Articles tagged with Animal Experimentation
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Rats exposed to tobacco smoke show affective and physical withdrawal signs, as well as nicotine-induced changes in the hippocampus, indicating nicotine dependence. The study suggests a rat model can be used to investigate tobacco smoke's effects on the human brain and evaluate novel treatments for tobacco addiction.
A study published in PNAS found that adolescent rats exposed to alcohol showed a bias towards uncertain rewards, while control group rats made more informed decisions. This research suggests a causal link between early heavy drinking and later adult decision-making impairments.
Researchers at the University of Kentucky have identified a visible response to head trauma called the 'fencing response,' which can indicate damage to brainstem regions. This finding has immediate value for coaches and trainers, as it provides an objective cue to assess whether an athlete should return to play after a blow to the head.
Researchers found that four strains of probiotics, including E.faecalis, alleviated symptoms of experimental colitis in mice. The study suggests that different probiotics have varying effects on the condition, with E_faecalis showing superior benefits.
Researchers found that making comparisons, even on unrelated topics, activates a comparative mind-set that boosts willingness to buy one out of two options. This effect persists and influences decisions in subsequent situations.
This study investigates whether delayed ethyl pyruvate therapy can attenuate experimental SAP via reducing serum HMGB1 levels in rats. The results showed that ethyl pyruvate significantly reduced serum HMGB1 levels, protected against liver, renal, and lung injury, and prolonged survival time in rats.
New research finds that distractions can aid in solving complex problems through unconscious thought, but conscious thought is necessary for applying solutions. In contrast, easier problems may require focused attention to find the solution.
Rutgers geneticist Gleb Shumyatsky discovered a link between the stathmin gene and helicopter mom behavior in mice. Mice lacking this gene took longer to retrieve pups and showed less cautious behavior towards peers, revealing the importance of innate fear in species survival.
Researchers at Jefferson University have identified a key signaling protein that enables prostate cancer cells to metastasize. Blocking this protein, Stat3, can prevent prostate cancer from spreading, offering new potential therapies.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital found that the prestin protein embedded in outer hair cell membranes plays a critical role in amplifying sound signals. This discovery sheds light on the mechanisms behind acute hearing loss due to genetic mutations or drug overdoses.
In experiments, chimpanzees showed an ability to recognize and generalize behavioral traits in strangers, forming reputation judgments based on observation. This finding suggests that chimps may possess a system for attributing reputation, a crucial feature of cooperative exchanges.
Cotton-top tamarins display grasps consistent with end-state comfort in experiments, suggesting sophisticated motor planning. The results challenge previous attributions of nonhuman species' cognitive abilities.
A new study reveals that elephants can categorize human ethnic groups into subclasses based on subtle cues such as scent and garment color. Elephants in Kenya reacted with greater fear when detecting the scent of garments worn by Maasai warriors, while also responding aggressively to red clothing traditionally worn by young Maasai men.
Researchers at the University of Texas Medical Branch have developed a potential new therapy for uveitis, an inflammatory eye condition causing 5-15% of all cases of total blindness in the US. The treatment uses an aldose reductase inhibitor to reduce inflammation and is currently being tested in clinical trials.
Researchers studied visual restoration therapy for stroke patients, finding that the training induces specific changes in brain activity. The study demonstrates a potential for visual therapy in partially-blind stroke patients and provides an important starting point for understanding its effectiveness.
Scientists at University of Bonn discover endocannabinoids regulate inflammation processes. Extracts from hemp plant also show anti-inflammatory effects, potentially leading to new treatments.
A new experimental drug blocks a protein linked to metabolic diseases, preventing and treating type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis in genetically predisposed mice. The compound's effectiveness suggests it may be protective against other metabolic disorders, including asthma.
A study by Columbia's Primate Cognition Laboratory found that monkeys can acquire meta-cognitive skills, reflecting on their thought process and assessing performance. This ability has far-reaching implications for understanding cognitive development in infants and autistic children.
A new study reveals that diabetes causes erectile dysfunction by affecting the brain's nitric oxide mechanisms. The researchers found that restoring nitric oxide production in the brain can alleviate erectile dysfunction in diabetic rats.
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute discovered that lowering core body temperature extends lifespan in mice, independent of calorie restriction. The study found a significant increase in median lifespan, with females living up to 20% longer and males by 12%.
Doris Tsao's research has shown that specific regions in the monkey brain are dedicated to recognizing faces, with neurons responding strongly to human and monkey faces. Her findings suggest that each face-recognizing neuron is tuned to respond to specific facial characteristics, allowing for the reconstruction of any face.
A study by Felix Warneken and Mike Tomasello found that children as young as 18 months willingly helped complete strangers, even without any reward. The children's ability to infer when someone needed help suggests a natural inclination towards altruism.
Researchers from the UAB have found a direct relationship between morphine addiction and a tendency to explore perseveringly in rats. The study suggests that individuals with a greater propensity to seek new sensations may be more likely to develop an addiction to morphine.
Researchers Kerry Jordan and Elizabeth Brannon found that seven-month-old infants spent more time looking at video images matching the number of women talking, similar to monkeys who chose videos with matching sounds. The study suggests an internal representation of 'two-ness' or 'three-ness' in preverbal infants.
Research reveals that blocking the fat hormone leptin can slow disease progression and reduce symptoms in multiple sclerosis. Leptin blockade improves clinical symptoms, slows disease progression, reduces disease relapses, and decreases antigen-specific T cells.
Researchers demonstrated how monkeys update depth motion with the help of their middle ears. The study strongly implicated the vestibular system in this process, showing that intact motion cues are critical for reconstructing three-dimensional visual space during motion in depth.
Researchers found that abstract symbols can lead 3-year-olds to choose smaller rewards over larger ones, improving their impulse control. In contrast, tangible objects like candy often tempt children towards bigger rewards.
Researchers discovered that monkeys perceive vibration frequency by analyzing neuronal firing patterns, particularly in the first 250 milliseconds. The findings suggest a complex process where attention to the initial response dominates perception, with subsequent firings becoming less significant.
Researchers at Duke University found that monkeys prefer to look at video images matching the number of sounds they heard, suggesting an innate ability to represent numbers across senses. This discovery resolves a longstanding debate on whether animals possess numerical abilities tied to specific senses.
Researchers discovered that monkeys can control a robot arm using only their brain signals, adapting neural structures and expanding capability. The study reveals the remarkable flexibility of the primate brain in incorporating artificial tools into its function.
Researchers at Yale University found that rhesus monkeys only took grapes when they couldn't see the other person looking at them. This suggests that monkeys can reason about the mental states of others, including perception. The study's findings could provide insight into the causes of autism and social interactions.
In a groundbreaking study, rhesus monkeys demonstrated the ability to assess visual perspectives of others during competitive interactions for food. By considering whether a competitor could or couldn't see them, monkeys made strategic decisions to maximize their chances of acquiring food.
Researchers at University of California - San Diego have made a significant breakthrough in treating inflammatory bowel disease by discovering the molecular mechanism behind IFN-α/β therapy. The study reveals that activated IFN-α/β plays a protective role in colonic inflammation and maintains intestinal homeostasis.
Researchers found that TLR9-induced protection is mediated through type I IFN induction, which suppresses inflammation. Type I IFN has a protective role in colon injury and protects against colonic inflammation.
Researchers found that brain center's neurons encoded learning associated with taste stimuli, revealing different circuitry for processing rewarding and aversive stimuli. The study supports the idea that individual NAc neurons play a role in aversion and Pavlovian learning.
A Mayo Clinic study found that physical training is more effective than amphetamine use in improving motor function after a stroke. The research team's experiment used brain-damaged rats to demonstrate the power of physical training in recovery.
Researchers have successfully tested a new plague vaccine in a real-world mouse model, showing promising results. The vaccine was tested in a natural transmission setting, where infected fleas fed on vaccinated mice, and showed protection against the disease.
A new study links high-voltage electromagnetic fields to the production of ozone in the air surrounding animals, potentially posing a health risk. The researchers found that rats exposed to corona discharge produced significantly higher levels of ozone than those without exposure.
Researchers used alginate, a major constituent of brown algae, to block viral leaks and reduce the concentration of toxic protein IL-12 in mice's livers. The solution improved the effectiveness of gene therapy by preventing sudden animal deaths caused by uncontrolled protein expression.
The study found that lobeline decreases METH self-administration without inducing reward, indicating its potential as a useful pharmacological treatment. Lobeline also did not alter METH-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior or affect dopamine levels in the brains of rats.
Researchers at the University of Florida have demonstrated a novel approach to overcoming gene therapy hurdles by attaching viruses to tiny manufactured balls coated with iron oxide. The microspheres can be targeted using magnets, allowing for more efficient delivery of corrective genes to specific organs or tissues.
Infant rats exposed to alcohol developed new synapses in their cerebellum, improving learning skills and compensating for damage. This discovery offers hope for therapeutic intervention and rehabilitation for children affected by prenatal alcohol exposure.
C75 blocks fatty acid synthase, a key enzyme in energy storage, to alter brain messengers regulating appetite. Lean mice quickly regain normal eating habits after treatment, while obese mice fail to recover.
Young and old rats show distinct responses to compromised circulation, highlighting the need for age-based treatment for ischemia-reperfusion injuries. Studies reveal that neutrophil accumulation plays a key role in young rats but not older ones.
A Georgia Tech study found that sensory neurons in animal limbs play a critical role in determining what information is received and what behaviors result. Researchers successfully transplanted female feeding claws onto males, demonstrating novel input processing by the brain.
Researchers tested human subjects with fMRI scans to show that focusing attention on a single stimulus cancels out suppressive influences of nearby stimuli, improving information processing. This effect is observed in the object vision circuit and is enhanced by spatially directed attention.
Researchers find that competition for resources affects organ growth, leading to changes in traits like wings and horns. This phenomenon resolves a conundrum identified by Charles Darwin, suggesting that genes are not the sole determinant of development.
Researchers have successfully transplanted cryopreserved human neuronal cells into rats with stroke, restoring movement and behavioral recovery. The treatment has shown promise as an alternative to fetal tissue in treating strokes and neurodegenerative disorders.
Researchers at Stanford University have discovered that even identical polymers can unfold in various ways when exposed to the same conditions. This finding challenges long-standing theories and provides new insights into polymer behavior.
The STS-89 mission will conduct experiments on granular materials, studying their behavior under conditions that cannot be simulated on Earth. The Mechanics of Granular Materials experiment will make twice as many test runs under an expanded range of conditions, potentially leading to great ramifications for down-to-Earth engineering. ...