Articles tagged with Radiation
A new study highlights alternative treatment options that consider a patient's likelihood of recovery and quality of life. Total Definitive Treatment (TDT) is an approach that combines chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and close monitoring to potentially cure patients without surgery.
Patients with severe coronary artery calcium have a significantly increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events during thoracic radiation therapy for non-small cell lung cancer. The study found that patients with severe coronary artery calcium had a 21.4 times increased risk compared to those with no coronary artery calcium.
A genome study found significant variation in human ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes based on geographic ancestry, particularly in the 28S rRNA segment. This discovery suggests that these variants may be important for understanding cancer development and functionally assessing their impact on ribosome functions.
A research team from the University of Jena has made an important breakthrough in generating high-energy proton radiation using laser-plasma interaction. By precisely adjusting parameters such as foil thickness, laser focusing, and pulse duration, they have achieved a maximum energy yield that could enable the development of smaller an...
Researchers found that glioma cells with mutated ATRX have reduced Chk1 activity, leading to dysregulated cell cycle and heightened sensitivity to ATM inhibitors. The study suggests that combining radiation therapy with these inhibitors may improve treatment outcomes for patients with this gene mutation.
A new meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials found that adding androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) to definitive radiotherapy prevents one cancer from metastasizing for every 10 to 15 men treated. Prolonging adjuvant ADT also showed significant benefits, while neoadjuvant ADT was not effective beyond two months.
The American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) has released a new clinical guideline outlining the use of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) to treat adult patients with primary liver cancers. The guidelines emphasize multidisciplinary care and provide evidence-based recommendations on indications, dosing, techniques, and trea...
A new post-surgery approach for treating HPV-related throat cancer uses low-dose radiation and spares the majority of patients from chemotherapy. The trial found high survival rates and quality of life in patients at medium risk for recurrence.
A recent study found that despite some progress, the US academic workforce in radiation and medical oncology remains underrepresented compared to the broader US cancer population. The study emphasizes the need for continued efforts to recruit and retain diverse faculty members.
A new diagnostic tool for breast cancer uses a low-voltage electrical current to detect changes in lymphatic interstitial fluid, showing 70% effectiveness in predicting cancer presence. The device can be used repeatedly on women of any age, providing an additional diagnostic option for younger patients and those with dense breast tissue.
Women with breast cancer are at a higher risk of developing atrial fibrillation and dying from heart-related issues within the first year. The condition was more common in women who did not receive surgery or radiation as their initial treatment.
A new study found that low-dose CT scans are as accurate as standard-dose scans in diagnosing appendicitis and differentiating between uncomplicated and complicated cases. This breakthrough could lead to reduced radiation exposure for young patients, improving treatment outcomes.
A multi-center study demonstrated improved overall survival and quality of life for inoperable pancreatic cancer patients treated with MRIdian SMART, with a median survival of 26 months. The treatment showed low rates of major adverse events and was more effective than standard radiation therapy.
A recent clinical trial found that a shortened course of radiation therapy after prostate removal surgery does not increase long-term side effects or lower quality of life compared to conventional treatment. Patients who underwent hypofractionated, post-operative radiation therapy experienced comparable genitourinary and gastrointestin...
A new study finds that high-dose radiation therapy can lengthen progression-free survival for people with advanced lung cancer when systemic therapy has not fully halted tumor growth or spread. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) shows promise in treating oligoprogressive, metastatic lung and breast cancer.
Researchers identified ALRs as key genetic factors influencing treatment response to radiation and chemotherapy. Cells deficient in ALRs are more resistant to radiation and chemotherapy, while those with higher ALR levels are more sensitive.
Researchers at H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute use computer modeling to study the relationship between tumor-immune environment and radiation response. They discover that tumor cells will either escape immune predation or be eradicated based on the numbers of immune effector and suppressor cells present. The model hel...
Pediatric oncologist Adam Green and his team have discovered genetic mutations that may predict the development of these secondary tumors, allowing for early detection and alternative treatments. They are also exploring FDA-approved chemotherapy drugs as potential treatments.
A Dartmouth research team has been selected to present their abstract on a new advancement in Cherenkov imaging at the ASTRO Annual Meeting. The work, which involves designing a color-sensitive camera to image Cherenkov emission from patients, allows for more accurate quantification of radiation delivery and safe treatment.
Researchers found that buttes on Mars can block about 20% of radiation from the sky, reducing the dose by a significant amount. However, this effect is limited by albedo radiation, which increases when the terrain reflects and emits radiation backwards.
Researchers from Cleveland Clinic have published results showing that Temporally Feathered Radiation Therapy (TFRT) is a safe and feasible approach to reduce toxicity in radiation treatment. The technique optimizes radiation delivery time to improve normal tissue recovery, potentially improving patient quality of life.
Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory are advancing various technologies to minimize oil leaks, enable 3D printing in space, and increase fuel efficiency from ethanol. They have developed a quantum sensing system to detect pipeline leaks more quickly, built a thermal protection shield for a capsule launched into space, and creat...
A new clinical guideline from ASTRO provides guidance on the use of radiation therapy to treat adult patients with soft tissue sarcoma, recommending optimal radiation dosing and techniques. The guideline also addresses the role of radiation therapy for retroperitoneal sarcomas.
A study by Environmental Working Group (EWG) recommends stringent health-based exposure standards for radiofrequency radiation emitted from wireless devices. EWG suggests that children's exposure should be 200 to 400 lower than the whole-body exposure limit set by the FCC in 1996.
A WVU researcher led a task group to develop guidelines for reducing data transfer errors in radiation therapy. The measures aim to safeguard against medical errors in treatments that over half of all cancer patients receive.
Researchers developed a novel treatment using stereotactic ablative radiation (SABR) to deliver high doses of radiation to tumor vein extensions. The approach has shown promise in reducing metastases and improving patient outcomes.
Researchers discover that children with average risk medulloblastoma can receive a smaller volume of radiation boost without reducing survival rates. However, reducing the dose of radiation given to the whole brain and spine over six weeks had a negative impact on survival.
A study by Princess Margaret researchers found that AI-generated radiation treatments were deemed clinically acceptable for patients in most cases, with 89% of ML-treatments preferred over human-generated ones. However, physician preferences changed when actual treatment was at stake, reducing the use of ML-generated treatments to 61%....
Researchers at University College London have pioneered a single-dose radiotherapy approach for breast cancer treatment that is as effective as traditional radiotherapy and avoids potential damage to nearby organs. The treatment, TARGIT-IORT, has been shown to reduce the risk of fatal cardiovascular disease and other cancers in patients.
A new study led by UT Southwestern scientists shows that an experimental drug, avasopasem manganese (AVA), enhances radiation's capacity to kill tumors while protecting healthy tissue from collateral damage. The findings could provide a much-needed boost to radiation treatments used against various tumor types.
A review of virtual reality training programs found that they can elicit empathetic behavior in medical radiation technologists, improving patient-centered care. The study suggests VR may be an effective tool for learning care recipients' perspectives and controlling biases in future research.
A recent Baycrest-Sunnybrook pilot study found that low-dose radiation therapy showed remarkable improvements in behavior and cognition within days in individuals living with severe Alzheimer's. The treatment used a CT scanner to deliver low doses of radiation, stimulating the body's natural protection systems to work harder.
The review highlights focused, high-dose radiation's potential to destroy small tumors with minimal impact on surrounding normal tissue. Researchers aim to tailor radiotherapy to optimize benefits and minimize risks through advanced techniques like stereotactic body radiation therapy and radiosurgery.
Researchers developed a link discovery method using terahertz radiation, enabling the detection of non-line-of-sight (NLOS) paths in wireless communications. The study reveals that transmitters with strong angular dispersion can exploit NLOS links to provide faster connectivity.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital develop a new radiation technique that carefully targets tumors while sparing surrounding tissues, reducing inflammation and preserving swallowing function. The study shows promising results in patients with localized lung cancer, with none developing severe esophagitis despite high-dose ra...
Researchers found that regulatory T cells are silencing T cells in cold tumors, leading to reduced immune response. Using medication to deactivate Tregs and radiation treatment can help boost immune response.
Researchers are developing new conditioning therapies with fewer side effects, targeting specific proteins on hematopoietic stem cells to make room for healthy ones. This could lead to more patients being able to safely undergo stem cell treatments, reducing complications and improving outcomes.
Researchers have developed a novel method to detect and manipulate the terahertz optoacoustic signal of water, enabling sensitive detection of solutes like ions with an order of magnitude greater sensitivity than traditional spectroscopy. This breakthrough allows for nondestructive analysis of aqueous solutions and tissues, opening up ...
Researchers aim to create diamond windows that can withstand high levels of radiation, a crucial step towards building safer fusion reactors. The University of Tartu's three-year project involves partnerships with German and Latvian institutions to develop materials and technologies necessary for the DEMO reactor.
A phase 2 clinical trial found that brentuximab vedotin achieved excellent outcomes in high-risk pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma patients, with a three-year survival rate of 99% and reduced radiation exposure. The targeted therapy also minimized side effects, particularly neuropathy.
Researchers have created the first in-vitro patient-derived 3D organoid models of nasopharyngeal cancer, enabling them to predict optimal radiation treatment doses. These models mimic the hypoxic radioresistant sub-volumes of recurrent NPC and have shown that radiation dose escalation can improve treatment outcomes.
Scientists from Lancaster and Manchester Universities have received a £1.49 million grant to research the use of robots for nuclear decontamination. The ALACANDRA project aims to improve the interpretation of robot-derived information from complex, cluttered spaces contaminated with dispersed radioactivity.
Researchers found that fat grafting procedures can reduce pain and improve skin health in patients with radiation-induced skin injury, leading to better outcomes and improved quality of life. However, more research is needed to confirm the benefits and address potential risks.
Researchers discovered that ferulic acid primed stem cells can repair bone damage caused by radiation. The study found that FA enhances the bone repair effects of skeletal stem cells by activating specific pathways, making it a potential novel strategy in treating irradiated bone injury.
Researchers investigated the use of lithium chloride to promote restoration of oral mucosa integrity and taste function after radiation. The study found that LiCl alleviated weight loss and tongue ulceration while promoting epithelial cell proliferation and inhibiting transition in tongue mucosa.
Using numerical modeling of cough droplets' diffusion produced by coughs, researchers in Italy explore deactivating COVID-19 virus particles via UV-C light. They found that 1 meter of social distancing is not completely safe to avoid virus transmission, while 2 meters can reduce the risk by about 50%.
Researchers at PNNL develop new detection method for ultra-trace elements like uranium and thorium, allowing for precise measurement in valuable metals like gold. The technique enables detection limits as low as 10 parts per trillion in gold, revolutionizing the semiconductor industry and sensitive particle detection.
A new study using AI to examine the fossil record found that mass extinctions rarely create productive periods of species evolution, or 'radiations,' contrary to traditional ideas. Instead, the study suggests that many remarkable times of evolutionary radiation occurred when life entered new environments.
Researchers found that women with low levels of senescence-associated secreted phenotypes (SASPs) had higher survival rates than those with high levels. Brachytherapy greatly improved survival in patients with high SASP levels, but had little impact on those with low levels.
Researchers found that space travel can make cellular mitochondria dysfunctional due to changes in gravity, radiation exposure, and other factors. This has significant implications for future space travel and medical science on Earth.
Researchers studied the effects of long-duration space flight on telomere length and DNA damage in a group of 10 astronauts, finding evidence of oxidative stress and individual differences in responses. The study suggests that telomeres may be affected by chronic oxidative stress during spaceflight.
A new study has identified two types of bacteria that can provide protection against radiation exposure by increasing production of propionate and tryptophan. These metabolites were found in leukemia patients undergoing radiotherapy, suggesting a potential alternative to expensive and potentially harmful treatments.
The study found that patients with a radio-sensitive genotype have better survival with standard radiation therapy, while those with the resistant genotype fare better with high dose radiotherapy. High dose radiotherapy is associated with shorter survival times among patients with the sensitive genotype.
A survey of nearly 400 cancer survivors found that 87% experienced sexual side effects, but most were not formally asked by their oncologist. Female patients were particularly unlikely to be discussed with. Researchers recommend using a standard questionnaire to initiate conversations and improve patient experience.
A randomized phase III trial found that stereotactic radiosurgery reduces cognitive decline without compromising survival for patients with four or more brain metastases. Patients who received SRS had better preserved cognitive function compared to those who received whole-brain radiation therapy.
A randomized phase II/III trial found that SBRT reduced pain in patients with spinal metastases by 35% after three months, compared to 14% for conventional radiation. Patients treated with SBRT also experienced higher satisfaction rates related to financial considerations.
A phase II trial shows similar safety and efficacy with single- and multiple-fraction treatment for patients with limited oligometastases. The study found comparable survival rates, local control rates, and disease-free survival rates between the two treatment groups.
A randomized phase III trial found that image-guided intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) improves long-term toxicity-free survival and reduces gastrointestinal side effects in women with cervical cancer. The study showed a significant reduction in moderate-to-severe gastrointestinal side effects compared to 3D-CRT, with improv...
The NRG-RTOG 0712 trial demonstrated high efficacy rates for both gemcitabine and daily radiation regimens, with 79% and 85% distant metastasis-free rates at 3 years, respectively. The findings confirm the acceptance of these treatments as alternatives to cystectomy.
A new Penn study found administering radiation therapy to multiple myeloma patients waiting for CAR T cells to be manufactured was safe and did not interfere with cellular therapy. Patients who received radiation 34 days or fewer before infusion had similar rates of severe side effects as those who did not receive radiation.