Experts advise against routine bowel cancer testing for everyone aged 50-79 due to small benefits and potential harms. However, men and women with a risk of 3% or more in the next 15 years should consider screening.
Researchers from the University of Illinois have discovered a way to repurpose biological molecules, once considered for cancer treatment, as organic semiconductors. These molecules can interact with biological material with high specificity, making them good candidates for use in biosensors.
A research team investigated the possibility of negative energy in quantum physics, finding that while energy can be less than zero under certain conditions, it must be paid back. The study placed tight bounds on negative energy and connected it to quintessential properties of quantum mechanics.
A recent study published in JAMA Network Open suggests that sleeping on one's back during the third trimester of pregnancy may be associated with average lower birth weights. The study investigated this potential link and found a correlation between back sleepers and smaller newborns.
A multistakeholder coalition has issued clinical recommendations to prevent secondary fractures in older adults with osteoporosis. The guidelines recommend increased communication with patients regarding fracture risk and mortality outcomes, as well as fracture risk reduction strategies.
Scientists discover 45,000-year-old microliths in Sri Lanka's Fa-Hien Lena cave, pushing back the timeline of advanced tool use in South Asia. The discovery suggests that early humans adapted to rainforest environments with sophisticated technology, enabling them to thrive and spread across the globe.
Researchers at the National Institutes of Health have developed a new and improved viral vector that can deliver therapeutic genes more efficiently than conventional vectors. The new vector shows promising results in animal models, with up to 10 times higher efficiency and six times higher carrying capacity.
Researchers at Stanford University and the Exploratorium developed an immersive exhibit allowing visitors to interact with single-cell organisms called Euglena. Visitors spent twice as much time engaging with interactive exhibits compared to traditional microscope-only displays.
The authors propose an 'internet of health' where wearable sensors provide non-intrusive data on a person's health, correlated with environmental factors. This could lead to early disease prevention and personalized medicine.
The breast cancer death rate has slowed in recent years, but the gap between black and white women remains significant. Breast cancer incidence rates have continued to rise, with a greater increase seen in hormone receptor-positive disease.
A new study from King's College London found that a low FODMAP diet improved certain gut symptoms such as swelling of the stomach and flatulence in patients with IBD. The diet reduced gut inflammation and improved health-related quality of life, with 52% of patients reporting adequate relief of gut symptoms.
A new 3D structure made from protein fibers allows for the reliable growth of patient cancer cells, enabling doctors to test medications on model tumors grown from a patient's own cells. This breakthrough could lead to more effective treatments and better understanding of cancer biology.
Researchers at Texas Biomedical Institute are studying lung macrophages and their role in TB infection, with the goal of developing a new set of biological pathways critical to the body's response. The findings could lead to a new strategy for host-directed therapy and potentially cure TB.
The DOE is investing $21.4 million in quantum information science research, focusing on particle physics and fusion energy sciences. This funding will support projects that explore the application of quantum computing to analyze particle physics data and simulate complex systems.
Jia Niu, a Boston College Assistant Professor of Chemistry, has been awarded a $2.3 million NIH Director's New Innovator Award to develop new genomic editing tools. The funding will support the expansion of his research agenda in multiplexable genomic editing tools and their application to understand complex gene networks.
Researchers found that high fructose diets specifically inhibit the liver's ability to metabolize fat, while glucose improves fat-burning function. High fructose diets damage liver mitochondria, leading to an increase in fatty liver disease risk and metabolic syndrome.
A new study suggests that tsunamis after the Great Alaskan Earthquake of 1964 brought a tropical fungus ashore, leading to subsequent outbreaks of often-fatal infections among people in coastal regions. The fungus, Cryptococcus gattii, is typically found in warm climates but was discovered in the Pacific Northwest region.
The Deep Carbon Observatory team estimates that only 0.02% of Earth's total carbon is above surface, while the rest is subsurface. Volcanic CO2 emissions are estimated to be 280-360 million tonnes per year, dwarfed by human-induced emissions.
Researchers have developed a new method for ensuring quality in automatic voice recording, reducing error rates down to 2% and allowing for real-time processing. The algorithm assesses pronunciation stability and displays a color chart showing the dependence of speech quality on time.
A graduate student's essay explores why there are no animals with three legs, citing the challenges of stability and balance. Thomson notes that tripod stances and three-limbed movement exist in some animals, but the evolutionary pressures favor bilateral symmetry.
Researchers used laminar fMRI to investigate brain activation at different layers during word reading, revealing top-down projections from language areas to deep layers. This breakthrough finding expands cognitive neuroimaging knowledge of brain networks.
The study measures and sets guidelines for the use of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) in bolted joints, revealing its tensile strength compared to high-strength steel. UHMWPE's unique properties make it an attractive material for various applications, including shipping, armour, and textiles.
Researchers found that jackdaws can identify individual calls and assess group size when deciding to join a mob. While they use a form of counting, there may be cognitive limitations to their ability.
Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis found that collagen fiber length can affect how cells move collectively, with longer fibers supporting streaming out of colonies and elongating cells. The study suggests that a balance between aggressiveness and cooperation is crucial for cell movement.
Research suggests that women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are more likely to develop poor respiratory health based on lung function tests. PCOS is believed to affect almost one in six women and often runs in families, while also increasing the risk of diabetes, which has been linked to lower lung function.
Research has linked exposure to BPA in the womb to increased risk of wheezing and poorer lung function in children. The study found that pregnant women with higher BPA levels were more likely to have children who suffered from wheezing, and a doubling of BPA corresponded with a significant decrease in lung capacity.
The study found that the presence of Nassau grouper had a positive effect on fish abundance, with groups having both a resident grouper and complex habitat producing the highest numbers of fish. Habitat complexity also significantly benefited fish populations, with degraded sites having fewer than 50 fish on average.
A study found that nearly a third of patients with severe asthma are taking harmful doses of oral steroids. Improving adherence to inhaled therapies and inhaler technique can help avoid this. However, only half of eligible patients receive biologic asthma drugs, which could reduce exposure to harmful oral steroids.
The Edwards family's journey with uterus transplantation has resulted in the birth of their fourth child through this innovative procedure. Researchers at Baylor University Medical Center have completed 20 uterus transplants as part of a clinical trial, aiming to expand this option for women with absolute uterine factor infertility.
A recent study by MIT professors found a strong correlation between students' grades and their sleep habits, with consistent sleep quality playing a crucial role. The study discovered that the timing of bedtime also affects performance, with going to bed after 2 a.m. leading to poorer grades regardless of total sleep hours.
Zachary Schug receives $2,679,000 NIH award to study link between high sugar/fat diet, alcohol use and cancer. He aims to uncover molecular mechanisms underlying this connection and develop novel therapies.
South Africa sees a tenfold increase in adolescents on HIV treatment since 2010, yet fewer than 50% successfully initiate antiretroviral therapy. The rise is attributed to the country's successful ART program, but concerns about stigma and care barriers persist.
Tardigrades' protein Dsup protects cells from X-rays and hydroxyl radicals by binding to chromatin and forming a shield. This mechanism may help develop animal cells that can live longer under extreme conditions.
Researchers at NIH and Siemens developed a low-magnetic-field MRI system that improves image quality of lungs and other internal structures, making medical imaging more affordable and accessible. The new system also reduces the risk of heating and allows for safer procedures for patients with pacemakers or defibrillators.
Australian marine ecosystems absorb and emit large amounts of greenhouse gases, including 20 million tonnes of CO2 annually. Human damage causes 3 million tonnes to be released back into the atmosphere, highlighting the importance of conservation and restoration.
The University of Massachusetts Lowell's PICTURE-C telescope was launched via a football field-sized helium balloon to study objects hidden by stars' glare. The instrument boasts an optical control system and can block out direct light from stars, allowing for the detailed study of nearby planets.
A research group led by Associate Professor Joel Yang from Singapore University of Technology and Design printed a miniature Eiffel Tower with multiple colors due to interacting nanostructures. The
The multi-society statement focuses on three areas: data, algorithms, and practice. It emphasizes the importance of ethical use of AI in radiology, ensuring benefits and harms are distributed fairly among stakeholders. Radiologists will need to acquire new skills to work effectively with AI tools.
Mothers who experience domestic violence are 12% less likely to initiate breastfeeding within an hour of birth and 13% less likely to breastfeed exclusively in the first six months. Early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding have numerous health benefits, including improved survival rates for infants and mothers.
A new national poll suggests that older adults are hesitant to try virtual health visits due to concerns about technology and quality of care. Despite this, many (64%) would be interested in telehealth options if they became unexpectedly ill while traveling or needed follow-up on previous care.
A $4 million grant will study the impact of an easy-to-use online platform called WeCareAdvisor on managing dementia symptoms and caregiver distress. The platform provides education, daily tips, and a systematic approach for describing strategies to manage behavioral and psychological symptoms.
The IU-led center will focus on proteins related to the brain's immune system that may contribute to Alzheimer's disease. The goal is to develop high-quality research tools and new technologies needed to broaden the number of targets being investigated for effective medicines.
A national team of researchers, led by Xu Liang from the University of Pittsburgh, has received a $1.3 million grant to create CyberWater, an open framework that integrates diverse data sets and models for investigating water resources and climate-related environmental issues.
The NIH awarded UTEP's BUILDing SCHOLARS program a $15.2 million grant to train the next generation of biomedical researchers in the US Southwest, focusing on cancer, addiction, environmental health, and more. The program aims to increase diversity in the biomedical research workforce.
Researchers warn that stem cell therapies for shoulder and elbow injuries have far outpaced supporting scientific data, with many treatments still unproven. The clinical data for these treatments are currently limited, and a greater understanding of optimal formulations and dosing schedules is needed to determine their effectiveness.
The study's findings indicate that global tuna catches have increased by 1,000% in six decades, driven by industrial fisheries operating beyond capacity. The Pacific Ocean accounts for 67% of total catches, with many species, including bluefin and sharks, facing significant threats.
The West Virginia Water Research Institute will scale up its Rare Earth Recovery Project with the new funding, which includes building a facility at an acid mine drainage treatment plant near Mount Storm. The project aims to extract rare earth elements from coal and coal byproducts, reducing dependence on China.
A low-pressure system formerly known as tropical cyclone Narda is generating scattered light rain in the eastern side of its remnant clouds. Forecasters expect additional rainfall of up to 2 inches across parts of Chihuahua and Sonora, with moisture spreading northeastward across US Southern Plains.
A recent study reveals that parasitic flukes have a long evolutionary history, with genome comparisons showing significant adaptations to different hosts. The research team found that fasciolid flukes may have originated in ancient African elephants and later expanded into Eurasian herbivores.
Researchers found that different shapes of micropillars affect liquid retention, with triangular pillars showing reduced critical burst volume for high surface-tension liquids. The study aims to develop an evaporative heat exchange device.
A Yale study finds that rural residents face long drive times to obtain methadone, a treatment for opioid addiction, compared to urban counties. Methadone can be prescribed at Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs), potentially reducing drive times.
A study found that lop-eared rabbits are more prone to ear canal narrowing, ear infections, tooth overgrowth, and dental problems, potentially leading to pain and discomfort. The research calls into question the ethics of breeding and buying these popular pet rabbits.
Researchers at TU Wien have developed a new measurement protocol that enables direct measurement of the quantum phase of electrons. This breakthrough could lead to better understanding of important phenomena in photosensors and photovoltaics.
The study revealed that loss of Lamin A/C acetylation results in softened nuclei prone to mechanical pressure and eventual breaking. Nuclear blebs and micronuclei are more likely to form under these conditions, posing a risk to genetic material integrity.
The Reinhart Koselleck Project aims to study the growth of atmospheric nanoparticles using high-resolution mass spectrometry. The team hopes to understand the mechanisms of particle formation and differentiate between natural and human-induced causes.
A team of researchers discovered that single-celled organisms like protozoa can protect pathogenic bacteria and prime them for human infection. The bacteria are expelled into the environment after being ingested by protozoa and become more infectious in humans, potentially threatening public health.
Researchers at National University of Singapore (NUS) developed high-performance thermoelectric materials that can directly convert heat to electrical energy. The team discovered the interplay of triple electronic bands in selenium-doped tin sulphide crystals, leading to improved thermal transport and environmental friendliness.
Researchers at the University of Bergen identified new genetic signals regulating infant growth, which may help combat growth-related diseases like obesity and malnutrition. The study found that different BMI-signals exist for children and adults, with varying genetic influences during childhood.
Sven Apel and colleagues received the Most Influential Paper Award for their 2008 research paper on software product lines, which revolutionized software development by reusing existing components. Their work has been widely adopted in industry, with over 500 citations since its publication.
The new laboratory combines existing and new facilities, fostering innovative scientific programs, idea exchange, and creative development in ground-based optical-infrared astronomy. The lab enables breakthrough discoveries in astrophysics by developing state-of-the-art observatories and providing data products for a diverse community.