Researchers found that developing seizures after a severe ischemic stroke increases the risk of death and disability. The study identified several risk factors for post-stroke seizures, including age, severity of stroke, and previous heart conditions.
Researchers discovered genetic contributions from an unknown archaic hominin in modern West Africans through computer modeling. The study suggests recent or multiple interactions between anatomically modern humans and various populations of archaic hominins, hinting at a complex history.
Growing concern that AI may exacerbate existing health disparities due to biased data, particularly in skin color recognition for melanoma detection. Experts warn that market incentives alone cannot overcome historical gaps in medical research for ethnic minority groups.
Researchers at Brown University found that perovskite films crack easily but can be healed with compression or moderate heat, which could improve durability and long-term reliability for commercialization
Developers need to acknowledge importance of inclusivity for LGBTQ+ community in robot design. Technology reflects societal biases, and excluding queer perspectives is a problem that should be recognized in research and design.
Jakoah Brgoch and Judy Wu are recognized as 2020 Sloan Research Fellows for their groundbreaking research in computational and experimental inorganic chemistry. Their work has the potential to revolutionize fields such as energy, manufacturing, and neuroscience.
A large human study found that gut microbiome composition and diversity are related to differences in personality, including sociability and neuroticism. People with larger social networks tend to have a more diverse gut microbiome, while those with higher stress or anxiety have lower diversity.
A preclinical study found that a human gene variant affects the brain's reward processing circuit and increases vulnerability to THC reward in adolescent females, leading to higher preference for cannabis. The study suggests genetic factors can contribute to increased susceptibility to cannabis dependence in select populations.
Researchers found a positive correlation between butylparaben exposure and increased body-mass index in children until their eighth birthday. Parabens may disrupt the regulation of natural satiety in the brain through epigenetic modifications, leading to higher food intake.
Two studies found that individuals with non-heterosexual orientations and non-cisgender identities have a higher lifetime prevalence of skin cancer. The research highlights significant disparities in skin cancer rates among LGBTQ+ populations in the US, underscoring the need for targeted prevention efforts.
A small observational study found no evidence of intrauterine transmission of the new coronavirus and similar symptoms to non-pregnant adults. The study results were based on nine pregnant women with COVID-19 infection, all of whom gave birth via cesarean section.
A new group of antibiotics, corbomycin and complestatin, have been discovered with a unique approach to killing bacteria by blocking the function of the bacterial cell wall. The researchers demonstrated its effectiveness in mice against drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections.
A study analyzing 9,295 patients in four Indiana hospital systems found that those with multiple ED visits, heroin use, and Medicaid or uninsured status were more likely to have future emergency department encounters. Consolidating patient information can improve risk assessment and treatment opportunities for at-risk patients.
A new study by the University of Miami Rosenstiel School found that the Deepwater Horizon oil spill spread beyond the known satellite footprint, impacting a wider range of marine wildlife. The research team developed a new framework to better manage future oil spills, taking into account invisible and toxic oil.
Researchers discover chemical cues in orchid that stimulate mosquitoes' sense of smell, attracting them like flowers. The scent contains nonanal and lilac aldehyde, which stimulate mosquito antennae and draw in multiple species.
A new study by University of Arizona researchers estimates that one in three plant and animal species may face extinction by 2070 due to climate change. The study analyzed data from hundreds of plant and animal species surveyed around the globe, finding that maximum annual temperatures are the key variable driving local extinctions.
Researchers from Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center identified an adaptation by cancer cells that facilitates their spreading to distant sites. Targeted therapies disrupting the ribosome function and inhibiting cancer cell growth slows the spread of breast cancer in a mouse model.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory have developed a new molecular layer etching technique that could help fabricate and control material geometries at the nanoscale. The technique uses pulses of gas to remove thin films, potentially opening new doors in microelectronics and extending beyond traditional Moore's Law scaling.
Target-based ecological compensation provides a framework for linking compensatory requirements to biodiversity targets, ensuring no net loss of species habitats. This approach resolves uncertainty and promotes better outcomes for the planet and people.
A recent investigation by the Environmental Working Group found that the EPA has failed to apply an extra margin of safety to legal limits for pesticides in food, putting children at risk. The study examined 47 non-organophosphate pesticides and found that only five cases had the required tenfold safety factor applied.
Researchers found that oral cancers can reprogram nerves to grow into tumors, changing their function and fuelling growth. The team discovered that adrenergic nerves, involved in stress response, are susceptible to drugs used to treat high blood pressure and irregular heartbeats.
Research identifies high-risk locations and times for disease transmission between elk and cattle, highlighting the importance of minimizing contact between species. Guidelines provide actionable steps to reduce the risk of infection.
A new method using bubble-attracting sheets of specially textured mesh can significantly reduce or eliminate foamy bubbles in industrial processes. The system works by attracting and shedding bubbles, allowing them to dissipate quickly and reducing the need for chemical additives.
A new study found that the same bacteria are present in the dermis layer of skin across all ages and genders, contradicting the long-held assumption that each person's microbiome is unique. This discovery has significant implications for understanding skin disorders like eczema and psoriasis.
Researchers found that calf mortality at taming age differs from wild elephants and that calves with less experienced mothers are more likely to die. However, overall calf survival has massively improved over the decades, thanks to changes in management, such as daily veterinary care and access to natural habitats.
Climate-driven farming in 'frontiers' could pollute downstream water resources and decrease biodiversity, threatening 1.8 billion people and accelerating global warming.
Researchers developed a hybrid microscope that combines optical and infrared measurements with machine learning algorithms to create digital biopsies. The hybrid microscope closely correlates with traditional pathology techniques and outperforms state-of-the-art infrared microscopes in terms of resolution, consistency, and coverage.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that consumers may be wasting more than twice as much food as commonly believed, and that affluent consumers waste more food. The researchers used a human metabolism model to quantify the relationship between food waste and consumer affluence.
Researchers found that a new stimulation treatment increased blood flow to the brain and improved hand strength in patients with minor strokes. The treatment also showed promise in decreasing disability in patients with severe stroke, regardless of age, sex, or severity of symptoms.
A rapid DNA extraction and diagnostic method has been developed, allowing for same-day management decisions in insect-transmitted plant diseases. This technique reduced the identification time from two weeks to less than one hour.
Researchers followed patients with diabetes who developed diabetic retinopathy and found a 60% higher risk of stroke among those with damaged eye vessels. Patients with diabetic retinopathy should receive aggressive medical management to reduce stroke risk.
Researchers analyzed data from over 300,000 people and found that genetics significantly increases the risk of stroke and heart attack in men compared to women. The study suggests that genetic scores could be used to identify healthy middle-aged adults at higher risk and develop preventive measures.
A study published by Children's Hospital Los Angeles found that the carbohydrate 2'FL in breast milk positively influences neurodevelopment and enhances cognitive development in babies. The researchers analyzed breast milk composition and feeding patterns to determine the effects of 2'FL on infant cognitive development.
A University of Tsukuba-led research team created a thermocell with a material exhibiting temperature-induced phase transition, boosting output voltage from tens of millivolts to around 120 mV. This design enables efficient energy harvesting from waste heat to power small electronics sustainably.
Researchers from NTU Singapore and the University of Leeds create a 'topological' laser that can route light particles around corners and cope with defects in its manufacture. This innovation has the potential to improve the performance of laser systems and enable more efficient production using existing semiconductor technologies.
A multi-center study has identified a research-based ultrasound screening method that can predict which children with cystic fibrosis are at higher risk for advanced liver disease. The test shows promise in identifying patients who could benefit from targeted therapies to prevent the development of this life-threatening condition.
Researchers identified 34 patients with therapy-associated polyposis (TAP), developing colorectal growths despite not having a hereditary susceptibility. The study found TAP mimics familial polyposis but is biologically distinct, suggesting multiple biological pathways involved in its development.
Marine biologists found that redundancy in urchin predators and protection afforded to them help keep sea urchin populations in check, particularly in protected areas. The study highlights an underappreciated benefit of marine reserves and offers a new perspective on strategies to manage ecosystems for resilience.
A study found that yellow-footed antechinus, a shrew-like marsupial species, are less able to respond effectively to prolonged heat waves due to their limited physiological flexibility. This has significant implications for their ability to adapt to climate change in Australia.
Rates of skin cancer were higher among gay and bisexual men compared to heterosexual men. However, bisexual women had a lower rate of skin cancer than heterosexual women. The study's findings highlight the importance of addressing skin cancer risk in sexual minority populations.
Researchers analyzed 752 photos of faith-centered tattoos on college students, finding that nearly 20% were overtly religious in content. Religious tattoos were more likely to face inward, toward the owner, and feature images such as the cross, often with Bible references.
Scientists at Kyushu University found that two enzymes, BGLU28 and BGLU30, play a crucial role in breaking down glucosinolates in plants deficient in sulfur. The study reveals that these enzymes are essential for plant growth under sulfur-deprived conditions.
Scientists modeled early impact events on Mars, revealing a heterogeneous mantle and challenging previous estimates of the planet's formation time. The new research provides insight into the Red Planet's evolution and composition.
Investigation by The BMJ reveals that UK medical schools are unprepared to deal with racism and racial harassment experienced by black and ethnic minority students. Only half of the 40 public undergraduate medical schools in the UK collect data on complaints, with just 11 recorded since 2010.
Doctors from black and ethnic minority backgrounds are up to three times more likely to fail exams than their white peers. Improved learning experiences and inclusive curriculums can help address this institutional problem. Strong leadership and tackling prejudice are key to creating a more equitable healthcare system.
A new study analyzing MRI scans of individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome found significant brain volume differences compared to control groups, including lower volumes in specific structures and higher volumes in others. The study provides a unique window into how psychiatric problems develop over time.
A system created by MIT researchers can pinpoint and replace specific information in Wikipedia sentences while retaining humanlike grammar and style. This technology has potential to automatically update factual inconsistencies in Wikipedia articles, reducing time and effort spent by human editors.
Researchers have designed a novel probiotic strain that can seek out solid tumors and safely deliver immune checkpoint inhibitors, leading to tumor regression. The probiotic platform can also be used to deliver multiple immunotherapies simultaneously, enabling effective therapeutic combinations for difficult-to-treat cancers.
Research suggests that low levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) may be associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke in postmenopausal women. The study, which examined data from over 13,000 women, found that those with the lowest SHBG levels were 51% more likely to have had a stroke.
A coalition of health workforce researchers advocates for revising antiquated state laws limiting nurse, PA, and pharmacist practice. Relaxing restrictions could expand access to care at lower cost, with expanded medication management services.
A team of researchers from Princeton and Stanford University has developed methods to obtain fairer data sets containing images of people. They propose improvements to ImageNet, removing non-visual concepts and offensive categories, such as racial and sexual characterizations.
A recent study at BESSY II used X-ray microscopy to investigate how nanoparticles interact with cells. Researchers found that nanoparticles can change the number and type of cell organelles, such as increasing mitochondria and decreasing lipid droplets. This suggests that different nanoparticle coatings may have similar effects on cells.
Research found that pre-treatment with empty SV40 capsids increased survival rates from zero to 75% in severe rat sepsis models. The underlying mechanism involves the up-regulation of Hsp/c70 and induction of the PI3K/Akt survival pathway.
A new AAN guideline provides recommendations for treating sleep problems in children and teens with autism. The guideline suggests starting with behavior-modification strategies, such as setting a consistent sleep routine, before considering medication like melatonin.
A recent study found that over one-quarter of teens experience digital dating abuse, including harassment and control via technology. Boys are more likely to be victims than girls, while traditional forms of abuse also emerge as a significant issue. Risk factors include depressive symptoms, sending sexts, and cyberbullying.
Researchers at Mount Sinai discovered a novel combination of two classes of drugs that cause the highest rate of human beta cell proliferation without harming most other cells in the body. This finding is an important step toward a diabetes treatment that restores insulin production. The study, published in Science Translational Medici...
Advanced Devices & Instrumentation, the fifth journal in AAAS's Science Partner Journal program, publishes high-impact breakthroughs in electronics, photonics, and artificial intelligence. The journal aims to provide a platform for valuable research outcomes in fields like sensor technology, internet-of-things and energy management.
French labor unions played a crucial role in protecting workers' mental health during the 2007 restructuring at France Telecom. The unions' efforts led to a landmark court decision holding the company and top executives accountable for
A global research team has identified 13 invasive species that threaten biodiversity on the Antarctic Peninsula. Non-native species can be transported via human visitation, boats, or food supplies, and require mitigation measures to prevent harm to delicate ecosystems.
Researchers at University of Michigan developed nanoscale thermal switches that can control the flow of heat at the nanoscale. This discovery has the potential to revolutionize thermal management in devices such as transistors and diodes.