Tropical fisheries face significant threats from climate change, with global seafood trade and distant-water fishing linked to extratropical natural systems. This telecoupling effect generates cascades of impacts that affect not only local economies but also distant regions.
A new algorithm reveals evidence of interbreeding between ancient humans and their relatives, with some humans carrying DNA from an unknown archaic ancestor. The study suggests that genetic exchange occurred frequently among overlapping groups.
Research by Technical University of Munich shows that faster-growing bacteria are more likely to die when deprived of food, highlighting the balance between growth and survivability in bacterial fitness. The study may lead to improved effectiveness of antibiotics by stimulating intestinal bacteria growth.
Researchers found that approximately 3.3% of families engage in 'coupon-collection behavior', where they have children of both sexes except for the last-born child, reducing sex-ratio variation. The trend is more pronounced in recent decades and suggests a growing desire for gender equality.
Researchers found that chemotherapy is rarely used to treat adults with localized sarcoma, affecting only 22% of patients. Facilities performing more surgeries for sarcoma tend to use chemotherapy more frequently.
Researchers used 'partial identification' technique to make assumptions about COVID-19 data from Illinois, New York, and Italy. This approach narrowed the bounds of infection fatality rates, providing a more accurate understanding of the virus.
Scientists discovered a way to make non-magnetic oxide materials magnetic by controlling layer growth and creating vacancies in the atomic layers. This breakthrough enables the creation of new materials with unique properties, opening up possibilities for advanced technologies.
Researchers identified a pattern of longer-term symptoms in COVID-19 patients, including fatigue, breathlessness, and psychological distress. The study found that some patients experienced symptoms associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), highlighting the need for specialist rehabilitation services.
A world-first study found altered gut bacteria in people with Huntington's disease, associated with symptoms and disease progression. The research raises the possibility of targeting gut bacteria for future treatment.
The first commercially available intermediate wheatgrass (IWG) cultivar has been released, providing a sustainable crop option for agriculture. MN-Clearwater produces high grain yields of 696 kg ha-1, with minimal lodging and disease levels, making it suitable for the US Upper Midwest, southern Canada, and Northeast regions.
Researchers efficiently synthesized cepafungin I, a natural compound with promise as an anti-cancer agent, using a lean new process that overcame its complex molecular structure. The compound targets the proteasome, a strategy used by many existing cancer medications.
Research suggests that 1 in 4 UK puppies may be acquired before the minimum recommended age, risking health and behavioral problems. Factors associated with early adoption include visiting the puppy before taking it home or intending to use the dog for work.
Scientists at the University of Birmingham have developed a reliable method to predict an individual's susceptibility to pain using alpha wave frequency. This breakthrough could help clinicians understand how patients will react to surgery and develop more effective pain management strategies.
Researchers from Northwestern University used a crowd-sourced platform to analyze seismic recordings and found that citizen scientists can classify earthquakes with 85% accuracy, outperforming machine learning algorithms. Citizen scientists also successfully identified tectonic tremors, which AI could not do previously.
A team led by astrophysicist Allison Youngblood used the Hubble Space Telescope to view Earth as if it were an exoplanet, capturing ultraviolet signals of ozone in its atmosphere. The study demonstrates a proof-of-concept for detecting biosignatures of life on distant planets.
Studies using realistic shaving experiments and in situ electron microscopy found that differences in cutting angle, microstructural variation, and location of variations contribute to blade failure. Implementing homogeneous microstructures at the cutting edge could be achieved through nanostructured alloys.
The Purdue team's disinfection method uses edible materials and FDA-approved food coloring dyes to kill airborne pathogens. The technology has been patented and is being licensed for commercialization, with potential applications in medical settings and public spaces.
A recent study published in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews has explored the potential of using catalytic pyrolysis to convert used tyres into alternative fuels. The process produces liquid fuel with aromatic compounds, as well as gas and solid products that can be used for energy production and carbon black reuse.
Researchers have developed a new method to map the magnetic field of the solar corona using near-infrared observations. The technique, presented in a recent study, can provide detailed maps of the coronal magnetic field across the entire observable corona.
Researchers developed an algorithm that can predict DNA methylation sites throughout the genome using deep learning. This method has been successful in identifying potential therapeutic targets for human diseases and could improve conventional screening methods.
The Virtual SLEEP 2020 meeting provides a platform for live and on-demand access to over 1,200 research abstracts and presentations on various sleep-related topics. Clinical sleep specialists will discuss current practices in diagnosing and treating sleep disorders such as insomnia and narcolepsy.
Astronomers used Hubble Space Telescope to detect ozone in Earth's atmosphere, simulating conditions for future exoplanet observations. The study aims to develop models of Earth's spectrum as a template for categorizing atmospheres on extrasolar planets.
A frigatebird chick suffering from a viral infection has won the 7th BMC Ecology Image competition. The winning image showcases the intricate relationships between species and their environments. David Costantini's powerful photo highlights pressing issues in ecology, including viral outbreaks affecting bird populations.
A team of researchers discovered unexpected features in roaming reactions, enabling more accurate predictions about molecules in the atmosphere, including models of climate change and ozone depletion. The study provides new tools to understand reaction mechanisms in the atmosphere.
UC Berkeley researchers have identified a unique electrical signature in brain noise that distinguishes REM sleep from wakefulness. This breakthrough could enable the development of new diagnostic tools for sleep disorders and monitor patients under anesthesia during surgery.
The study found that immune cells are produced in large quantities but their function is defective, leading to an ineffective immune response against the virus. In severe cases, immature cells with inhibitory effects on the immune response prevail.
Scientists have found a link between mutation rate and genome size in prokaryotes, with higher mutation rates associated with faster gene loss and smaller genomes. The study challenges the current idea that population size is the main factor driving genome reduction in prokaryotes.
A review by Dr Chawla finds that connecting with nature supports young people's happiness, health, and environmental awareness, while also generating complex emotions linked to climate change. The study highlights the need for strategies that balance promoting a positive connection with nature with addressing its challenges.
Researchers at Sanford Burnham Prebys aim to develop new therapies for schizophrenia, depression, anxiety and substance abuse by identifying potential drug targets in 'orphan' receptors. The team has created an innovative platform called LIFT to screen small molecules and validate these receptors as bonafide drug targets.
A new study reveals that non-white Americans, especially Asian Americans, are at a higher risk of gastric cancer compared to non-Hispanic whites. The risk is highest among Korean Americans age 50 and older, who have a 12-fold to 14.5-fold higher risk of developing stomach cancer.
A recent study published in Genetics found a single genetic mutation in Tasmanian devils that leads to reduced growth of a transmissible cancer. The mutation is also implicated in human prostate and colon cancers, suggesting potential new treatment avenues.
A new study by Michigan Medicine researchers documents how hospitals reacted to the pandemic and found that most implemented a 'no visitors' policy, but some allowed exceptions for end-of-life visits. ICU teams also shifted to telephones and video chats to connect with families.
Researchers Waseem Asghar, Behnaz Ghoraani, Feng-Hao Liu, and Marianne E. Porter have received NSF CAREER Awards for their groundbreaking work on developing low-cost infectious disease testing devices, cognitive screening tools for Alzheimer's detection, and post-quantum cryptography methods.
A new study from the University of Missouri School of Medicine found that pre-treatment eye pressure is a key indicator of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) effectiveness in patients with open-angle glaucoma. Patients with higher baseline intraocular pressure achieved larger reductions in pressure after surgery.
Researchers found that influenza A virus (IAV) infection leads to changes in eosinophil surface markers, antigen presentation, and survival. Eosinophils play an active role in resolving viral infections by recognizing IAV antigens and inducing epigenetic changes in CD8+ T-cells.
A new analysis of satellite images has found that nearly half of the world's protected land has experienced changes in land productivity over the past 15 years. Stable levels of land productivity were maintained in around 44% of protected areas, while increases or decreases were observed in almost half.
Researchers identified three antidepressant dispensing trajectories during pregnancy: continued treatment, interrupted and resumed, and stopped. Women on continuous treatment had more frequent complications and postpartum psychiatric disorders.
A new study found that prenatal Viagra treatment worsened growth-restriction in baby sheep by impairing the fetus' ability to redirect blood flow to essential organs. This impairment occurred despite lower levels of oxygen in the fetal blood, suggesting a potential mechanism underlying increased morbidity observed clinically.
Scientists at TU Wien have explained DNA's unusual behavior under tension using a unique combination of civil engineering and physics. The study reveals that DNA can twist more than expected when stretched, with significant consequences for biology and medicine.
A study published in Media International Australia found that COVID-19 misinformation led to a surge in conspiracy theories, particularly around 5G technology. The research highlighted the role of social media and celebrities in spreading false claims, which can have significant real-world impacts, such as attacks on mobile phone towers.
Karabi Bezboruah, associate professor at the University of Texas at Arlington, has won the 2020 USDLA International Excellence in Teaching/Training Award. She was recognized for her innovative approach to teaching and training, including incorporating experiential projects into her online courses.
A study found that two blood epigenetic signatures associated with ADNP syndrome have only modest correlation with clinical manifestations. Researchers conclude that these signatures should be carefully evaluated before being considered as biomarkers for predicting behavioral outcomes.
Research in mice indicates ACE2 receptor is primarily found on tongue cells with rough surfaces, not in taste bud cells, suggesting alternative mechanisms for SARS-CoV-2-induced taste loss.
Researchers explore how women with SE-AN experience it as profoundly embodied, highlighting why treatment becomes more difficult. A new holistic approach is proposed to improve quality of life.
Distinctive fluted points were discovered on Yemeni and Omani sites, dating back to 7,000-8,000 years ago. The discovery of similar techniques in Arabia suggests cultural convergence without a connection between the populations.
A new checklist of New Guinea's 13,634 vascular plant species has been built by 99 scientists from 56 institutions and 19 countries. The list contains 20% more species than Madagascar or Borneo, with many endemic plants found only in the region.
A novel, rapid carcinogen detection method using stem cells has been developed by scientists at Okayama University. The method, which takes only one week to yield results, involves testing chemicals on healthy stem cells to see if they convert into cancerous stem cells.
A researcher at Sandia National Laboratories has won an Early Career Research Program award to develop methods for applying physics laws to observe large-scale physical events. The project aims to achieve a millionfold change in scale, from meter- to microscale features.
A study of 380 female sex workers found that more than half reported symptoms of PTSD after experiencing or witnessing an overdose. The findings suggest that overdose treatment programs should include a strong mental health component to help survivors and witnesses recover from trauma.
A CUNY ISPH study reveals that ovarian cancer grows and evolves continuously, with mixtures of subclones accumulating mutations. The findings challenge previous simplistic models of discrete subtypes, offering a clearer picture of tumor heterogeneity.
A new study has provided the world's most detailed phylogenetic analysis of asterids, a group of flowering plants that include coffee, heather, and tomatoes. The research, conducted by the University of Bonn and international partners, sheds light on the evolutionary history of these species and their relationships.
A study published in Nature Communications has found that plant hormones strigolactones reduce the transport of auxin, a key hormone involved in vein formation. This slowdown allows for more focused and efficient vein development, which can lead to improved crop yields and better adaptation to challenging climate conditions.
A team led by Argonne National Laboratory has discovered a new electrocatalyst that converts carbon dioxide (CO2) and water into ethanol with very high energy efficiency, selectivity for the desired final product, and low cost. This process could contribute to the circular carbon economy by reusing CO2 from industrial processes.
Researchers used airplanes and satellite data to uncover neighborhood-level differences in nitrogen dioxide levels in Houston. The study found that areas with higher pollutant levels were predominantly low-income, non-white, and Hispanic neighborhoods, while high-income, white areas had lower pollution levels.
Researchers find that San Francisco Bay Area coastal flooding causes region-wide commute disruptions, particularly in areas with sparse road networks. Climate change exacerbates the issue, and measuring road network density is crucial for understanding community resilience to flood-related delays.
Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute developed wedge-shaped luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) that can be hung on walls to capture and convert sunlight into electric power. The technology has shown promise in reducing energy needs for buildings, particularly in urban settings where roof space is limited.
Researchers, including Masoud Manjili, suggest that COVID-19 should be treated as an acute inflammatory disease due to dysregulated immune responses. Effective treatment strategies involve modulating inflammation without compromising the adaptive immune response.
Researchers identified nine clusters of journalists, including an 'elite/legacy' cluster dominated by The Washington Post and others, which showed high levels of insularity. In contrast, a long-form/enterprise cluster fostered exchange among journalists with diverse perspectives.
A recent survey of nearly 800 cigar smokers found that more than twice as many reported increasing their tobacco use since the pandemic's onset. The study suggests that stress, anxiety, and reduced access to cessation resources may contribute to this trend.
A study published in The BMJ found that freezing embryos for later transfer does not result in a higher chance of pregnancy compared to fresh embryo transfer. Researchers recommend using fresh embryo transfer as the gold standard for women with no immediate risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.