Articles tagged with Lungs
Lab tests reveal e-cigarette vapor does not cause oxidative stress and cell death in lung epithelial cells, unlike cigarette smoke. Researchers developed a standardized method to compare the effects of conventional cigarette smoke and e-cigarette vapor on lung cells.
A study of 1329 adults with asthma found that active individuals had slightly less decline in lung function than inactive ones. Active asthmatic adults experienced 44 to 88 mL less decline in peak expiratory flow during follow-up.
A study published in PLOS Pathogens found that progesterone treatment reduces influenza infection severity by reducing inflammation and boosting lung cell production of amphiregulin. Progesterone also promotes faster recovery from the infection.
Research published in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine found that acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are associated with significant long-term lung function loss. Those with mild COPD experienced the greatest FEV1 decline, with each exacerbation linked to an additional 23 m...
Recent studies on tuberculosis have yielded conflicting results, leaving questions about the role of the lung microbiome in the disease. The variability in study methods, particularly in sampling techniques, may be a major contributor to these discrepancies.
Researchers found that TB lesions can remain in lungs long after treatment with antibiotics has been completed. After six months of treatment, 50 patients still showed radiological abnormalities, indicating persistent TB bacteria.
Research suggests that antenatal factors contribute to life-long respiratory wellbeing of children, with larger fetuses having a reduced risk for asthma and better lung function. The study found an association between reduced fetal size and increased asthma risk, as well as reduced lung function in children aged 5-15 years.
A new study explores the potential use of artificial intelligence to analyze complete lung function tests and improve diagnosis accuracy. The algorithm simulates complex reasoning to provide a standardized and objective diagnosis, removing bias.
A study by Helmholtz Zentrum München found that myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are increased in the blood of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), correlating with lung function decline. MDSC may serve as a biomarker for IPF diagnosis and disease progression.
Researchers discovered how lung's immune environment enables cancer to spread to the organ. Blocking oxygen-sensing proteins may enhance T-cell responses against cancer and limit metastasis.
Researchers found that oxygen inhibits the anticancer activity of T cells in mice, allowing cancer cells to escape immune attack and establish metastatic colonies. Inhibiting oxygen-sensing proteins in T cells improved the efficacy of immunotherapy, suggesting a new approach for treating cancer.
The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases has awarded BRI a five-year, $8 million grant to collaborate with UW Medicine and SCRI on immune system responses to allergens in the lungs. This study aims to inform new treatments for allergies and asthma.
Doctors identify bagpipe lung as a potential hazard for wind instrument players due to fungal growth in moist interiors. A case report reveals a man's death from hypersensitivity pneumonitis linked to playing the bagpipes, highlighting the risk of contamination.
A study of 300 children with mild, persistent asthma found that acetaminophen was not associated with worsening asthma symptoms compared to ibuprofen. The results suggest that acetaminophen can be used safely in children with this condition.
A study published in JAMA Surgery found that major surgery patients are at a low risk of developing persistent opioid use. Out of 39,140 opioid-naive patients, only 168 continued to receive ongoing opioid prescriptions by 1 year after surgery, highlighting the low individual risk of long-term opioid use.
A new four-dimensional lung scanning platform developed at Monash University has the potential to transform treatment for millions of people with lung disease. The technology allows clinicians to detect changes in lung function earlier, enabling them to quantify the effects of treatment.
Researchers found that eliminating p19ARF-expressing cells enhances pulmonary function in mice. Senescent cells contribute to tissue aging and impaired lung function with age.
Researchers from Hebrew SeniorLife Institute for Aging Research found that women with the most severe kyphosis had the greatest declines in lung function. Hyperkyphosis restricts lung expansion and causes difficulty breathing, leading to serious health problems.
Researchers at UVA Health System have discovered a critical role of M-CSF in battling pneumonia. Without this cytokine, infected mice experience severe outcomes, including increased bacterial loads and organ failure.
A study by Japanese researchers found that watching TV for 2.5-4.9 hours daily increased pulmonary embolism deaths by 70%, with even more hours increasing the risk further. The risk is likely higher due to underreporting of deaths from this condition.
A DNA-modulating drug, BET inhibitor, attenuates CF lung inflammation by suppressing Th17 cell response and inflammatory factor release. In a mouse model, BET inhibitor treatment decreases lung inflammation without promoting infection, suggesting potential therapeutic use for CF patients.
Researchers at the University of Southampton have found a potential method for preventing asthma by targeting the ADAM33 gene, which is associated with airway remodelling and inflammation. Stopping the rogue gene can significantly reduce asthma symptoms in mice, suggesting a new approach to disease modification therapy.
A five-year program project grant will investigate the genetic basis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). The research aims to develop a more personalized medicine approach to ARDS and VILI, enabling physicians to make informed medical decisions.
A research team found that a fungus, Pneumocystis carinii, plays a more important role in pneumonia than previously thought. The fungus was detected in piglets of all ages and appeared to proliferate before bacterial pathogens, suggesting it may be a 'door opener' for secondary infections.
By inducing autophagy, researchers at Drexel University and Yale University decreased lung injury in mice exposed to high oxygen levels, offering a potential solution for preventing chronic lung conditions like Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants.
Empa researchers develop new flame retardants with improved flame retardancy and no toxic effects, highlighting the importance of toxicological cross-checking before mass production. The newly developed EDA-DOPO is a good candidate for further development, showing better safety and effectiveness than previously available products.
Researchers discovered gut bacteria in the deepest reaches of failing lungs, which was previously thought to be an impossible environment for them. The more severe critical illness, the more gut bugs outnumbered usual lung bacteria.
A new mouse model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia has been developed to study pulmonary hypertension, enabling the detection of the disease at an earlier time point through echocardiography tests. This breakthrough could lead to improved diagnoses and more effective treatments for premature infants.
Researchers have found increased expression of galectin-3 protein in pulmonary hypertension, which causes unhealthy remodeling and constriction of lung blood vessels. They also discovered that a drug already tested for liver fibrosis can block or reverse early disease progression, offering new hope for treatment.
A new study confirms that annual follow-up with low-dose computed-tomography (CT) scans is sufficient for some lung nodules, eliminating the need for biopsy or surgery. The findings suggest that these nodules can be safely monitored and do not require immediate treatment.
Researchers have developed a lung-targeted gene therapy strategy that may improve treatments for inherited diseases like emphysema. The new approach, which delivers a normal copy of the gene to lung cells, shows promise in reducing disease severity and increasing protein production.
The updated guidelines highlight the importance of early diagnosis and treatment for invasive aspergillosis, a potentially deadly fungal infection. New therapies, including isavuconazole and posaconazole, have improved care, but aggressive diagnosis is still critical.
Johns Hopkins researchers discovered a root cause of lung damage in up to 10% of premature infants with necrotizing enterocolitis, a disorder that damages the intestine. A potential treatment, a sugar-like compound similar to breast milk, was successfully tested in mice and may one day be offered to human infants.
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) are linked to a deficiency in nonsense-mediated RNA decay (NMD), which deactivates the cell's quality control system and leads to increased inflammation. This finding may lead to new treatments for rare masses of immune cells.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have developed a new blood test to measure levels of hematoma-derived growth factor (HDGF), which rise predict survival in patients with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension. Higher levels of HDGF are linked to more extensive heart failure and poorer outcomes.
A new study identified a population of monocyte-derived cells that play a significant role in destroying Legionella bacteria. These cells respond to the infection within 24 hours and can control the bacteria, with researchers hoping to develop new treatments to strengthen the immune system.
Zika virus is likely transmitted through blood transfusions, prompting calls for evidence-based approach to protect the blood supply. Researchers recommend deferring donors with symptoms, developing better screening tests, and reducing pathogen transmission.
Scientists at Helmholtz Zentrum München are developing new tests to assess risks posed by nanomaterials in the airways, aiming to reduce complex toxicity tests. The project uses modern methods like systems biology and computer modeling to predict nanotoxicity.
A long-term study found that cannabis users had more gum disease, while tobacco smokers showed worse lung function and metabolic health. However, the researchers noted that heavy recreational cannabis use has some adverse consequences, but does not appear to cause significant damage to physical health.
Researchers developed a wearable system called Health and Environmental Tracker (HET) to monitor users' environment, heart rate, and other physical attributes to predict and prevent asthma attacks. The system uses novel sensing devices, including a spirometer, to track lung function and feed data into the system.
The review assesses the fibrotic potential of various nanomaterials, including multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and recommends in vitro approaches to predict lung fibrosis development. This scientific study aims to advance non-animal methods for studying nanomaterial effects on human health.
Cardiac arrhythmia is a significant complication following lung transplantation, affecting long-term patient survival. Researchers found that about 30% of patients developed arrhythmia, mostly during the first week post-surgery, with older patients and previous heart surgery being risk factors.
A study published in mSystems found that Burkholderia multivorans bacteria evolve and adapt in bursts to survive in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. The bacteria target adherence, metabolism, and changes to the cell envelope to evade antibiotics and persist in the host.
A new study reveals that suppressing a key protein, Chitinase 3-like-1 (CHI3L1), restores multiple antitumor responses in the lungs of mice, preventing cancer spread. Researchers tested an intervention that boosted the RIG-like helicase pathway, which counteracts CHI3L1's effects and decreases tumor-inducing responses.
Children with sickle cell disease show significant improvement in lung function after receiving hydroxyurea treatment. The study found a reduction of over one-third in the annual pulmonary function decline, indicating potential benefits for patients.
A new gene therapy has been developed to repair lungs damaged by chronic allergic asthma, reducing inflammation and improving airway structure and function. The study used a novel biodegradable platform to deliver the thymulin gene therapy, showing effective results in mice with experimental asthma.
Researchers found that participants with the top quartile of baseline fitness experienced the least annual decline in pulmonary function. Sustained or improved fitness was also associated with the least decline in lung function over 20 years, regardless of obesity and smoking status.
A new study shows that helmet-based ventilation outperforms face mask ventilation for patients with respiratory distress syndrome, reducing the need for intubation and improving survival rates. Patients using helmets spent less time in the intensive care unit and had better outcomes.
Exacerbations of COPD accelerate lung-function loss among patients with mild disease, according to researchers. The study found that exacerbations resulted in significant additional decline in FEV1 lung function, particularly among GOLD 1 patients.
A new study found that exacerbations in COPD patients are associated with excess loss of lung function, particularly in those with mild disease. The researchers analyzed data from over 2,800 patients and found that each exacerbation was linked to a decline in FEV1, the amount of air a person can forcefully blow out of their lungs.
A new study found that nickel and vanadium, emitted by burning fuel oil, may be damaging to children's developing lungs. The research, presented at the ATS 2016 International Conference, analyzed data from 1,911 elementary school-aged children in Southern California communities.
Researchers found that patients with ARDS were more likely to have ILA, and those with ILA on CT imaging prior to ARDS development had a greater risk of in-hospital mortality. This suggests ILA may be a risk factor for ARDS.
The minimally invasive implantation of tiny coils improves exercise ability, lung function and quality of life for patients with severe emphysema. Patients who received coils showed a modest improvement in walking distance and lung function compared to those who didn't receive them.
Nearly half of patients with severe asthma had very poorly controlled symptoms over a decade, associated with comorbidities and poorer lung function. Persistent VPC asthma was linked to higher disease burden, compromised lung function, and lower medication adherence.
Scientists at Queen's University Belfast have discovered a new molecule that can potentially prolong the life of individuals with cystic fibrosis by improving airway hydration and mucous clearance. The treatment targets the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), preventing chronic infections and inflammation that cause progressive lung damage.
A study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found a link between persistent childhood asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in early adulthood. Children with low lung function at a young age were more likely to develop COPD later in life, regardless of treatment or smoking exposure.
The Wilderness Medical Society has released comprehensive guidelines for preventing and treating drowning, with a focus on rescue, resuscitation, and clinical management. The new recommendations aim to reduce the 10 daily US fatalities and 3,800 annual drownings, emphasizing importance of water safety measures.
Scientists have discovered novel driver mutations in lung cancer cells that may be responsive to targeted therapies and immunotherapy. The study identified 38 significantly mutated genes in lung adenocarcinoma and 20 in lung squamous cell carcinoma, with only 6 shared by both types.
A new study published in Frontiers in Pediatrics investigated the effects of a steroid treatment on children with ARDS, finding improved ventilation and blood oxygenation without affecting mortality rates. The study identified key biomarkers associated with lung inflammation and injury, paving the way for targeted treatment development.
Researchers designed a biomimetic environment to support the growth of engineered whole lungs. The new bioreactor system mimics ventilation and blood flow in the chest cavity, keeping lung tissue alive and functional.