Articles tagged with Urine
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A new study on orangutans under dietary stress in Borneo reveals how their adaptation to hard, tough foods may have influenced human evolution. The research suggests that the orangutans' larger molars and more robust jaws developed in response to these challenging food sources.
Researchers found that small vesicles called exosome-like vesicles (ELVs) are involved in transporting signals through urine and interacting with primary cilia in the kidneys. This discovery may help understand how gene mutations cause autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD), a condition that often leads to kidney failure.
A new study uses exhaled breath to detect exposure to potentially toxic substances in workplaces and environments. The technology is non-invasive, quick, and inexpensive, with hand-held equipment that can detect minute amounts of substances.
Researchers found that low concentrations of carbon nanoparticles can cause leakage in the cellular lining of the renal nephron, leading to potential harm. The study highlights the need for further research into the effects of CNPs on human health and the environment.
Feeding cows natural plant extracts can reduce dairy farm odors and feed costs. Adding tannins to cow feed reduces ammonia emissions from barn floors and fertilized fields by 28-49%. This study aims to provide a practical solution for the US dairy industry, which has been petitioned to regulate ammonia under the Clean Air Act.
A new study found that African Americans are more likely to develop kidney failure due to high levels of protein in the urine. The study analyzed data from 27,911 individuals and found that African Americans were four times more likely to develop kidney failure than whites.
Researchers at Stanford University discovered that Toxoplasma-infected male rats exhibit altered brain activity in response to cat urine, suggesting a manipulation of fear and attraction pathways. The parasite benefits from this alteration, as infected rats become less fearful and more drawn to cats.
Researchers found that adolescents and young adults with persistent, microscopic blood in their urine had a higher risk of developing end-stage renal disease over a 20-year follow-up period. The study included data from 1,203,626 individuals and revealed a significantly increased risk of ESRD associated with the condition.
Two studies found that three protein measurements can identify high-risk patients for kidney injury after heart surgery. These biomarkers may transform the diagnosis of kidney disease, enabling early interventions and improving patient outcomes.
A new urine test uses a portable 'electronic nose' to detect tuberculosis (TB) by analyzing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in patient urine. The test shows promise as a fast and inexpensive diagnostic tool for TB, which affects millions worldwide.
Researchers measured HAA levels in swimmers' and pool workers' urine after exposure to chlorinated water. The study found that HAAs appeared 20-30 minutes after exposure and were eliminated within three hours, with children accumulating higher concentrations.
Researchers have discovered a breakthrough therapy for patients with kidney disease by reprogramming their own kidney cells. The process involves collecting cells from urine and coaxed them into becoming progenitor cells that can form healthy kidney tissue.
A large-scale study by the University of Michigan found a link between phthalates and BPA exposure and decreased thyroid hormone levels in adults. The study suggests that exposure to these chemicals may have significant health implications, particularly for fetal and child development.
The ClearBlue Digital Ovulation test accurately predicts ovulation in 99% of women, surpassing the calendar method's accuracy rate of one in four.
Despite better glucose, lipid and blood pressure control, diabetic kidney disease continues to increase in prevalence. Tight control of blood sugar levels did not lead to significant improvements in kidney function, suggesting additional interventions are needed to prevent the disease.
GEN reports on innovative approaches to detect cancer at an early stage, with potential benefits of reduced invasive biopsies and imaging studies. Researchers are validating biomarkers like CA125 and matrix metalloproteases in urine for ovarian cancer detection.
A study of 26,643 U.S. adults found that combining creatinine, cystatin C, and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio improved prediction of end-stage renal disease and all-cause death. The researchers identified a 3-fold risk of death and 4-fold risk of end-stage renal disease associated with the combined markers.
A new home urine test has been developed to measure insulin production in patients with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, replacing multiple blood tests. The test can differentiate between the two types of diabetes and rare genetic forms.
Researchers at Texas A&M University found that male swordtail fish strategically release pheromone-packed urine in the presence of females as a display of courtship. The study, published in PLOS ONE, challenges previous assumptions about passive pheromone release in fish.
Researchers have identified a protein that compromises kidney function and cause nephrotic syndrome. A naturally occurring precursor to an acid in the body may offer a new potential treatment for some forms of the condition.
Researchers analyzed over 920,000 adults and found that a faster kidney filtration rate and higher protein levels in the urine increased the risk of acute kidney injury. The study suggests using both kidney function data and proteinuria to identify individuals at risk.
A new study found that low amounts of albumin in the urine, even at clinically insignificant levels, strongly predict faster cognitive decline in older women. This association was strongest for verbal fluency scores, suggesting albuminuria may be an early marker of diffuse vascular disease.
Scientists have discovered how kidney filters become damaged in renal failure, leading to increased permeability and protein loss in the urine. A new class of drugs called endothelin A receptor antagonists shows promise in reducing protein levels, promising relief for patients with diabetes and high-salt diets.
A study of 66 surgeons found that duration of surgery and blood loss are associated with increased stress scores, while night duty is linked to lower stress arousal scores. The authors argue that improving working conditions for surgeons, including reducing night duty, can lead to better patient care and reduced errors.
A new urine test has shown promise in detecting acute kidney injury (AKI) by identifying specific markers in the urine. Elevated levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and its mRNA were found in urine samples from both mice and human patients with AKI, suggesting a potential diagnostic marker.
A five-year study found that workers with high urine BPA levels had decreased sperm concentration, total sperm count, and vitality. The association between BPA exposure and poor semen quality strengthens evidence that BPA may have detrimental effects on the male reproductive system.
Scientists use rock hyrax urine to study long-term climate change, providing unique terrestrial records. Biomarkers in the urine reveal insights into ancient environments and potential climate drivers.
A study found that buprenorphine implants significantly reduced opioid use over 16 weeks, with 65.7% of patients remaining in the study for 24 weeks and fewer withdrawal symptoms. The implants also showed promise in decreasing non-medical opioid use.
A DASH-style diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, and dairy products, may help prevent kidney stones by increasing urinary volume and citrate levels. The study suggests that a DASH-style diet could be an effective way to reduce the risk of kidney stone recurrence.
Researchers found that cranberry juice cocktail prevents E. coli from sticking to other bacteria and forming biofilms, which can lead to urinary tract infections. The study suggests that the beneficial substances in cranberry juice could reach the urinary tract within 8 hours after consumption.
A morning urine test is superior for detecting declining kidney performance in patients with diabetic kidney disease. The albumin:creatinine ratio from a first morning urine sample predicts worsening kidney problems more accurately than other methods.
Researchers at Imperial College London have discovered a distinctive chemical fingerprint in the urine of children with autism, which could lead to a simple non-invasive test for early diagnosis. This finding has the potential to improve the progress of autistic children by enabling them to receive advanced behavioral therapy earlier.
Scientists have identified a key pheromone, darcin, responsible for male mouse 'sex appeal.' This chemical stimulates females to remember individual males and prefer them over others. By understanding the role of darcin, researchers may develop new methods for pest control and gain insights into animal behavior.
A Kaiser Permanente study associates increasing BPA levels in urine with decreased sexual desire, difficulty having an erection, and lower overall satisfaction with sex life. The five-year study of 427 Chinese factory workers found a dose-response association between higher BPA exposure and male sexual dysfunction.
Two surgical techniques for female stress incontinence were found to be equivalent in efficacy but differed in side effects. The retropubic procedure had a higher rate of urinary dysfunction requiring surgery compared to the transobturator procedure. These findings will help guide care for women undergoing stress-incontinence surgery.
A meta-analysis of over 1 million people found that both low kidney filtration rate (GFR) and high albumin: creatinine ratio independently predict mortality risk in the general population. Low GFRs were associated with increased risks, with those below 60 mL/min/1•73 m² experiencing a 57% increased risk of death.
A new study published in The Lancet found that common blood tests for kidney function and urine protein levels can predict mortality risk. People with high levels of albumin in their urine were at a higher risk of mortality, with an increased risk of nearly 50% at certain thresholds.
Scientists developed a urine test for detecting colon cancer by analyzing chemical differences in human urine samples. The study identified 16 substances associated with colon cancer, offering potential for an alternative screening method to colonoscopy.
A Phase 2 study demonstrated that BOTOX provides a clinically meaningful benefit for idiopathic OAB patients with urinary urgency incontinence. The study found that doses of 100U-150U provided the optimal balance between efficacy and safety, with significant reductions in symptoms and increases in PVR at higher doses.
Researchers identified two proteins in urine that accurately reveal 90% of all kidney cancers, offering a promising diagnostic tool. The discovery could save lives and preserve kidney function by detecting the disease at an early stage.
Research suggests that females initiate courtship in crayfish and send conflicting signals to males via urine sprays. This allows females to gauge male size and strength, ensuring only the fittest males fertilize their eggs.
People in seven European countries show positive attitudes toward NoMix toilets, which separate urine from feces to reduce pollution and conserve resources. The innovative technology is well-accepted, with 80% of users expressing support and many willing to use it at work or home.
A new study from UT Southwestern Medical Center found that gastric bypass surgery can increase the risk of developing kidney stones in patients. The researchers discovered significant changes in urine composition, including elevated oxalate levels and low citrate levels, which can lead to stone formation.
Researchers have developed a urine test that measures the extent of nitrosation and garlic consumption in humans. The study found that higher garlic intake was associated with lower levels of potential carcinogenic compounds, suggesting that garlic may play a role in inhibiting cancer formation.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center discovered that a simple urine test for four proteins might be able to detect early kidney disease in people with lupus. The findings suggest the tests could pinpoint kidney disease better than existing tests, potentially leading to earlier diagnosis and treatment.
Researchers have discovered that lung cancer tumors alter the odor of bodily fluids, allowing for early detection through trained animal sensors and chemical analysis. The findings hold promise for improving diagnostic and prognostic approaches to lung cancer treatment.
A recent study published in Diabetes Care found that excess protein in the urine is a strong indicator of heart disease risk in white populations, but not in black populations. The study suggests that biologic factors may be at play, with whites being more susceptible to heart disease and blacks showing protective effects.
A new study by Carolyn Slupsky reveals a distinct pattern of metabolites in urine samples from patients with Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced pneumonia, enabling faster and more accurate diagnosis. This breakthrough paves the way for early treatment initiation, potentially saving lives.
Researchers at UC Davis have developed a fast and accurate urine test for pneumonia using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The test identifies a unique chemical 'fingerprint' in the urine of patients infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae, distinguishing it from other types of pneumonia and noninfectious lung diseases.
Researchers have discovered a urine test technique that can determine whether a child has obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) or habitual snoring. The study found that certain proteins are differently expressed in children with OSA compared to those with habitual snoring or healthy non-snoring children.
A pilot study of 145 preschool children found that higher phthalate exposure was associated with less male-typical play, such as trucks and rough-and-tumble play. The study suggests that fetal exposure to anti-androgens like phthalates may alter masculine brain development.
Scientists found that natalizumab treatment reactsivate dormant JC virus, leading to PML. Measures of the virus in urine increased after 12 months, and blood samples showed presence in 60% of patients at 18 months.
Researchers found that urine-based fertilizer alone can produce four times more tomatoes than non-fertilized plants, while combining with wood ash reduces acidity in acidic soils. This innovative approach provides a low-cost and chemical-free method for increasing crop yields.
A new diagnostic test, urine LAM-ELISA, was tested on 291 Tanzanian patients suspected of having TB and found to have a disappointing sensitivity of 50.7%. The specificity of the test was also low at 87.8%, raising concerns about its reliability as a standalone diagnostic tool.
A spot urine test has been developed to monitor dietary sodium compliance in patients with liver disease and ascites. The study found adequate accuracy for the spot urine test, making it a valuable tool for identifying non-compliant patients.
Researchers found that increased IgM excretion in diabetic nephropathy patients is associated with higher mortality from cardiovascular causes and faster disease progression. This biomarker may offer a new approach to manage the condition.
A new urine test can diagnose Chlamydia in men within an hour, reducing the risk of transmission and complications. The test is more accurate than existing methods and has received regulatory approval.
A new laboratory test called urine neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) has been found to help predict acute kidney injury (AKI) in intensive care patients. NGAL levels are also higher in patients with HIV-associated nephropathy, a complication of HIV affecting African Americans and black Africans.
Researchers at Columbia University Medical Center have discovered a protein called NGAL that can help diagnose kidney disease caused by HIV. High levels of the protein in urine may indicate the presence of HIV-associated nephropathy, allowing for earlier intervention and potentially preventing kidney failure.
This study investigated microproteinuria as an indicator for CNI-related nephrotoxicity in liver transplant recipients. Microproteinuria, including β2-microglobulin and α1-microglobulin, was found to be a sensitive marker for detecting CNI-related nephrotoxicity, with correlations between urinary levels and renal function reductions.