Modeling metastasis
Researchers used Active Shape Model to simulate fluid forces acting on breast cancer cells in blood flow. The study aims to develop new therapies targeting metastasis by understanding mechanical properties of cancer cells.
Science News Archive August 2012 - Page 8
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New model gives hands-on help for learning the secrets of molecules
A new silicone model makes it possible for researchers to intuitively understand protein structures, positions, and interactions. The model allows users to test ideas about molecular interactions and simulate docking maneuvers, which can lead to innovation in drug design.
Virus detector harnesses ring of light in 'whispering gallery mode'
Researchers create super-sensor using nanoscale gold spheres to detect single samples of the smallest known viruses. The sensor uses 'whispering gallery mode' to measure precise frequency changes, allowing for accurate detection and sizing of viruses.
NASA spots heavy rainfall in Tropical Storm Isaac
Heavy rainfall observed by NASA's TRMM satellite over Tropical Storm Isaac poses significant risks to the eastern Caribbean, particularly Hispaniola and Cuba. The storm is expected to bring extreme rainfall totals of 8-12 inches, with isolated amounts reaching up to 20 inches.
University of East Anglia research shows children at risk from rural water supplies
Research from the University of East Anglia shows that nearly half of UK private water supplies are contaminated, putting under-10s at almost five times higher risk of stomach infections. Children in these households suffer around five bouts of sickness or diarrhoea per year, a rate similar to developing countries.
Researchers describe new molecular interactions behind the inhibition of TGF beta-signaling
The study reveals that inhibitory Smads bind directly to their targets without requiring phosphorylation, constituting a crucial step in the regulation of gene transcription. This discovery sheds light on how organisms achieve balance between TGF-beta signaling pathways, critical for maintaining tissue and organism health.
Bigger creatures live longer, travel farther for a reason
A study by Adrian Bejan suggests that larger bodies tend to have longer lifespans and greater distances traveled. This applies to both animate and inanimate systems, with rivers, jets of air, and vehicles following a similar pattern.
Tropical Storm Tembin crossed over Taiwan, back over water
Tropical Storm Tembin made a quick track across southern Taiwan before re-emerging over the open waters of the Philippine Sea. The storm has strengthened and expanded since crossing the island, with tropical-storm-force winds extending out 170 miles from its center.
Ancestral link places Mexican-Americans at greater risk for metabolic disease
A recent study found that Mexican-Americans with an ancestral link to Amerindian tribes have higher insulin resistance levels, a key indicator of several chronic conditions. The research suggests that ethnicity information is crucial in identifying individuals at high risk of disease, and that genetic markers can be used for personaliz...
Astrocytes control the generation of new neurons from neural stem cells
Researchers at the University of Gothenburg discovered how astrocytes control the formation of new neurons in the brain. By secreting specific molecules and cell-cell interactions, astrocytes regulate the birth rate of new neurons and their integration into existing neuronal networks.
Wind concentrates pollutants with unexpected order in an urban environment
Researchers discovered that pollutant particles accumulate in specific areas of the urban environment, forming coherent structures. This finding can help generate maps to identify high-pollution zones and inform strategies for mitigating pollution.
Addressing the need for microscopic speed
Researchers have developed a digital microscope that creates high-resolution images at fast speeds, enabling scientists to study biological processes like cell activity in greater detail. The new device uses a programmable micromirror system to reject unwanted light and improve image quality.
The end of an era? Branding horses does not enable them to be identified
A study published in The Veterinary Journal found that horse branding is unreliable for identification due to poor legibility and tissue damage. Researchers examined brand marks on over 250 horses and found that only a small percentage could be clearly read.
Survival statistics show hard fight when malignant brain tumors appear at multiple sites
Researchers at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center found that multifocal glioblastoma patients have significantly shorter overall survival compared to those with single tumors, even when treated with the same therapies. Median overall survival for multifocal patients was six months, while single-tumor patients survived 11 months.
Only 2 percent of Canadians deny climate change
A recent survey conducted by IPAC-CO2 Research Inc. found that only 2% of Canadians reject the concept of climate change, while most believe it is real and caused by human activity. The survey also revealed divisions in opinions on how to address climate change, with some prioritizing cleaner cars and others supporting a carbon tax.
SourceInternational Performance Assessment Centre for Geological Storage of Carbon Dioxide (IPAC-CO2)·DateAug 24, 2012
Southampton physicists join search for hidden magnetic states
Physicists from the University of Southampton used Diamond Light Source's new I10 Beamline to search for 'hidden magnetic states' in exchange-spring magnets. They have identified at least three different classes of these states, which could provide important confirmation of a theoretical model.
University of Minnesota engineering researchers discover new non-invasive method for diagnosing epilepsy
Researchers at University of Minnesota develop new non-invasive brain scan technique to study seizures immediately after they occur. The method could lead to breakthroughs in identifying the brain regions responsible for seizures and finding effective treatments.
Boston subway system to be used to test new sensors for biological agents
The US Department of Homeland Security is conducting a series of tests in the Boston subway system to measure the real-world performance of new sensors designed to detect biological agents. The sensors, developed by several companies, are expected to identify and confirm the release of biological agents within minutes.
Microwave ovens may help produce lower cost solar energy technology
Engineers at Oregon State University have developed a method to use microwave heating to synthesize copper zinc tin sulfide, a promising solar cell compound. This approach saves money, works well, and can be scaled up easily compared to traditional methods.
Working class prefers comedy and the intellectual class goes for drama
A study reveals that theatre demand is driven by different classes, with the working class favoring comedy and the intellectual class preferring drama. The results show that wealthier individuals are influenced by reviews, while those in the middle class opt for classic theatres.
SourceSpanish Foundation for Science and Technology·JournalJournal of Cultural Economy·DateAug 24, 2012
2012 Science in Society Journalism Awards announced
The National Association of Science Writers has awarded $2,500 to investigative journalists who reported on the impact of science on society. The winners include authors of books like 'Panic Virus' that shed light on vaccine controversies and environmental issues.
Kaiser Permanente study finds obese youth have significantly higher risk of gallstones
A Kaiser Permanente study found that obese children and adolescents are twice as likely to have gallstone disease compared to those with a normal body mass index. Hispanic youth are more likely to develop gallstones than youth of other races and ethnicities.
Lessons from Bangladesh
Glenn Hicks led a groundbreaking workshop in Dhaka, introducing modern approaches to biotechnology research. He found Bangladeshi students were eager to learn but needed practical training, highlighting the importance of education for quality of life.
Native plants in urban yards offer birds 'mini-refuges'
Research found that desert-like, or xeric, yards have a more even bird community and superior habitat compared to moist, or mesic, grass lawns. Native plants in urban yards offer birds 'mini-refuges' and help offset losses of biodiversity in cities.
Is this real or just fantasy? ONR Augmented-Reality Initiative progresses
The Office of Naval Research is advancing an augmented-reality project to change the way warfighters view operational environments. The system will allow trainees to view simulated images superimposed on real-world landscapes, providing a revolutionary training capability with reduced costs and increased flexibility.
Changing epidemiology of rare disease links sinus irrigation with contaminated tap water, 2 deaths
A new study links nasal irrigation with contaminated tap water to rare disease Naegleria fowleri infections. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports two fatal cases in Louisiana where the organism was found in home water systems, highlighting the importance of using safely treated water for sinus irrigation.
Scientists produce H2 for fuel cells using an inexpensive catalyst under real-world conditions
Researchers at the University of Cambridge have developed a cheap catalyst that produces hydrogen efficiently in water, paving the way for green hydrogen production. The breakthrough could enable the development of sustainable energy solutions.
Study reveals human drive for fair play
A new study funded by the Wellcome Trust found that humans tend to reject unfair offers of water, even when severely thirsty. The researchers used an ultimatum game to test whether humans would accept an unequal offer of water, and found that they did so only if they subjectively felt a strong need for water.
Primate of the opera: What soprano singing apes on helium reveal about the human voice
A study published in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology found that singing gibbons use the same vocal techniques as professional soprano singers. The research reveals a physiological similarity between gibbon and human voices, suggesting that complex vocal abilities evolved in humans were not due to unique modifications.
Cancer survival in Germany after the fall of the Iron Curtain
A study published in European Journal of Epidemiology found that cancer survival rates in Germany have aligned significantly since reunification. While there are still slight differences, they have decreased compared to the pre-reunification era.
'Naked Darth Vader' approach could tame antibiotic resistant superbugs
Researchers at Université de Montréal have discovered a novel strategy to combat antibiotic-resistant superbugs by targeting virulence factors. By removing these proteins, the body's immune system can eliminate the bacteria, making them harmless.
Field guide to the Epstein-Barr virus charts viral paths toward cancer
Researchers created the most comprehensive study of Epstein-Barr virus genome interactions with its human host. The EBV atlas describes over 60 human transcription factors and highlights the extensive coevolution of the virus, pointing toward possible targets for future cancer and anti-viral drugs.
Past tropical climate change linked to ocean circulation, says Texas A&M team
Researchers have discovered that subsurface temperatures in the western tropical Atlantic rapidly warmed during cold periods in Earth's past. This finding suggests that when the global conveyor belt slowed down, warm subsurface waters flowed southward and rapidly warmed the deep tropics, altering climate patterns globally.
March Madness brings September students
Researchers found universities receive a surge of 10% more SAT scores from prospective students following a stellar sports season. This phenomenon affects all demographic backgrounds, not just certain groups like males, black students, or those who played sports in high school.
Language and emotion -- insights from Psychological Science
Research explores how verbalizing emotional experiences can help individuals cope with phobias and improve mood by reframing past events. The studies suggest that using certain language patterns can influence physiological arousal and overall happiness.
Researchers develop simplified approach for high-power, single-mode lasers
The new resonator creates purest, brightest and most powerful single-mode quantum cascade lasers in the 8-12 micron range, a wavelength of great interest for military and industrial use. The laser technology controls both wavelength and beam quality, achieving peak power over 6 watts with nearly diffraction-limited beam quality.
Good news from the bad drought: Gulf 'Dead Zone' smallest in years, says Texas A&M expert
A recent study by Texas A&M researchers found the Gulf Dead Zone to be its smallest size in years, with no hypoxia detected off the Texas coast. The team's analysis covered over 1,200 miles of cruise track and revealed about 1,580 square miles of hypoxia compared to 3,400 square miles in 2011.
No-till could help maintain crop yields despite climate change
Research at the US Department of Agriculture found that no-till farming can reduce yield losses caused by climate change. The study simulated different climate factors on three cropping systems, finding declines in corn and millet yields over time. No-till management helped maintain wheat yields for up to 2075.
SourceUnited States Department of Agriculture - Research, Education and Economics·JournalClimatic Change·DateAug 23, 2012
U of M researchers: Newly discovered genetic markers could signal colon cancer development
Researchers have discovered a link between reactivated R-spondin proteins and colon cancer development, potentially leading to more personalized therapies. The discovery involves gene mutations that trigger cell proliferation in the colon.
Histone-modifying proteins, not histones, remain associated with DNA through replication
A Thomas Jefferson University team found that histone-modifying proteins, such as TrxG and PcG, remain attached to DNA after replication, rather than histones. This challenges the longstanding paradigm of epigenetic marks and has significant implications for understanding gene expression and disease mechanisms.
Novel microscopy method offers sharper view of brain's neural network
A team of Italian researchers has developed a new microscopy technique called confocal light sheet microscopy (CLSM) that improves the resolution and contrast of images of the brain's neural pathways. CLSM enables scientists to obtain high-resolution views of tissue samples with a resolution of a few microns and faster acquisition time.
Flat lens offers a perfect image
Researchers at Harvard University have created an ultrathin flat lens that focuses light without imparting distortions, approaching the physical limit set by diffraction laws. The device is scalable and simple to manufacture, making it a promising new technology for fiber-optic communications.
New survey of ocean floor finds juvenile scallops are abundant in Mid-Atlantic
A new NOAA survey using the Seahorse instrument has confirmed high numbers of young sea scallops off Delaware Bay. The findings are promising for the future of the scallop fishery, with many juveniles showing potential to grow to commercial size in about three years.
Study helps pancreatic cancer patients make hard choices
A new study provides a quantitative look at the experience of pancreatic cancer patients, giving them concrete data to inform their treatment decisions. The study found that maximizing quality of life is crucial for these patients, who have limited time left due to the disease.
SourceUniversity of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston·JournalAnnals of Surgical Oncology·DateAug 23, 2012
Video-gaming fish play out the advantages of groups
Researchers at Princeton University used a unique simulation to study collective motion in animal groups, finding that coordinated movements can dissuade predators. The study shows that group formation itself is an evolved defense mechanism, mirroring the behaviors of real animals.
Antarctic ice sheet quakes shed light on ice movement and earthquakes
Researchers analyzed seismic activity in Antarctica's David Glacier and found repeating earthquakes every 25 minutes for a year. This study sheds light on stick slip earthquakes and provides a model for understanding ice sheet flow.
Therapeutic avenues for Parkinson's investigated at UH
Scientists at UH Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling discovered LXRbeta, a nuclear receptor that promotes the survival of dopaminergic neurons, which are the main source of dopamine in the central nervous system. The presence of LXRbeta may offer protection against neurodegeneration of the midbrain.
AGU: Link found between cold European winters and solar activity
A new study reveals a correlation between low solar activity and unusually cold winters in Central Europe, particularly along the Rhine River. The researchers used historical records of riverboat shipments and found that ten out of fourteen freezing episodes occurred during years with minimal sunspots.
Cloud control could tame hurricanes, study shows
Scientists suggest cloud seeding could reduce hurricane power by a category by increasing sunlight reflection in clouds above hurricane development regions. The technique, Marine Cloud Brightening, could also lead to increased rainfall in some areas but not others.
For mitochondria, bigger may not be better
Abnormalities in mitochondrial length promote neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's, while optimal length is essential for maintaining cellular health. The study reveals a complex interplay between proteins DRP1 and actin, which are affected by defective tau protein.
Most mutations come from dad
Researchers found that humans inherit more than three times as many mutations from their fathers as from their mothers. The study also suggests that the mutation rate in fathers doubles with age, while there is no association with mother's age. This new insight challenges theories of human evolution and sheds light on conditions such a...
More clues about why chimps and humans are genetically different
Researchers found that DNA methylation modifications may contribute to phenotypic changes in humans and chimps. The study suggests that methylation differences between the species might be linked to human disease vulnerability.
Nanoparticles reboot blood flow in brain
Researchers at Rice University have discovered a nanoparticle that can restore balance to the brain's vascular system after an injury. The PEG-HCC nanoparticles immediately quench superoxide activity and allow the autoregulatory system to regain its balance, potentially treating mild brain trauma by preventing further damage.
How to feed data-hungry mobile devices? Use more antennas
Researchers from Rice University unveiled a new multi-antenna technology dubbed Argos, which aims to dramatically increase network capacity by allowing cell towers to simultaneously beam signals to more than a dozen customers on the same frequency. The technology could result in a six-fold increase in network capacity and energy savings.
NASA sees Tropical Storm Isaac bring heavy rains to Eastern Caribbean
Tropical Storm Isaac is expected to bring heavy rainfall to the Eastern Caribbean, according to NASA's Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite. The storm has weakened slightly since its formation in August, but remains a tropical storm with sustained winds near 40 mph.
Research: NCAA football exploits players in 'invisible labor market'
College football players participate in an invisible labor market, with the NCAA monopolizing their services. Research suggests a credible threat of unionization could lead to better financial treatment and more say in interests. An 'invisible union' is proposed as a middle-ground approach.
SourceUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, News Bureau·JournalJournal of Labor Economics·DateAug 23, 2012
Circadian clock research may enable designer plants, and cancer and diabetes treatments
Scientists studying photoreceptor proteins could develop new strains of plants tolerant to various environments. Understanding these proteins can also lead to cancer drug therapy for humans.
Team receives $22.5 million to shed light on the immune system
A team led by Richard Ulevitch has received a five-year project renewal from the National Institutes of Health to investigate the workings of the immune system. The grant aims to improve human diseases such as viral and bacterial infections, and inherited immune disorders.
Learning 1 of cancer's tricks
Researchers at Caltech have identified a specific sugar, GlcNAc, that plays a key role in keeping cancerous tumors fed. By altering the addition of carbohydrates to proteins, tumor cells can survive under harsh conditions and thrive. This finding offers new potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
Supernovae of the same brightness, cut from vastly different cosmic cloth
Astronomers collected evidence indicating that the progenitor system of a Type 1a supernova contains a red giant star. The discovery provides an explanation for why these events vary slightly from galaxy to galaxy, refining the accuracy of cosmic measurements.