Articles tagged with Lungs
A team of researchers at the National Institutes of Health has uncovered a possible biochemical mechanism behind ACDC disease, which causes calcium buildup in the arteries. The study suggests that treating this condition with drugs like etidronate could help reduce calcification and potentially lead to an effective treatment.
Scientists have linked a new class of bacterial enzymes to the chronic lung inflammation hallmark of cystic fibrosis. The discovery provides two potential strategies for interrupting or correcting this interference by opportunistic bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
A study of over 16,000 patients found air pollution reduces pulmonary vascular function and increases risk of decompensated heart failure. Limiting physical activity in heavily polluted areas is recommended.
Researchers used NASA satellites and airport visibility sensors to estimate exposures to air pollution in US troops who fought in Iraq and Afghanistan. The studies aim to build reliable tools for epidemiologists to tease out links between respiratory health and exposure.
A study found that farm dust exposure stimulates production of a protein called A20, which suppresses inflammatory immune responses in the lungs. This leads to lower rates of asthma and allergies in children who grow up on farms.
Cancer Treatment Centers of America (CTCA) researchers present four studies on lung cancer treatment and survival, including a protein linked to malaria as a potential biomarker and genomic sequencing to accelerate therapeutics development.
Researchers identified seven new areas of the genome linked to body fat distribution in a study involving over 18,000 individuals. The findings provide new insights into the biological mechanisms influencing cardiometabolic diseases.
A longitudinal population-based study found that menopausal women experience an accelerated decline in lung function, with declines in forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in one second comparable to severe smoking. The study highlights the importance of maintaining respiratory health long after the menopausal transition.
Johns Hopkins researchers have identified a critical cellular switch that turns on the inflammatory immune response contributing to asthma attacks. By inhibiting this pathway, they may be able to prevent continued inflammation and long-term structural changes in the lungs.
Researchers used FDG PET-CT to assess anatomical structure and metabolic activity in a patient with GLILD, showing widespread metabolic activity affecting lymph nodes throughout the body. The study reveals that GLILD is a complex, highly metabolically active condition requiring optimal monitoring and treatment timing.
A new study presents alarming data on chest injuries in pediatric patients after all-terrain vehicle (ATV) accidents. The study found that pulmonary contusion, pneumothorax, and rib fractures were common, with 8 children dying from their injuries.
Researchers aim to create highly personalized approach to treating cystic fibrosis by analyzing mucus hydration and clearance in patient nasal cells using nuclear imaging techniques. The study could lead to a more effective treatment, increased life expectancy, and improved quality of life for CF patients.
A new method allows donor lungs to be preserved for up to 20 hours, enabling more flexible transplant timing and improving patient outcomes. This shift in paradigm increases the availability of healthy donor lungs for patients waiting for a life-saving transplant.
A new study found that a combination of cold preservation and ex-vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) can extend donor lung preservation time to over 12 hours without jeopardizing recipient outcomes. This technique has the potential to increase organ availability by reducing geographical limitations and enabling longer-distance transports.
A new study presents a promising treatment for tuberculosis by delivering a commonly used drug to the lungs, which is more effective than oral administration at a fraction of the dose. This approach has the potential to reduce toxicity and improve patient outcomes.
Researchers found that patients with pulmonary function testing had a lower risk of hospitalization and death from COPD. The study suggests that increasing testing for suspected cases could improve patient care and reduce healthcare costs.
Researchers at Children's Hospital Los Angeles have developed a tissue-engineered model of the human lung and trachea, which contains diverse cell types found in the respiratory tract. This breakthrough model has the potential to improve our understanding of lung regeneration and lead to new therapies for damaged lungs.
Researchers at the University of Edinburgh found that a drug called AT7519 helps restore normal function in neutrophils, which contribute to ARDS. The treatment approach shows promise for resolving inflammation in the lung and improving patient outcomes.
A new national consumer survey found that 44% of people under 35 believe e-cigarettes are less harmful to the lungs. Researchers at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center are conducting two clinical studies to evaluate the health effects of e-cigarettes and other tobacco products.
Researchers have identified a protein called PP5 that is significantly upregulated in the lungs of severe asthmatic patients, blocking the effectiveness of anti-asthma drugs. This discovery provides a potential new target for developing novel treatments for severe asthma.
Scientists created an airway-on-a-chip that simulates the effects of smoking on human lungs, revealing changes in gene expression and cilia beat patterns. The technology also showed promise for testing e-cigarettes and identifying potential therapies for COPD.
Researchers have developed a device that mimics the effects of cigarette smoke on human lungs, providing new insights into how non-smokers and COPD patients respond to smoke. The device enables the comparison of physiological responses in healthy individuals and COPD patients before and after exposure to cigarette smoke.
Researchers found that underground car parks can act as 'lungs of the city', reducing particulate matter concentrations outside the car parks by up to 50%. The study suggests that implementing air purification systems in parking garages can improve air quality in urban areas.
A new study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that long-term oxygen treatment does not improve survival or reduce hospital admissions for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and moderately low blood oxygen levels. Researchers say these results underscore the need for new treatments for COPD.
Researchers found higher levels of estrogen in lung tissue of postmenopausal women with synchronous multiple lung adenocarcinoma (SMLA) compared to those with single tumor lung adenocarcinoma. The study suggests an association between estrogen and SMLA, potentially leading to gene therapy development.
Researchers found that a manufactured version of progranulin reverses most effects of Gaucher's disease in mouse and human cell studies, including GBA accumulation. Progranulin must bind to other molecules to transport the enzyme to lysosomes.
A study found Neu5Gc in pig organs, particularly heart, spleen, kidney, and lungs, with concentrations increasing as organs are cooked. This non-human sialic acid sugar molecule may trigger an immune response, leading to chronic inflammation and increased risks of tumor formation and inflammatory diseases.
A survey of American College of Chest Physicians members revealed divided perception on e-cigarette harms and benefits. Most respondents reported patients asking for professional opinion, but providers were often uncomfortable discussing health effects.
Researchers have discovered that infant nose cells possess remarkably similar RNS patterns to those found in the lungs, enabling non-invasive diagnostic methods and potential therapeutics for pediatric lung diseases. This breakthrough could improve diagnosis and treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and other infant lung disea...
A new meta-analysis suggests that antenatal corticosteroids can improve lung development and reduce severe respiratory distress in preterm babies. The study found a significant reduction in respiratory distress syndrome among babies born between 34-37 weeks, including those delivered via scheduled C-section.
A new study reveals significant variation in care costs for patients with the same surgery complication, with high-cost hospitals often having higher rates of complications. Medicare payments for rescued patients at high-cost hospitals were two- to three-fold higher than at low-cost hospitals.
Lab tests reveal e-cigarette vapor does not cause oxidative stress and cell death in lung epithelial cells, unlike cigarette smoke. Researchers developed a standardized method to compare the effects of conventional cigarette smoke and e-cigarette vapor on lung cells.
Lab tests reveal e-cigarette vapor is non-toxic to human lung cells, even at unrealistically high doses. Cigarette smoke proves cytotoxic, with lung cells showing low levels of toxicity only after equivalent daily exposure in just one hour.
A study of 1329 adults with asthma found that active individuals had slightly less decline in lung function than inactive ones. Active asthmatic adults experienced 44 to 88 mL less decline in peak expiratory flow during follow-up.
A study published in PLOS Pathogens found that progesterone treatment reduces influenza infection severity by reducing inflammation and boosting lung cell production of amphiregulin. Progesterone also promotes faster recovery from the infection.
Research published in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine found that acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are associated with significant long-term lung function loss. Those with mild COPD experienced the greatest FEV1 decline, with each exacerbation linked to an additional 23 m...
Recent studies on tuberculosis have yielded conflicting results, leaving questions about the role of the lung microbiome in the disease. The variability in study methods, particularly in sampling techniques, may be a major contributor to these discrepancies.
Researchers found that TB lesions can remain in lungs long after treatment with antibiotics has been completed. After six months of treatment, 50 patients still showed radiological abnormalities, indicating persistent TB bacteria.
Research suggests that antenatal factors contribute to life-long respiratory wellbeing of children, with larger fetuses having a reduced risk for asthma and better lung function. The study found an association between reduced fetal size and increased asthma risk, as well as reduced lung function in children aged 5-15 years.
A new study explores the potential use of artificial intelligence to analyze complete lung function tests and improve diagnosis accuracy. The algorithm simulates complex reasoning to provide a standardized and objective diagnosis, removing bias.
A study by Helmholtz Zentrum München found that myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are increased in the blood of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), correlating with lung function decline. MDSC may serve as a biomarker for IPF diagnosis and disease progression.
Researchers found that oxygen inhibits the anticancer activity of T cells in mice, allowing cancer cells to escape immune attack and establish metastatic colonies. Inhibiting oxygen-sensing proteins in T cells improved the efficacy of immunotherapy, suggesting a new approach for treating cancer.
Researchers discovered how lung's immune environment enables cancer to spread to the organ. Blocking oxygen-sensing proteins may enhance T-cell responses against cancer and limit metastasis.
The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases has awarded BRI a five-year, $8 million grant to collaborate with UW Medicine and SCRI on immune system responses to allergens in the lungs. This study aims to inform new treatments for allergies and asthma.
Doctors identify bagpipe lung as a potential hazard for wind instrument players due to fungal growth in moist interiors. A case report reveals a man's death from hypersensitivity pneumonitis linked to playing the bagpipes, highlighting the risk of contamination.
A study of 300 children with mild, persistent asthma found that acetaminophen was not associated with worsening asthma symptoms compared to ibuprofen. The results suggest that acetaminophen can be used safely in children with this condition.
A study published in JAMA Surgery found that major surgery patients are at a low risk of developing persistent opioid use. Out of 39,140 opioid-naive patients, only 168 continued to receive ongoing opioid prescriptions by 1 year after surgery, highlighting the low individual risk of long-term opioid use.
A new four-dimensional lung scanning platform developed at Monash University has the potential to transform treatment for millions of people with lung disease. The technology allows clinicians to detect changes in lung function earlier, enabling them to quantify the effects of treatment.
Researchers found that eliminating p19ARF-expressing cells enhances pulmonary function in mice. Senescent cells contribute to tissue aging and impaired lung function with age.
Researchers from Hebrew SeniorLife Institute for Aging Research found that women with the most severe kyphosis had the greatest declines in lung function. Hyperkyphosis restricts lung expansion and causes difficulty breathing, leading to serious health problems.
Researchers at UVA Health System have discovered a critical role of M-CSF in battling pneumonia. Without this cytokine, infected mice experience severe outcomes, including increased bacterial loads and organ failure.
A study by Japanese researchers found that watching TV for 2.5-4.9 hours daily increased pulmonary embolism deaths by 70%, with even more hours increasing the risk further. The risk is likely higher due to underreporting of deaths from this condition.
A DNA-modulating drug, BET inhibitor, attenuates CF lung inflammation by suppressing Th17 cell response and inflammatory factor release. In a mouse model, BET inhibitor treatment decreases lung inflammation without promoting infection, suggesting potential therapeutic use for CF patients.
Researchers at the University of Southampton have found a potential method for preventing asthma by targeting the ADAM33 gene, which is associated with airway remodelling and inflammation. Stopping the rogue gene can significantly reduce asthma symptoms in mice, suggesting a new approach to disease modification therapy.
A five-year program project grant will investigate the genetic basis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). The research aims to develop a more personalized medicine approach to ARDS and VILI, enabling physicians to make informed medical decisions.
A research team found that a fungus, Pneumocystis carinii, plays a more important role in pneumonia than previously thought. The fungus was detected in piglets of all ages and appeared to proliferate before bacterial pathogens, suggesting it may be a 'door opener' for secondary infections.
Researchers discovered gut bacteria in the deepest reaches of failing lungs, which was previously thought to be an impossible environment for them. The more severe critical illness, the more gut bugs outnumbered usual lung bacteria.
By inducing autophagy, researchers at Drexel University and Yale University decreased lung injury in mice exposed to high oxygen levels, offering a potential solution for preventing chronic lung conditions like Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants.
Empa researchers develop new flame retardants with improved flame retardancy and no toxic effects, highlighting the importance of toxicological cross-checking before mass production. The newly developed EDA-DOPO is a good candidate for further development, showing better safety and effectiveness than previously available products.
A new mouse model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia has been developed to study pulmonary hypertension, enabling the detection of the disease at an earlier time point through echocardiography tests. This breakthrough could lead to improved diagnoses and more effective treatments for premature infants.