Articles tagged with Cognitive Disorders
The MIND diet, which combines Mediterranean and DASH principles, was positively linked with attentional inhibition in school-aged children. The diet's emphasis on brain-healthy foods like leafy greens, berries, and legumes may help improve cognitive development.
A three-month mild exercise program improved executive function in middle-aged and older adults by increasing neural efficiency in the prefrontal cortex. The benefits were particularly pronounced in the older adult group, suggesting a positive impact on cognitive function and brain function with minimal physical exertion.
Repetitive heading in professional soccer increases cognitive impairment risk in later life, according to a new study. The study suggests that establishing an upper threshold for heading frequency could help mitigate this risk.
Researchers at Texas A&M University found that substance use impairs cognitive flexibility by inhibiting specific neurons. Chronic cocaine or alcohol use alters the local inhibitory brain circuit, leading to decreased cognitive flexibility and increased risk of academic deficits and lower quality of life.
A recent meta-analysis of 29 studies found that intranasal insulin treatment can boost cognition in individuals with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's Disease. The analysis suggests potential benefits for this treatment approach, which may be worth further investigation.
A group of educators is urging caution when using artificial intelligence (AI) in special education, highlighting its potential to benefit students with disabilities. The authors emphasize the need for careful consideration of AI's uses and limitations, including information literacy, consent, and critical thinking.
The study used transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) to stimulate the prefrontal cortex, a region involved in cognitive function. The results showed that tPBM modulated hemodynamic and metabolic activities in a wavelength- and site-specific manner.
Researchers identified mRNAs and long non-coding RNAs targeted by stress granule proteins, which accumulate AD-associated gene transcripts in these structures. SGs may play a key role in regulating AD development through the impairment of protein neurohomeostasis.
A new study in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease examines the effects of environmental enrichment on AD symptom progression and pathology. The researchers found that living in an enriched environment improved several measures of metabolism and reduced individual behaviors, which became more similar and rigid as the disease progressed.
Late-onset cognitive impairment emerged in adult childhood cancer survivors decades after diagnosis and treatment. Modifiable health behaviors and chronic health conditions significantly increase this risk.
A case study published in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease reveals that lecanemab can lead to therapy-induced Aβ phagocytosis and multifocal intracerebral hemorrhage, highlighting a potential risk of brain damage and death. The study suggests that better biomarkers are needed to assess the extent of cerebral amyloid angiopathy.
Glioblastoma steals cognitive faculties as it spreads, but its insidious ability to infiltrate neighboring networks may be its undoing. Researchers found neural activity can restructure connections in surrounding tissue, causing decline. The drug gabapentin blocks this growth-causing activity in mice with glioblastoma.
Researchers used AI to analyze speech patterns of patients with Parkinson's disease, finding they spoke in shorter sentences with more verbs and fewer common nouns. The study suggests potential early detection methods for the condition through conversational analysis.
A study by University of California, Riverside found that older adults are less likely to ignore distractors in their surroundings while engaging in a cognitive task and an effortful physical task. This decline is greater when simultaneously performing a physical task, such as driving or carrying grocery bags.
Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection report cognitive deficits that are associated with post-COVID-19 condition (long COVID) symptoms. Researchers suggest a potential affective component in some patients, highlighting the need for further exploration of underlying reasons.
Researchers found that GlyNAC supplementation corrected brain glutathione deficiency, improved glucose transporters, reversed mitochondrial dysfunction, and improved cognition in old mice. The study also showed reductions in oxidative stress, inflammation, and genomic damage, as well as improvements in neurotrophic factors.
A new study by St. Jude Children's Research Hospital found that children with supportive environments fared better than those living in neighborhoods with economic hardship. Higher EHI scores were associated with lower cognitive abilities and greater decline after treatment, especially in math skills.
A new study reveals an association between poor air quality in India and impaired cognition in infants under two. The study found that air quality was poorer in homes that used solid cooking materials like cow dung cake, and that reducing cooking emissions could have benefits to infants' emerging cognitive abilities.
Research by Professor Mila Vulchanova reveals associations between language development and cognitive skills in children. Non-verbal tests show that severity of language difficulties can be predicted based on cognitive markers, supporting the importance of measuring both verbal and non-verbal skills.
Researchers found that enhancing NMDAR function via increased serine racemase expression improved attention and cognitive flexibility in middle-aged rats. Upregulating serine racemase in the medial prefrontal cortex also increased glutamatergic synaptic transmission, including NMDAR activity.
A study found that practicing music and active listening can alter cognitive decline in healthy seniors by promoting brain plasticity. The researchers discovered an increase in grey matter volume in four brain regions involved in high-level cognitive functioning.
Researchers at Salk Institute discover that dysfunctional mitochondria at synapses fail to meet energetic demand, supplying either too much or too little power and potentially causing working memory impairment with age. Adherence to the ultrastructural size principle is essential for avoiding cognitive decline in aging brains.
A Marshall University researcher has received a $388,500 NIH grant to study the effects of binge drinking on brain development and its long-term cognitive consequences. The two-year grant will allow her team to identify mechanisms that drive changes in brain function and explore novel targets for prevention and treatment.
The April issue of The American Journal of Psychiatry features studies on mood disorders, psychotic disorders, autism, and stress-related disorders. A special issue of The American Journal of Psychotherapy honors the work of Otto F. Kernberg, M.D.
Researchers used a novel brain imaging technique to visualize subtle brain changes in pre-symptomatic Alzheimer's patients. They found that individualized brain fingerprints can detect variations in brain function associated with worsening information processing.
A review from UTHealth Houston identifies key benefits of telehealth in addressing health disparities among stroke survivors. The study suggests that telehealth can expand access to care and treatment while minimizing barriers related to digital literacy, physical limitations, and limited English proficiency.
A recent renaissance in psychedelic research investigates the cognitive effects of these drugs, shifting from mathematical modeling to behavioral and clinical studies. Studies have found that psychedelics can increase spontaneous creative insights while decreasing task-specific creativity, as well as affect memories in a malleable way.
A recent study published in JAMA Network Open found that food insecurity is associated with a decline in executive function among older adults. The research used data from 3,037 community-dwelling Medicare beneficiaries and suggests that interventions to increase healthy food access may be crucial in mitigating cognitive decline.
A new study found that loss of Menin in the hypothalamus drives physiological aging in mice, including cognitive decline and reduced lifespan. However, supplementation with the amino acid D-serine reversed these age-related changes, improving skin thickness and bone mass.
A new study has found that increased rumination is a predictor of greater severity of suicidal ideation in young people with major depressive disorder. The study, published in the Journal of Affective Disorders, suggests that elevated cognitive rumination is associated with lower cortical surface area and suicidal ideation.
A traditional Mediterranean-type diet rich in seafood, fruit, and nuts is associated with a lower risk of dementia. Individuals with higher adherence had up to 23% lower risk compared to those with lower adherence. The study, published in BMC Medicine, analyzed data from 60,298 individuals from the UK Biobank.
Recent studies have identified key psychological processes, such as repetitive negative thinking and self-reflection, that may impact cognitive aging and dementia prevention. Researchers propose incorporating psychological elements to reduce dementia risk through cognitive-behavioral interventions.
Scientists have identified a key molecular mechanism linking gene expression to synaptic plasticity in the aging human brain. The study reveals that age-related reductions in neurotransmitter receptor genes contribute to alterations in synaptic function, providing potential targets for Alzheimer's disease therapy.
A recent study of 24,000 participants aged 45 or older found a significant independent association between perceived stress and both prevalent and incident cognitive impairment. The study's findings highlight the need for regular screening and targeted interventions to address stress in older adults.
Researchers found reduced brain oxygen levels in individuals with symptomatic COVID-19 illness, worse performance on cognitive tests, and increased psychiatric symptoms like depression and anxiety. Older women were more affected by the brain imaging outcomes.
Researchers discovered that telomere shortening is associated with early subjective depressive symptoms and cognitive complaints among healthy elderly individuals. The study also found a link between telomere shortening and increased interleukin-6 levels.
A new study has identified a biomarker, placental growth factor (PlGF), which is associated with cognitive impairment and dementia due to vascular brain injury. Higher levels of PlGF in the bloodstream are linked to increased risk of cognitive decline and cerebral small vessel disease.
Researchers found that fasudil reversed reduced pyramidal neuron density and cognitive dysfunction associated with methamphetamine treatment in mice with ARHGAP10 gene mutations. Fasudil also restored the density of pyramidal neurons, improving visual discrimination tests performance.
A Chinese Medical Journal study analyzed the temporal and spatial distribution of epilepsy across China, finding significant increases in incidence and prevalence rates between 1990 and 2019. The study also showed a general decrease in age-standardized DALY rates with increasing socio-demographic index.
A new study found that 59% of long COVID patients experienced persistent organ damage a year after initial symptoms, even among those not severely affected initially. The study also revealed significant impairment in multi-organ function and quality of life.
A new analysis of 7,068 elderly Americans found that only 41% of cognitive decline can be statistically accounted for by dementia. Personal education, race, household wealth and income were the biggest contributors to population-level variation, but all factors accounted for only 5.6% of age-related change.
A recent study found that nearly half of older adults receive no dental care and half lack dental insurance. After becoming eligible for Medicare, the percentage of people receiving restorative dental care decreased by 8.7%, while complete edentulism increased by almost 5 percentage points among those aged 65 and above.
A new WVU study found nearly one in eight West Virginia infants had in utero exposure to opioids, stimulants, and/or cannabis between 2020 and 2022. The study showed a 40% increased risk of preterm birth among infants exposed to stimulants alone and a 70% increase with concurrent stimulant and cannabis exposures.
Researchers found that klotho has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects on cultured glial cells, reversing increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The study supports klotho's therapeutic potential in pathological processes with a neuroinflammatory component.
Autism research focuses on understanding heterogeneity between individuals, with Prof Michael Lombardo's project testing stratification by functional skills. The goal is to isolate specific biological markers and treatment responses.
A recent study of 437 children reveals associations between infant screen use and electroencephalography markers with cognitive outcomes. The findings suggest that excessive screen time during infancy may contribute to impairments in executive function.
A new study found that online forums provide a sense of community and hope for people with dementia, filling an important gap in their support after diagnosis. The forums allow users to share experiences and receive emotional support from others going through similar experiences, helping to alleviate feelings of isolation.
The American College of Physicians recommends using cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or second-generation antidepressants as initial treatment for adults with moderate to severe major depressive disorder. The guideline also suggests considering combination therapy and discussing patient preferences when selecting a treatment.
A recent study suggests that the gut microbiome affects brain behavior, immune cells and neurodegeneration. Altering the gut microbiome could be an effective way to prevent or treat neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s.
A new AI model developed at USC accurately captures cognitive decline linked to neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's much earlier than previous methods. The model analyzes MRI brain scans and detects subtle brain anatomy markers that correlate with cognitive decline, offering an unprecedented glimpse into human cognition.
A new study finds epigenetic aging is associated with aberrant neural oscillatory dynamics serving visuospatial processing in people with HIV. Participants showed accelerated biological age and different brain activity patterns compared to controls, suggesting a link between biological aging and neural function in PWH.
Researchers examined associations between APOE ε2 and ε4 alleles, polygenic profiles, and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers. They found links between ε4 alleles with plasma and CSF Aβ42 and CSF tau, as well as differences in associations with tau and Aβ42.
A new study has mapped the parts of the brain that support fluid intelligence, a key feature of human cognition. The research found that patients with damage to the right frontal regions performed poorly in tasks requiring problem-solving and reasoning.
A UCI-led study reveals that outbred Chilean degu rodents exhibit robust neurodegenerative features, including hippocampal neuronal loss and altered parvalbumin staining, resembling human Alzheimer's Disease. This provides a practical model for studying sporadic AD.
A recent study suggests that stimulating the intersection of two particular brain networks correlated with better patient outcomes than stimulating nearby sites for patients with Alzheimer's disease. Cognitive improvement was associated with DBS to the direct interface between the fornix and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis.
As people age, their health care needs become more complex, making it essential to consider anatomical and functional changes when diagnosing and treating ACS. An individualized and patient-centered approach is best for older adults, considering coexisting conditions and input from multiple specialists.
Researchers aim to reduce disparities in dementia diagnosis and treatment with a 5-minute screening tool. The study will enroll 6,600 participants in urban and rural communities.
A new study found that obeticholic acid can reverse cognitive impairment in patients with cholestatic liver disease, improving short-term memory and restoring brain function. The study used a rodent model of bile duct ligation-induced cholestasis and found that the drug significantly improved cognitive deficits.
Researchers found a strong association between consuming more ultraprocessed foods and cognitive decline in adults. The study, which included over 10,700 participants, suggests that limiting such food intake may support current public health recommendations to protect cognitive function.
Researchers have identified optimal blood tests to detect Alzheimer's disease at its earliest stages. The study found that phospho-tau217 is a reliable marker for monitoring disease progression and selecting individuals for novel trials.