Articles tagged with Intellectual Disabilities
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new gene, MAN1B1, has been identified as the cause of recessive intellectual disability in five families. The gene codes an enzyme involved in quality control functions in cells, leading to faulty proteins being released into the body.
Researchers studying mutant fruit flies with dNab2 mutations have found a link to intellectual disability (ID) in humans, particularly those affected by ZC3H14 gene mutations. The study suggests that the protein's role in regulating RNA length may be critical for brain cell function and learning.
Researchers found synaptophysin controls vesicle replacement, potentially leading to new treatments for learning deficits. The study may also help explain why people with synaptophysin mutations experience mental retardation.
Advances in understanding Fragile X syndrome have led to the possibility of treating this inherited intellectual disability. Several drugs tested in humans show promising results, offering a potential breakthrough in correcting underlying causes.
Researchers identified mutations in genes associated with brain activity that frequently cause intellectual disability. These de novo mutations disrupt nerve cell communication, affecting at least two-thirds of cases. The study provides new insights into the genetic origins of intellectual disability and may lead to improved diagnostics.
Scientists at Duke University Medical Center have identified a gene that governs how neurons form new connections. Without this gene, mice showed difficulty learning and didn't display typical memory ability. The study provides clues to memory and learning, potentially offering opportunities for early intervention after birth.
A genetic mutation in the production of selenocysteine leads to progressive brain atrophy and severe mental retardation and epilepsy. The defect affects 1 in 40 Jews of Moroccan and Iraqi ancestry, making prenatal genetic screening a crucial preventive measure.
Researchers identified a mutation in the PTCHD1 gene associated with about one percent of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) or intellectual disabilities, mostly males. The study suggests that this mutation may disrupt crucial developmental processes contributing to autism.
Scientists at Max Planck Institute successfully analyze all genes in human genome simultaneously to identify mutation causing Mabry Syndrome. The new process reveals a mutation in PIGV gene leading to mental retardation and other symptoms.
A Texas A&M graduate contributed to a study linking protein malfunction to mental retardation, with early detection potentially leading to treatment. Researchers tested zebrafish and found that PHF8 enzyme mutations cause XLMR.
Researchers at Boston Children's Hospital have discovered a new epigenetic player that affects gene activity in boys with X-linked mental retardation and facial birth defects. The study reveals an enzyme, PHF8, works to maintain active gene transcription.
Researchers at Harvard Medical School have discovered that the loss of Ube3A enzyme disrupts the brain's ability to fine-tune neuronal connections, leading to developmental deficits in Angelman syndrome. This finding also suggests a connection between Ube3A and autism spectrum disorders, paving the way for new therapeutic targets.
A new genetic test has been developed by CAMH scientists Dr. John Vincent and Dr. Muhammad Ayub to analyze CC2D2A gene mutations causing about 10% of intellectual disability cases. The test aims to provide more accurate diagnosis and offer appropriate genetic counseling for affected families.
Researchers have identified the TRAPPC9 gene as a potential cause of non-syndromic intellectual disabilities affecting up to 50% of individuals worldwide. The discovery sheds light on a new genetic factor in intellectual disabilities and paves the way for future research into diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.
A study by Indiana University found that adults with intellectual disabilities increased their personal health knowledge after taking a semi-weekly class for four weeks. The study also investigated the use of stability balls at work, finding that they can strengthen core muscles and promote more natural movement.
UCSF researchers have successfully restored the missing protein calpain degrades LIS1 protein to near-normal levels in mice with the mouse-model of this defect. The team gave daily injections of a calpain inhibitor to pregnant mice whose fetuses had the mouse-model, resulting in more normal brains and no sign of mental retardation.
A study published in the journal Genetics identified five new proteins necessary for memory, providing insight into fragile X mental retardation. The researchers used an artificial system to analyze the eye deformities caused by overexpression of a key protein, revealing that each protein is required for its function.
Researchers identified a small set of genes responsible for mental retardation by comparing human DNA with mouse genome disruption data. The study found that genomic deletions and duplications frequently cause the disorder, enabling genetic testing and diagnosis.
The Supports Intensity Scale is a planning tool that assesses individual needs of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities in 85 life areas. A new study found SIS to be effective in predicting funding needs, providing a unique opportunity for services and funding decisions to be based on person-centered goals.
A Brown University research team has discovered a novel Fragile X granule in the brain that could serve as a target for future autism treatments. The finding opens a new line of research into potential treatments for autism, a neurological disorder that affects social interaction and communication.
A Canadian scientist has made a significant breakthrough in treating intellectual disabilities by manipulating the genes of fruit flies. The research found that disrupting a specific gene called FMR1 leads to long-term memory loss, and that a class of drugs can help restore memories.
Researchers identified eEF2K as a key player in enabling the rapid production of Arc protein, crucial for long-term memory formation. The paradoxical mechanism involves eEF2K inhibiting protein translation while also facilitating Arc protein synthesis.
Researchers at UT Austin create fruit fly model to study Angelman syndrome genetics, revealing behavioral dysfunctions similar to human cases. The UBE3A protein's role in degradation is linked to disease symptoms, with mutant flies displaying circadian rhythm irregularities and memory impairments.
Researchers at CAMH have identified a new gene, CC2D2A, associated with a previously unknown form of intellectual disability characterized by retinitis pigmentosa. The mutation affects protein function, leading to faulty cell activity and the disorder.
Researchers found that low maternal education is a key indicator for increased risk of mental retardation in the general population. The study also showed that extremely low birth weight infants and women with an education below the high school level are at higher risk of intellectual disability.
Researchers identified duplicated genes HSD17B10 and HUWE1 as the trigger for intellectual disability. The study found that these genes produce excess protein, leading to mental retardation in individuals with X chromosome-linked mutations.
Researchers have identified a new cause of mental retardation, finding that duplication of two proteins (HSD17B10 and HUWE1) leads to overproduction, offering promising possibilities for treatments. The discovery simplifies the search for remedies by targeting protein production rather than repairing or replacing defective proteins.
Researchers at MIT's Picower Institute have corrected key symptoms of mental retardation and autism in mice by reducing a specific receptor. The findings suggest that a certain class of drugs could have the same effect, potentially treating fragile X syndrome and other developmental disorders.
Researchers investigated whether individuals with intellectual disabilities who commit sexual offenses have poorer sexual knowledge than those who do not. The study found that Type I offenders, characterized by deviant ideas about sexuality, had more sexual knowledge than a matched group of non-offenders. In contrast, Type II offenders...
A recent study published in The Lancet reveals that mental disorders are more common in rural settings in Mozambique compared to urban areas. The research found higher lifetime prevalence rates for psychoses, mental retardation, and seizure disorders in rural households.
Researchers at Yale University have identified a new regulatory target for the Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), which may lead to new treatments for Fragile X syndrome. The study also found implications for autism, as both conditions share common physiological pathways.
A new gene mutation has been identified as the cause of X-linked mental retardation, a severe condition affecting male offspring. The researchers discovered the ZDHHC9 gene, which is mutated and loses its function, leading to the condition.
A Queen's University poll found that 65% of respondents believe workers with intellectual disabilities should work alongside those without ID, while 71.1% note a lack of job training programs as a major obstacle to workplace inclusion. The study suggests that public attitudes are not a barrier to keeping workers with ID in the workplace.
New research in mice suggests that reversing CaMKII inhibition alleviates Angelman syndrome neurological problems. The study identifies potential therapeutic targets for treating symptoms, and the findings may apply to other unexplained mental retardation syndromes.
Researchers have identified a novel biological pathway that may contribute to cases of mental retardation and autism, with mutations in two genes causing brain abnormalities and milder symptoms than classical forms of Cornelia deLange syndrome.
Scientists identified several abnormal genetic events in children with mental retardation and pinpointed a specific deletion on chromosome 17, which may account for ~1% of cases. The discovery provides unprecedented insight into the underlying biology and mechanism of genomic disease using NimbleGen's high-resolution CGH microarrays.
A study published in Pediatric Transplantation found that individuals with mental retardation have a 100% one-year survival rate and 90% three-year survivor rate after receiving kidney transplants. The research alleviates concerns about transplant success in this population, showing they are appropriate candidates for organ transplants.
Mental retardation diagnosis is crucial for early intervention and management, emphasizing a multidisciplinary approach to determine the level and kinds of supports needed. Effective care also involves promoting independence and providing ongoing health surveillance to address comorbid conditions.
Researchers identify KCNC3 mutations as causative factors in neurodegenerative diseases, providing a new perspective on the role of potassium channels in human neurodegeneration. The study's findings have significant implications for the development of therapeutic targets and treatment strategies for brain disorders.
Researchers at UCSD develop mouse model for lissencephaly, a severe brain disorder in newborn children. The study shows that removing two genes from the mouse replicates human lissencephaly features, shedding light on the condition's causes and potential treatment.
A recent poll conducted by Queen's University reveals that Ontarians are divided on the closure of institutions for individuals with intellectual disabilities. Despite government promises, many respondents believe there are not enough community services in place to support integration. The survey found that 81% do not think institution...
A new Standard Reference Material from NIST will help clinical genetics labs accurately count fragile-X repeat sequences. The SRM 2399 consists of nine DNA samples with triplet repeats ranging from 20 to 118, ensuring quality control and check on test procedures.
Researchers have found the same gene responsible for fragile X syndrome, a developmental disorder in children, also causes Fragile X Associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome (FXTAS) in male carriers, leading to neurodegenerative symptoms. The study aims to develop therapies for both conditions.
Researchers at OHSU produced mice lacking the WAVE-1 protein, showing balance, motor, learning and memory deficits. The study suggests that mental retardation involves many more areas of the brain than initially thought.
Researchers found that FMRP associates with RNAi-related cellular machinery, suggesting a possible role for RNAi in regulating gene expression. This discovery may lead to an entirely new field of molecular human genetics, shedding light on the genetic causes of fragile X syndrome.
A single gene on the X chromosome, AGTR2, has been linked to mental retardation. The discovery could lead to new therapies and insights into normal brain development.
Researchers at Clemson University have identified a single gene, AGTR2, that may trigger mental retardation in males when it is abnormal. The study found mutations in eight male patients with unexplained mental retardation, offering new insights into the causes of brain development disorders.
Researchers from Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide have identified a major gene responsible for both intellectual disability and epilepsy. The new gene is found on the X-chromosome and acts as a master gene controlling other genes' function, contributing to normal brain cognitive function.
Researchers at Rockefeller University have discovered that FMRP controls the fate of specific proteins in brain cells, explaining the physical, cognitive, and behavioral abnormalities characteristic of fragile X syndrome. The findings offer potential for future therapies to lessen the disease's impact.
A 10-year-old study found that early childhood anemia can lead to poor school performance and mild to moderate mental retardation. The research strengthens the need for effective identification and treatment of iron deficiency in early childhood.
Researchers identified a strong association between a 12 bp mutation in a newly discovered X-chromosome gene and X-linked mental retardation. The mutation was found in 7 percent of all institutionalized mentally retarded males surveyed, as well as in higher frequency among those with Autism.
The study provides evidence that FMRP is transported into the cell's nucleus where it forms a complex with particular mRNAs and then is transported out of the nucleus to join ribosomes in the neuronal cytoplasm. The researchers discovered that free ribosomes, found in dendrites and dendritic spines, associate with FMRP.