Articles tagged with Tissue Samples
Researchers have discovered a gene expression signature associated with survival in advanced ovarian cancer. The study identified specific genes and pathways that correlate with overall survival, providing potential targets for therapies and personalized treatment strategies.
A leading researcher at Stanford University School of Medicine argues that the time has come to shift from mouse-centered approaches to a broader 'systems biology' approach to tackle human diseases. The current small-laboratory approach has limitations in translating results to humans.
Researchers have developed a new class of fluorescent probes called hydrocyanines to detect reactive oxygen species. The dyes can be used for deep tissue imaging in vivo and show promise for detecting overproduction of reactive oxygen species at an early stage, potentially leading to earlier diagnosis of inflammatory diseases.
Research suggests ovarian cancer subtypes have distinct biomarker profiles, affecting patient outcomes and treatment strategies. The study analyzed 500 ovarian cancer samples to identify correlations between biomarkers and survival rates, highlighting the need for subtype-specific approaches.
A Stanford study found that gene expression patterns in mice with type-1 diabetes were similar to those in humans before symptoms appeared. The researchers identified clusters of genes that participated in coordinated changes over time, which may provide an early warning for pre-diabetics.
Researchers have invented a device called chemistrode that can stimulate, record and analyze molecular signals at high resolution. The device can be used on any surface and has the potential to study diseases such as diabetes and neurology disorders.
A study published in Archives of Dermatology found that light-activated therapy increased levels of Ki67, a protein involved in new skin cell growth, and collagen production. Skin thickness also increased after treatment, suggesting improved appearance.
Researchers at Georgia Tech's Center for Bio-Imaging Mass Spectrometry have developed new bio-imaging mass spectrometry techniques to analyze complex biological samples. These techniques allow for the visualization and localization of specific molecules in tissues, enabling a better understanding of biological systems.
The careHPV test provides substantially more accurate front-line screening than current methods in developing countries. It has a sensitivity of 90% and can be conducted by workers with minimal healthcare training, making it accessible to under-served regions.
Researchers found higher levels of beta-catenin, a protein involved in cell signaling and development, in the brains of chronic alcoholics. The protein may play a role in the reward circuitry, suggesting a potential treatment target for alcohol dependence.
Cold Spring Harbor Protocols highlights two RNA-based methods for understanding developmental processes in plants and flies. The first method uses RNAi to investigate gene function in fruit flies, while the second protocol describes how to detect where and when a gene is expressed in young plant tissues.
Researchers from EMBL have visualized proteins responsible for cell-cell contacts for the first time, revealing the molecular organization of skin. The technique, called cryo-electron tomography, allows for the first 3D image of human skin at molecular resolution.
Researchers found that abnormally folded prion protein in brain tissue does not reliably predict disease infectivity; some highly infectious samples had nearly undetectable levels of abnormal PrP. This suggests alternative mechanisms or specific conformation of abnormal PrP may be responsible for prion diseases.
The Center for Biological Interfaces of Engineering at Clemson University will create identical tissue samples using inkjet printing to study breast cancer causes and progression. The multi-disciplinary research team aims to understand how environmental conditions stimulate breast cancer development.
Scientists at Brookhaven National Laboratory develop a method to correlate microscopic imaging techniques, leading to better understanding and diagnosis of diseases. The technology enables the study of organic and inorganic components simultaneously, improving disease treatment.
A set of practical ethical guidelines for biobank research has been put forward by Swedish ethics researchers, providing a comprehensive solution to the complex regulations surrounding tissue samples. The framework balances conflicting interests and offers a peer-review process to ensure scrutiny.
A new optical technology has been developed to detect early signs of pancreatic cancer, allowing for earlier diagnosis and potentially improving treatment outcomes. The technique uses a minimally invasive procedure that can identify cancerous tissue with high accuracy, even in patients with chronic pancreatitis or family history.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center found that hydrogen peroxide decreases the tensile strength of absorbable sutures. In contrast, cleaning with distilled water did not harm their strength. The study suggests that patients using hydrogen peroxide on such sutures may be at risk for weakened healing and hypertrophic scars.
Researchers at Purdue University have developed a new technique that improves the ability to detect genetic disorders in infants and young children, allowing for earlier diagnosis and treatment. The method uses metabolomics and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to analyze biomarkers in blood and urine.
Scientists discovered preserved samples of the 1918 influenza virus in frozen autopsy tissues from an Alaskan woman buried for over 75 years. The recovery enabled researchers to study the virus's genetic material, providing valuable insights into its structure and potential vulnerabilities.
Researchers at Rutgers and Penn are developing advanced imaging techniques to increase the accuracy of prostate cancer diagnoses. These methods use powerful MRI and computer-aided diagnosis tools to reveal previously hidden cancerous tissue and pinpoint concentrations of suspicious tissue.
The Oregon State University salmon tracking program is expanding to northern California waters to gather data on the distribution of salmon in the ocean. The goal is to support informed fisheries management decisions that balance the harvest of healthy stocks with the protection of weakened runs.
A new lab-on-a-chip device developed by Berkeley Lab enables fast and accurate protein analysis through integration with mass spectrometry. This innovation accelerates proteomics research in fields like diagnostics, therapeutics, and bioenergy.
Autopsies continue to reveal major pre-death diagnostic errors in around 30% of cases, highlighting their importance in improving national mortality data. The procedure also teaches valuable lessons about the inherent uncertainty in medical practice and is integral to training and development for doctors.
Researchers at Ohio State University used forensic photography to analyze ancient textiles from Hopewell burial mounds, revealing previously hidden patterns and markings. The technique helps minimize damage during sampling, providing valuable information about prehistoric Native American technologies and colorants.
The GreeneChip device uses nearly 30,000 pieces of genetic material to identify pathogens in human fluid and tissue samples. This technology enables rapid and specific diagnosis of emerging infectious diseases, including a previously undiagnosed fatal case of malaria.
Researchers have developed a noninvasive imaging technique that uses a contrast agent and microcomputed tomography to image cartilage in osteoarthritis research. The technique, dubbed EPIC-microCT, reveals information about cartilage thickness and composition, allowing for the monitoring of osteoarthritis progression and treatment.
Scientists have created a prototype carbon nanotube knife that could revolutionize cell biology by enabling precise cuts and 3D images of cells. The device, which stretches between two electrochemically sharpened tungsten needles, has shown promising results in mechanical strength tests.
Researchers have defined normal melanocyte numbers in sun-exposed skin, distinguishing sun damage from early melanoma. This finding allows for less tissue removal and trauma to the skin.
The GeneChip Citrus Genome Array is a new tool that helps researchers identify genes associated with desirable traits in citrus, such as easy peeling and flavor components. The array will also aid in the development of new diagnostic tools for citrus agriculture and post-harvest fruit handling.
The study found that epicatechin, a flavanol present in cocoa, is directly linked to improved circulation and other hallmarks of cardiovascular health. Volunteers from the Kuna Indians, who consume large amounts of flavanol-rich cocoa, had higher levels of urinary nitric oxide compared to their mainland counterparts.
A team of Canadian and American scientists reports the first-ever finding of elevated levels of creatine, a newly discovered agent of Alzheimer's, in brain tissue. The study used infrared spectroscopy to detect creatine directly in situ, revealing an overlooked aspect of energy disturbance in Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers analyzed sediment, soil, water, and animal tissue samples from the Katrina flood zone, finding high levels of lead and other contaminants. These findings highlight the need for cleanup measures to minimize potential health risks.
A team of researchers found that plant-insect interactions were diverse and abundant in Patagonia 52 million years ago. The study reveals a legacy of ancient biodiversity that will help understand modern South American diversity.
A study of 23 pancreatic biopsies found ultrasound-guided biopsies to be effective in obtaining adequate samples, with a diagnosis possible in 61% of cases. The procedure is easier on patients than traditional endoscopic biopsies, which require sedation and are less efficient.
Researchers discovered two distinct phases of electrical disturbances in the heart before mechanical abnormalities occur. These findings could lead to new medications that halt or reverse heart failure. The study was conducted by a student researcher and his mentor, with support from the Johns Hopkins University.
Researchers developed a method to consistently analyze genes active in trauma patients, aiming to identify factors that enhance recovery and predict complications. The study's findings suggest that genomic analysis can provide meaningful information to doctors, potentially improving patient outcomes.
A recent study contradicts previous research by failing to detect human herpesvirus 8 in lung tissue samples from Japanese patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. The study suggests that the virus may not be associated with this condition in Japan, unlike in US patients where it was previously linked.
A study published by Imperial College London researchers suggests that around 70 future cases of vCJD may arise from consuming BSE-infected beef, with a total of up to 600 deaths. However, the team believes this is unlikely due to low reported clinical cases in other genetic groups.
Researchers at Illinois have developed a new class of biological sensors using single-walled carbon nanotubes. These sensors can detect glucose concentrations in human tissue, providing potential applications for diabetes management and other medical conditions.
Researchers present a molecular portrait of aging in the human kidney using DNA microarray technology, identifying 985 age-related genes. The study suggests a common aging mechanism operates across different kidney structures and tissues.
Researchers at University of Toronto found evidence of lead contamination resulting from bismuth use in waterfowl samples. The study suggests that excessive bismuth exposure may be linked to blood, liver, kidney and neural problems.
A three-year analysis of over 10,500 genes reveals a host of interesting leads on which genes may play a role in controlling sinusitis and nasal polyps. The study found that 192 genes were up-regulated and 156 were down-regulated in diseased tissue samples.
Researchers screened 2000 anonymous surgical tonsillectomy specimens for the presence of rogue prion protein causing vCJD. No positive cases were identified, but a national large-scale prospective prevalence study is necessary to determine true community infection rates.
The European common frog has a complex breeding strategy where males engage in clutch piracy, fertilizing eggs left unfertilized after the initial encounter. This behavior leads to a greater percentage of fertilized eggs and clutches with multiple fathers.
Researchers develop 'slow MAS' technique to study metabolism, diagnose diseases and observe cell physiology without harming animals. The non-invasive method uses pulsed radio waves to separate signals from unwanted spinning side bands.
Researchers at Texas A&M University found that blue marlin caught in the Gulf of Mexico contain 20-30 times the acceptable levels of mercury. The team aims to understand why mercury accumulates in pelagic fishes and how it affects human health.
A US study found significantly higher levels of brominated flame retardants (PBDEs) in food samples than previous market studies. The most contaminated items were fish, meat, and dairy products, highlighting the need for further research into the exposure routes of these toxic chemicals.
The Hyperspectral Imaging Endoscope (HSIE) system uses spectral images to detect cancerous cells without removing tissue, offering a non-contact method of gaining information about an area. The system achieved good correlations with pathologists' diagnoses and could guide biopsy or establish true diagnostic value in future stages.
Researchers found DNA and proteins from BK virus in prostate tissue with abnormal cell changes, a precursor stage of prostate cancer. The virus may induce uncontrolled cell growth, leading to cancer.
Researchers have developed thin fiber-optic probes that can be threaded through biopsy needles to ensure accurate targeting and diagnose breast cancer with over 90% accuracy. The technology holds potential to minimize trauma and improve procedure speed.
Mitochondrial damage is a key factor in Lou Gehrig's disease, causing cells to die. The study reveals that mutant SOD1 protein clogs the transport system of mitochondria in muscle-controlling nerve cells.
Researchers are developing a new technology that uses fiber-optic probes to analyze tissue properties at the needle tip during breast biopsies. The probe can provide structural information, increasing the likelihood of taking a sample from the correct site and potentially reducing missed diagnoses.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has issued a new clinical standard to help manufacturers develop and calibrate assays that measure specific protein concentrations in patient blood samples. This standard, SRM 2921, is expected to reduce variations in clinical test results by as much as 50-fold.
A consortium co-led by NIST is developing standards for well-characterized RNA molecules to validate gene chip analyses. These standards will enable technology developers and researchers to assess the performance of their assays, improving the reliability of microarray measurements.
Researchers estimate around 3,800 individuals in the UK could be incubating vCJD, based on three positive samples and calculations. However, the significance of two other samples with different prion protein accumulation patterns is uncertain.
Researchers have developed a method to preserve biological samples without distorting them, allowing for clearer views of lipids and other materials. The breakthrough, enabled by a unique polymer capsule, has potential applications in advancing studies of biological materials.
A study found that men who consumed green and black tea for five days had slower-growing prostate cancer cells compared to those who drank diet or regular soda. The researchers discovered a significant negative correlation between total polyamine levels and tea polyphenol content in the tissue.
Australian researchers introduce a simple method to collect, archive and process DNA from wildlife samples using FTA databasing paper, which preserves DNA integrity despite temperature fluctuations. This technique enables the transport of large reference collections over long distances, enabling extensive wildlife studies.
Researchers at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory have developed a new MRI technique called remote detection, which separates NMR encoding and detection to optimize both. This separation enables orders-of-magnitude improvement in image resolution and manifold increases in sensitivity.