A global study of nearly 10,000 women with early breast cancer found significant variations in treatment approaches across nine countries. Women with T1 tumours were more likely to receive breast-conserving surgery, while those with T2 tumours underwent mastectomies at varying rates.
Researchers from Ontario Cancer Institute and US scientists have discovered a compound that blocks protein BCL6, a cancer-causing culprit in about half of all non-Hodgkins lymphoma cases. This breakthrough accelerates developing targeted drugs to fight the most common form of non-Hodgkins lymphoma.
A study published in World Journal of Gastroenterology found that biliary balloon stimulation activates the insular cortex, prefrontal cortex, and somatosensory cortex. This suggests the presence of pressure-sensitive vagal afferents in the biliary tract and potential cortical relay beyond the brainstem.
Researchers found that hepatitis C virus infection affects hepcidin levels in patients with genotype 3a. Successful antiviral therapy was associated with decreased serum prohepcidin concentrations, suggesting a potential link between HCV and hepcidin synthesis.
An experimental immune-boosting drug that increases type I interferon production hastens tuberculosis (TB) in mice. The treatment also draws more macrophages to the lungs, where TB bacteria thrive, leading to severe lung tissue damage and worsened disease outcomes.
A global study of over 65,000 individuals has identified more than a dozen genes associated with chronic kidney disease. The researchers found that common genetic variations in these genes were more frequent in people with poor kidney function or chronic kidney disease.
Karen Felzer, a USGS researcher, has been recognized with the Seismological Society of America's Richter Early Career Award for her transformative and sometimes controversial research on earthquake physics. Her statistical approaches have challenged previously held theories and reshaped the way earthquakes are understood.
David Boore developed a well-known method for computing estimates of ground motion from simulated earthquakes, known as SMSIM. His work has advanced understanding of strong-motion seismology and influenced seismic building standards worldwide.
A study found that people with no health insurance are twice as likely to receive inadequate treatment for migraines compared to those with private insurance. Migraine patients on Medicaid are 1.5 times more likely to receive substandard care.
New data collected from the IODP Shatsky Rise expedition provides insights into the formation of supervolcanoes and their impact on Earth's geologic record. The study sheds light on the relationship between supervolcano formation and tectonic plate boundaries.
A University of Illinois study found that a lack of omega-3 fatty acid is linked to male infertility. Sperm counts were extremely low and sperm shape was abnormal, but fertility was restored when DHA was introduced into the diet. The study suggests that omega-3 fatty acids may play an important role in male fertility.
A study found that older patients (age 80+), particularly those over 85, had higher in-hospital death rates and more complications after defibrillator or pacemaker implantation. Despite this, they were less likely to have other comorbidities or concurrent cardiac procedures.
Researchers at North Carolina State University found that the size of nickel nanoparticles plays a crucial role in determining their structure. Smaller particles form a single void, while larger particles create multiple bubbles, leading to hollow structures with potential applications in energy production and nanoelectronics.
Researchers found a dietary pattern involving high intakes of salad dressing, nuts, fish, tomatoes, poultry, fruits, and cruciferous and dark leafy vegetables to be significantly associated with reduced Alzheimer's disease risk. This pattern reflects multiple pathways in the development of Alzheimer's disease, including the impact of v...
The March issue of Educational Researcher explores new findings on cognitive ability, IQ, and its influence on life success, as well as the effectiveness of test-based grade retention policies. Additionally, researchers challenge the use of free lunch eligibility as a measure of socioeconomic status.
A new clinical trial, IMPACT-CABG, evaluates the safety and efficacy of injecting stem cells into the hearts of patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery. The study aims to promote healing and regeneration of damaged heart muscle, offering a less invasive alternative to heart transplant.
A case-control study found that chronic upper GI symptoms are linked to poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients. The study suggests that tight glucose control may reverse these symptoms.
A study found that terminal cancer patients spend most of their remaining lifespan on radiotherapy, but only 26% experience palliation or pain reduction. The authors conclude that radiotherapy is not tailored to individual patient needs, leading to excessive and often uncompleted treatments.
A new study reveals that Hispanics living in areas with low endoscopy capacity are less likely to undergo colorectal cancer screening. The study found a modest increase in screening rates as endoscopy capacity improved, suggesting that addressing local capacity constraints could help reduce disparities in screening.
The American Academy of Ophthalmology affirms the effectiveness of current retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) diagnosis and treatment practices. Early treatment has been shown to improve visual acuity outcomes for these vulnerable infants, supporting ongoing ROP research.
Federici's research team developed a digital video camera using a terahertz imaging system, which can scan airport passengers quickly and efficiently. The technology uses terahertz rays to transmit through non-metallic mediums, allowing for the detection of concealed explosives or chemical agents.
The PEGASO project aims to improve coastal management by integrating sea, coast, and marine ecosystems research for effective Integral Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) in the Mediterranean. Researchers will study specific actions to be applied under ICZM, combining data from 11 case studies in Europe.
A new study by Université de Montréal scientists finds that mutations in the SHANK3 gene are linked to schizophrenia, a chronic psychiatric disorder. The research also provides clues about the causes of this complex disorder, suggesting a molecular genetic link between schizophrenia and autism.
Chronic stress accelerates tumor growth in ovarian cancer patients by protecting cells from anoikis, a process that allows tumor cells to survive and grow. Stress hormones norepinephrine and epinephrine activate the protein FAK, leading to accelerated mortality.
Researchers found that individuals vaccinated with seasonal influenza vaccine produce antibodies targeting H5 HA, protecting mice from pandemic H1N1 and several H5N1 viruses. However, more work is needed to determine antibody levels and vaccination effectiveness against different influenza virus subtypes.
Researchers at Hospital for Special Surgery have discovered a new pathway involved in turning off inflammation that does not work properly in people with inflammatory arthritis. This finding could lead to the development of new therapeutic approaches to treating arthritis.
Research finds that crowded and unstable housing, food insecurity, and energy insecurity negatively impact the growth, health, and development of infants and toddlers from low-income families. The study, published in Pediatrics, highlights remediable conditions influencing young children's well-being.
A study published in World Journal of Gastroenterology found that real-time elastography is a valuable tool for assessing liver fibrosis. The technique uses elasticity measurements to differentiate between various degrees of liver fibrosis, offering a non-invasive alternative to traditional methods.
A study of 388 patients found that recipient diagnosis, not donor age or tissue preservation methods, is associated with corneal transplant failure. Transplant recipients with keratoconus had a lower risk of graft failure than those with endothelial dysfunction.
Researchers have developed a new web-based application called Supramap that maps genetic mutations of pathogens onto the globe. The tool uses geographic information to track the spread of diseases across time and space, predicting hotspots of disease reemergence.
Research found that IL-8 and MIF gene polymorphisms significantly increased the risk of severe atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia, particularly when H. pylori infection was present. This study provides a basis for therapeutic decisions, such as H. pylori eradication therapy, to prevent gastric cancer progression.
Richards' work on deep-Earth research led to a better understanding of the Earth's inner-core rotation and the detection of seismic waves. He also applied seismological methods to study nuclear weapon test explosions and their implications in politics and science.
A new LSU study reveals that increased Latino employment in low-skill jobs has displaced blacks from labor markets, leading to higher murder rates in urban black communities. The research attributes this trend to US immigration policies over several decades.
An international team of researchers has discovered a four-protein complex that promotes breast cancer metastasis. The complex, involving Myc, Skp2, Miz1, and p300, is a key regulator of RhoA gene expression. Targeting this complex could lead to the development of new drugs to thwart breast cancer migration and invasion.
Researchers have discovered three new genes associated with age-related macular degeneration, including two involved in the cholesterol pathway. The study increases understanding of DNA variations that predict individual risks of AMD and provides clues for developing effective therapies.
Researchers confirm that early treatment for selected infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) improves their vision through 6 years of age. Doctors can identify high-risk infants by examining certain eye characteristics, such as blood vessel appearance and location.
Art Frankel led a team to update national seismic hazard maps, vastly improving public policy and building codes across the US. The new maps were used directly in building codes, enhancing earthquake safety nationwide.
Gastric bypass surgery has become increasingly common, but follow-up care is crucial for patient success. Registered dietitians can assess, monitor, and counsel patients to improve adherence and reduce nutrient deficiencies.
Operation Mend provides life-changing surgeries to military personnel severely injured in Iraq and Afghanistan. The program also offers treatment for post-traumatic stress and traumatic brain injuries, as well as patient support and family accommodations.
Children with more body fat and less endurance have stiffer arteries than their fitter counterparts, according to new research. The study found that identifying these children early could help prevent cardiovascular disease and diabetes.
Research papers published in Geophysical Research Letters reveal changing precipitation patterns in Europe, increased gully activity on Mars indicating liquid water, and thick water ice observed in lunar craters near the Moon's north pole. These findings suggest potential impacts on flooding and climate change.
New strains of Salmonella are emerging in HIV-infected individuals in Africa, causing severe disease by invading blood and bone marrow cells. These multi-drug resistant strains can lead to death in one in four cases due to the loss of immune cells in HIV patients.
The study found that Poly-ICLC treatment increased lung bacterial load and damage in mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This was attributed to the recruitment of myeloid immune cells, which supported bacterial growth and exacerbated lung damage.
Researchers have discovered that targeting the blood-brain barrier can slow the accumulation of a protein associated with Alzheimer's disease. The study shows that activating a certain receptor in the brain can increase the expression of a blood-brain barrier protein that transports beta-amyloid out of the brain.
Researchers discovered that specific inflammasome components protect against colitis and cancer in mice. Mice lacking these components developed more severe colitis and larger tumor burdens, highlighting the complex role of inflammasomes in human disease.
The American Academy of Neurology has issued a guideline to help determine when people with Alzheimer's disease or another type of dementia should stop driving. The guideline recommends doctors use the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale to identify individuals at increased risk of unsafe driving. Caregivers and family members can als...
Researchers found that larvae of a new species, Ctenopelta porifera, traveled over 300 kilometers from a nearby population to settle in the affected area. The discovery challenges the widely accepted assumption that life re-populates an area through local adult populations.
A 10-year population-based study found significant declines in hospital admissions for heart attacks, angina, stroke, asthma, emphysema, pneumonia, and bronchitis after the implementation of smoke-free legislation in Toronto, Canada. The largest decline was observed after the 2001 ban on smoking in restaurants.
A new study suggests that the first Americans were better equipped to handle the challenges of the Younger Dryas period, which saw a rapid return to glacial conditions. The researchers found that cooling temperatures and environmental changes did not pose significant adaptive challenges to Paleoindian groups.
A study published in Psychological Science found that people who have a stronger association between death and self are more likely to attempt suicide. This association can be measured using an Implicit Association Test (IAT), which may provide a new tool for identifying and predicting clinical behaviors that are not reported verbally.
Researchers have invented a 'smart' insulin protein molecule that binds less to cancer receptors and self-assembles under the skin. This new form of insulin reduces the risk of cancer associated with obesity and excess insulin in Type-2 diabetes patients.
A new study by University of Iowa researchers found that individuals with amnesia retain emotional responses to happy and sad movie clips, even when they cannot recall the content. This challenges traditional views on memory loss and highlights the importance of caring for patients with Alzheimer's disease.
Severe adverse effects, such as burns and scarring, have been reported from untrained laser hair removal operators. The Canadian Medical Association Journal recommends setting minimum training standards for operators to ensure safe and effective procedures.
A study published in Canadian Medical Association Journal found no scientific evidence to support the claim that smoking in cars is 23 times more toxic than in other indoor environments. The 23 times estimate originated from a media report and has been widely cited, but its lack of basis in fact poses credibility issues.
Researchers at UTHealth are developing new strategies to derive hematopoietic stem cells from pluripotent stem cells, which could potentially treat blood diseases. Additionally, they are exploring gene-corrected induced pluripotent stem cells for treating two pediatric lung diseases, Surfactant Protein B Deficiency and Cystic Fibrosis.
A study demonstrated the transfer of maternal thyroid hormones to the fetus in vivo, critical for fetal development. This finding clarifies indirect evidence of maternal thyroid hormone passage to the fetus during pregnancy, with significant implications for the development of the nervous system and overall quality of life.
Research on the Devon Island ice cap shows a steady decline in ice volume and area since 1985, primarily due to warmer summers. The ice cap's thinning also exposes dark soil, increasing melt rates and posing concerns for shipping and sea level rise.
Researchers solve the decade-old mystery of fragile human embryonic stem cells by discovering two novel synthetic small molecule drugs that promote cell survival. The team also unravels the mechanisms behind e-cadherin's role in cell signaling, providing a new understanding of stem cell biology and paving the way for potential therapies.
A University of Illinois study found that a specific omega-6 fatty acid is critical for maintaining healthy skin. Without this acid, mice developed severe ulcerative dermatitis, which was reversed when the acid was added to their diet.
A recent survey of women undergoing gynecologic surgery found that most were not concerned about the effects on their sex lives, despite 37% expressing worries about reduced desire after sterilization. Hormone levels are not affected by these procedures.