular analysis, revealing 25% of cancer-free patients had undetectable metastases. The study found patients with multiple markers were more likely to develop recurrence and die from the disease.
A new microdialysis probe can detect cytokine markers indicating early infection or rejection responses to implants. This detection method aims to bioengineer the site for optimal device performance, ultimately benefiting public health and economic development.